Transcription
www.m-alimohammadi.comTPO 1 – 30Vocabulary
TPO 1 – 30TPO 1ConsolidateStrengthenThe company has consolidated its position as thecountry's leading gas supplier.The team consolidated their lead with a third goal.Reading 1 Abundant- Precipitation- Streams- emergeparticle- pebble- consolidate-gravel- sedimentladen with-deposit- slope- cement-plugpercolate- porous-lava- bubble-permeabilitycavity- crevice- drain- cling- tension- saturateovercome-Gravel small stones, used to make a surface for paths,roads etc:a gravel pathSand and gravelAbundant Sediment AmplePlentifulTeemingvs. scarcean abundant supply of fresh waterabundant opportunities for well qualified staff Laden with PrecipitationRainfallSnowfall Small riverMountain streamBlood streamEmergefill, fill up, make fullThe tables were laden with food. put, set, place, pose, position, layAs the river slows down, it deposits a layer ofsoil. a piece of ground or a surface that slopesa steep slopea gentle ( not steep) slopeSlopeCementAppearThe flowers emerge in the spring.The sun emerged from behind the clouds.Eventually the truth emerged. a very small piece of something: dust particlesparticle of tiny particles of soil a small smooth stone found especially on abeach or on the bottom of a river:The beach was covered with smooth whitepebbles. سیمان insert, enclose, inclose , stick in, put in, introduce,coverWe used mud to plug up the holes in the roof.Pebblewww.m-alimohammadi.coma bag of cementPlugParticle Deposit Stream solid substances that settle at the bottom ofa liquid:a thick layer of sedimentPercolate diffuse, spread, spread outThe message has begun to percolatethrough the organization.These ideas were slow to percolate.Page 1
TPO 1 – 30Porous allowing liquid, air etc to pass slowly throughmany very small holes:porous materialLava hot liquid rock that flows from a volcano, or thisrock when it has become solidTension Stress, worryThe tension was becoming unbearable, and Iwanted to scream. کشش Saturate fill, fill up, make fullOur culture is saturated with television andadvertisingBubble a ball of air or gas in liquid:When water boils, bubbles rise to thesurface.soap bubblesShe was blowing bubbles in her milk with astraw.Overcome Permeability Reading 2 material that is permeable allows water, gas etcto pass through it [ impermeable]:the permeable cell membraneCavity Crevice a narrow crack in the surface of something,especially in rock:small creatures that hide in crevices in therockDrain to make the water or liquid in something flowaway:The swimming pool is drained and cleaned everywinter. cling, cleave, adhere, stick, cohereHe wailed and clung to his mother.Passengers clung desperately onto thelifeboats.www.m-alimohammadi.comspeculate, theorize, theorise, conjecture,hypothesize, hypothesise, hypothecate,supposeThere is speculation that the president is ill.Concrete Tangible, touchablemade of concrete:a concrete floor2 definite and specific [ abstract]:What does that mean in concrete terms?the lack of any concrete evidencea dialogue about concrete issues and problemsEnvision ClingSpeculation- concrete- envision- championritual- myth- attribute- perceive- costumeconception- abandon- modify- autonomousrecall- impersonation- imitate- virtuosityantecedent- penchant- detach- deviationcease- retain-Speculationa hole or space inside something:Put herbs inside the body cavity of the fish.I have no cavities ( no holes in my teeth) defeatHe struggled to overcome his shyness.Her financial problems could no longerbe overcome. visualize, visualise, envision, project, fancy,see, figure, picture, imageI envisioned a future of educationalexcellencePage 2
TPO 1 – 30Champion back, endorse, indorse, plump for, plunk for,supportShe championed the cause of religiousfreedomRitual Religious ceremonythe importance of religion and ritual in ourlivesabandon LeaveQuitWe had to abandon the car and walk the restof the way.modify ChangeThe feedback will be used to modifythe course for next year.The regulations can only be modifiedby a special committee.Myth an idea or story that many people believe,but which is not trueContrary to popular myth, the majority ofaccidents are not caused by speeding ordrunkenness.the myth of Orpheusattribute ascribe, assign,The fall in the number of deaths from heartdisease is generally attributed toimprovements in diet.perceive understand, realize, realise, seeThat morning, he perceived a change inFranca's mood.Cats are not able to perceive colour .recall remember, retrieve, recall, call back,call up, recollect, thinkI seem to recall I've met him beforesomewhereimpersonation act, play, mockDo you know it is a very seriousoffence to impersonate a policeofficer?imitate CopyImitate s.o’s behaviorvirtuosity a very high degree of skill inperformingantecedentcostume a set of clothesHallowe'en costumes penchant conception UnderstandingThey have no conception of what womenreally feel and endency, inclinationa penchant for fast carsdetach SeparatePlease detach and fill out theapplication form.Page 3
TPO 1 – 30deviation Differ, divertdeviation from the normal procedurecease StopCeasefireCessationretain KeepHoldRetain your composureReading 3 Shrub- herb- moisture- tropic- deciduous- twistdeform- latitude- tend- attain- prone- avalanchecreep- velocity- altitude- bare- prostrate- strikingadjacent- insulation- equator- prevalent- moss-shrub a small bush with several woodystemsherb PlantHerbal teaHerbivorousCarnivorousOmnivorousMoisture WetnessPlants use their roots to absorbmoisture from the soil.Your skin's moisture content variesaccording to weather conditions.tropic the tropicsPG the hottest part of theworld, which is around the equator:plant species found in the tropicswww.m-alimohammadi.comdeciduous deciduous trees lose their leaves inwinter [ evergreen] flex, bend, deform, twist, turnHe twisted his head slightly, andlooked up at her.twistdeform contort, deform, distort, wringWearing badly-fitting shoes candeform your feet.latitude the distance north or south of theequator ( the imaginary line aroundthe middle of the world), measured indegrees [ longitude]2 latitudes [plural] an area at aparticular latitude:The birds breed in northern latitudes.the oceans of the lower latitudetend InclinePeople tend to need less sleep as theyget older.My car tends to overheat in thesummer.attain achieve, accomplish, attain, reachMore women are attaining positions ofpower.prone likely to do something or suffer fromsomething, especially something bador harmfulprone toSome plants are very prone todisease.prone to do somethingPage 4
TPO 1 – 30 Kids are all prone to eat junk food. avalanche a large mass of snow, ice, and rocksthat falls down the side of a mountain:Two skiers were killed in theavalanche. creep to move in a quiet, careful way,especially to avoid attracting attentioncreep into/over/around etcJohann would creep into the gallery tolisten to the singers.He crept back up the stairs, trying toavoid the ones that creaked.striking velocity the speed of somethingthe velocity of lightThe speedboat reached a velocity of120 mph.a high velocity bullet Next toWe stayed in adjacent rooms.Insulationaltitude unusual or interesting enough to beeasily noticedstriking contrast/similarity/parallel etca striking contrast between wealth andpovertyNoticeableadjacent towards the ground:They found him lying prostrate on thefloor.prostrate body/figure/form2 too shocked, upset, weak etc to beable to do anythingprostrate withJulie was prostrate with grief after herfather's death.Prostrate plant the height of an object or place abovethe seaaltitude ofWe're flying at an altitude of 40,000feet.high/low altitudesAt high altitudes it is difficult to getenough oxygen.to cover or protect something with amaterialGood insulation can save you moneyon heating bills.equator the equator an imaginary line drawnaround the middle of the Earth that isexactly the same distance from theNorth Pole and the South Poleon/at/near the equatora small village near the equatorbare Not coveredLand, hand, childprostrate lying on your front with your facewww.m-alimohammadi.comprevalent common at a particular time, in aparticular place, or among a particulargroup of peopleSolvent abuse is especially prevalentamong younger teenagers.the prevalent belief in astrologyPage 5
TPO 1 – 30moss a very small green plant that grows in a thicksoft furry mass on wet soil, trees, or rocks—mossy adjective:a high, mossy wall خزه Dwell populate, dwell, live, inhabitThey dwelt in the forest.Limb an arm or leg implant, engraft, embed, imbed, plantA piece of glass was embedded in herhand.Feelings of guilt are deeply embeddedin her personalityEmbedTPO2 Reading 1 Lung- gill- Disguise- affinity- dwelllimb- embedPrecious- detect- expose- vestigeportion- rearPropulsionLung one of the two organs in your bodythat you breathe with:Smoking can cause lung cancer شش Gill one of the organs on the sides of a fishthrough which it breathes آبشش Disguise a close relationship between twothings because of qualities or featuresthat they shareaffinity with/betweenthe affinity between Christian andChinese concepts of the spiritwww.m-alimohammadi.comValuableWe cannot afford to waste precioustime.planes delivering precious supplies ofmedicine and foodour planet's precious resourcesDetect detect, observe, find, discover, noticeMany forms of cancer can be cured ifdetected early.Dan detected a change in her mood.Expose hide, concealThere's no way you can disguise thatsouthern accent.Affinity Preciousexpose, exhibit, displayPotatoes turn green when exposed tolight.The report revealed that workers hadbeen exposed to high levels ofradiation.Vestige 1 a small part or amount of somethingthat remains when most of it no longerexists [ trace]vestige ofThe new law removed the last vestigesof royal power.2 the smallest possible amount of aquality or feelingPage 6
TPO 1 – 30 vestige ofThere's not a vestige of truth in thestory.Portion a part of something larger, especiallya part that is different from the otherpartsportion ofThe front portion of the rocket nThe main character's childhood takesup a good portion of the film.Rear the rear the back part of an object,vehicle, or building, or a position at theback of an object or area [ front]a garden at the rear of the housea passenger travelling in the rear of acar accelerate the force that drives a vehicle forward[ propel]research into liquid hydrogen as ameans of propulsionReading2 approximately- accelerate- ridgerunoff- deterioration- arid- semiariddelicate- phenomena- diminishcultivation- graze- irrigation- devoid ofsusceptible- erosion- dominanttrample- pulverization- salinizationsink- drainage- evaporatetremendous- rigorous Nearly, almostThe plane will be landing inapproximately 20 minutes.www.m-alimohammadi.coma long area of high land, especially atthe top of a mountain:We made our way carefully along theridge.Runoff rain or other liquid that flows off theland into riversdeteriorate Decay, worsenEthel's health has deteriorated.America's deteriorating economyarid DryWater from the Great Lakes is pumpedto arid regions.Delicate Fragile, frail, vulnerableThe sun can easily damage a child'sdelicate skin.a delicate childher delicate featuresphenomenon Approximately accelerate, speed up, speed, quickenmeasures to accelerate the rate ofeconomic growthThe car accelerated smoothly away.ridge Propulsion How much do think it will cost,approximately? Eventsomething that happens or exists insociety, science, or nature, especiallysomething that is studied because it isdifficult to understandphenomenon ofthe growing phenomenon oftelecommutingPage 7
TPO 1 – 30 Homelessness is not a newphenomenon.Language is a social and culturalphenomenon.Diminish decrease, diminish, lessen, fallThese drugs diminish blood flow to thebrain.But that's not to diminish theimportance of his discoveries.cultivate crop, workThe land was too rocky to cultivate.We cultivated maize and watermelonsgraze crop, browse, graze, range, pastureGroups of cattle were grazing on therich grass.fields where they used to graze theirsheepirrigate water, irrigateThe water in Lake Powell is used toirrigate the area.erosion dominate to be completely lacking in something:His face was devoid of any warmth orhumour.trample likely to suffer from a particular illnessor be affected by a particular problem[ immune]susceptible toOlder people are more susceptible toinfections.Soil on the mountain slopes is verysusceptible to erosion.www.m-alimohammadi.comto step heavily on something, so thatyou crush it with your feettrample on/over/through etcThere was a small fence to stoppeople trampling on the flowers.trample somebody/somethingunderfootThe children were in danger of beingtrampled underfoot in the crowd.Pulverization susceptible mastercontrol, commandThe industry is dominated by fivemultinational companies.New Orleans dominated throughoutthe game.Her loud voice totally dominated theconversation.Education issues dominated theelection campaign. Devoid of the process by which rock or soil isgradually destroyed by wind, rain, orthe sea:the problem of soil erosionthe erosion of the coastlineto crush something into a powder:The seeds can be used whole orpulverized into flour.Salinization containing or consisting of salt:saline solutionsink sink, settle, go down, go underTheir motorboat struck a rock andbegan to sink.The kids watched as the coin sank tothe bottom of the pool.Page 8
TPO 1 – 30 The heavy guns sank up to theirbarrels in the mud.Drain consume, eat up, use up, eat, deplete,exhaust, run through, wipe outto make the water or liquid insomething flow away:The swimming pool is drained andcleaned every winter.consume consume, eat up, use up, eat, deplete,exhaust, run through, wipe outto use time, energy, goods etc [ consumption]:Only 27% of the paper we consume isrecycled.A smaller vehicle will consume lessfuel.initialEvaporate Vaporiseif a liquid evaporates, or if heatevaporates it, it changes into a gas:Most of the water had evaporated.The sun evaporates moisture on theleaves.tremendous very big, fast, powerful etc:Suddenly, there was a tremendousbang, and the whole station shook.She was making a tremendous effortto appear calm.She praised her husband for thetremendous support he had given her.Sales have been tremendous so farthis year.This plan could save us a tremendousamount of money.rigorous careful, thorough, and exact:a rigorous analysis of defence needsthe rigorous standards required by thecollege arcade 1AATBB a covered passage at theside of a row of buildings with pillarsand arches supporting it on one side2 a covered passage between twostreets with shops on each side of it3 British English also shoppingarcadeBBT a large building or part of abuilding where there are many shops4DL an amusement arcade:arcade games Salon parlorvaudeville Reading 3 Consumption- initial- arcade- parlorsvaudeville- Legitimate- spectaclespectator- manipulation- Expandminute- minusculewww.m-alimohammadi.comhappening at the beginning [ first]:an initial investment of 5000initial stage/phase/periodthe initial stages of the diseaseThe initial response has beenencouraging.a type of theatre entertainment,popular from the 1880s to the 1950s,in which there were many shortperformances of different kinds,including singing, dancing, jokes etc[ music hall]legitimate air or reasonable:That's a perfectly legitimate question.Most scientists believe it is legitimatePage 9
TPO 1 – 30 to use animals in medical research.2 acceptable or allowed by law:Their business operations are perfectlylegitimate.3SSC a legitimate child is born toparents who are legally married toeach other [ illegitimate]TPO 3Reading 1 spectacle 1 a very impressive show or scene:a multimedia dance and operaspectacle2 [usually singular] an unusual orinteresting thing or situation that yousee or notice - used especially in orderto show disapproval:The trial was turned into a publicspectacle.spectator someone who is watching an event orgame [ audience]:The match attracted over 40,000spectators.manipulation manipulate, keep in line, controlsoftware designed to store andmanipulate dataYou can integrate text with graphicsand manipulate graphic images.expand EnlargeWater expands as it freezes.The computer industry has expandedgreatly over the last decade.Minute- minuscule SmallTinyaspiration a strong desire to have or achievesomething [ ambition]:a high level of political aspirationaspiration ofthe aspirations of the working classestexture the way a surface or material feelswhen you touch it, especially howsmooth or rough it issmooth/silky/rough etc. texturethe smooth texture of silka designer who experiments withdifferent colours and textures بافت harmony when people live or work togetherwithout fighting or disagreeing witheach other:I do believe it is possible for differentethnic groups to live together inharmony.the pleasant effect made by differentthings that form an attractive whole:the harmony of sea and skyshelter www.m-alimohammadi.comAspiration- texture- harmony- shelterenhance- inspiration- delightcontribute- enrich- feasible- mediocretrace- dramatically- devise- gravitywithstand- integral- enclose- interiorplumbing- permanence- arduouspiling- curve-brick- segmenthorizontal-a place to live, considered as one ofthe basic needs of life:They are in need of food and shelter.Page 10
TPO 1 – 30 2 [uncountable] protection from dangeror from wind, rain, hot sun etcshelter ofWe reached the shelter of the caves.enhance to improve something:Good lighting will enhance any room.The publicity has enhanced hisreputationintensify, compound, heighten, deepenbetter, improve, amend, ameliorate,meliorateinspiration a good idea about what you should do,write, say etc, especially one whichyou get suddenlyThe Malvern Hills have providedinspiration for many artists andmusicians over the decades.He raised his eyes to the altar as ifseeking inspiration.He draws inspiration from ordinaryscenes.Mary Quant's inspiration comes fromthe glam style of the 70s.He had a sudden flash of inspiration.He has always been a source ofinspiration for me. الهام delight a feeling of great pleasure andsatisfactionThe kids were screaming with delight.It was a delight to see him so fit andhealthy.contribute to give money, help, ideas etc tosomething that a lot of other peopleare also involved incontribute to/towardsCity employees cannot contribute topolitical campaigns.www.m-alimohammadi.comenrich to improve the quality of something,especially by adding things to it:Add fertilizer to enrich the soil.Education can greatly enrich your life.better, improve, amend, ameliorate,melioratefeasible Possible- practicala plan, idea, or method that is feasibleis possible and is likely to work:a feasible solutioneconomically/technically/politically etcfeasibleIt was no longer financially feasible tokeep the community centre open.mediocre not very good [ second rate]:I thought the book was prettymediocre.a mediocre studenttrace find somebody/something to findsomeone or something that hasdisappeared by searching for themcarefully:She had given up all hope of tracingher missing daughter.Police are trying to trace a youngwoman who was seen near theaccident.origins to find the origins of whensomething began or where it camefromtrace something (back) to somethingThey've traced their ancestry toScotland.The style of these paintings can betraced back to early medievalinfluences.dramatically great and suddenPage 11
TPO 1 – 30 dramatic change/shift/improvementComputers have brought dramaticchanges to the n etcUniversities have suffered a dramaticdrop in student numbers.dramatic effect/resultsA serious accident can have adramatic effect on your family'sfinances.devise invent, contrive, devise, excogitate,formulate, forgeShe devised a method for quickercommunications between offices.gravity the force that causes something to fallto the ground or to be attracted toanother جاذبه the extreme and worrying seriousnessof a situationgravity ofI could not hide from her the gravity ofthe situation.The penalties should be proportionateto the gravity of the offence.enclose interior [ resist, stand up to]:defy, withstand,hold, hold upThis fabric can withstand steam andhigh temperatures. forming a necessary part ofsomething: essential, necessary,neededVegetables are an integral part of ourdiet.integral toStatistics are integral to medicalresearch.www.m-alimohammadi.comthe pipes that water flows through in abuilding:We keep having problems with theplumbingpermanence continuing to exist for a long time or forall the time in the future [ temporary]:He gave up a permanent job in orderto freelance.a permanent change in your eatinghabitsThe blindness that the disease causeswill be permanent.arduous integral the inner part or inside of something [ exterior]:The interior of the church was dark.the car's warm interiorplumbing withstand to surround something, especially witha fence or wall, in order to make itseparate: confineThe pool area is enclosed by a six-footwall.an enclosed areainvolving a lot of strength and effortarduous task/workthe arduous task of loading all theboxes into the vanpile Gatherto fill a place or container or cover asurface with a large amount of thingspile something into/onto etc somethingHe piled bread and milk into hisbasket.Melissa piled spaghetti onto her platePage 12
TPO 1 – 30curve a line that gradually bends like part ofa circlecurve ofthe curve of her hipsa sweeping curve of railroad track کج خم brick a hard block of baked clay used forbuilding walls, houses etc:a brick walla house made of brickProtesters attacked the police withstones and bricks. آجر segment a part of something that is differentfrom or affected differently from thewhole in some waysegment ofsegments of the populationHorizontal flat and level:a horizontal surface—horizontally adverbOpposite [ diagonal, vertical drill Rancher- accumulate- drill- droughtensuing- negligible- virtuallyreplenish- drastically- incentiveconserve- grandiose- capillary waterstrain- scheme- negligible a long period of dry weather whenthere is not enough water for plantsand animals to live خشکسالی ensuing someone who owns or works on arancha very large farm in the western USand Canada where sheep, cattle, orhorses are bred دامدار accumulate happening after a particular action orevent, especially as a result of itthe ensuing battle/conflict/debate etcIn the ensuing fighting, two studentswere killed.the ensuing days/months/years etc( the days, months etc after an event)The situation deteriorated over theensuing weeksnegligible Rancher to make a hole in something using adrill:Drill a hole in each corner.drill into/throughHe accidentally drilled into a waterpipe.droughtReading2 compile, hoardIt is unjust that a privileged few shouldcontinue to accumulate wealththe accumulation of datatoo slight or unimportant to have anyeffect [ insignificant]:The damage done to his property wasnegligible.virtually Almostalmost [ practically]:Virtually all the children come toschool by bus.He was virtually unknown beforerunning for office.collect, accumulate, pile up, amass,www.m-alimohammadi.comPage 13
TPO 1 – 30replenish refill, fill againfill, fill up, make fullMore vaccines are needed to replenishour stocks.grandiose drastically extreme and suddendrastic action/measuresNATO threatened drastic action if itsterms were not met.drastic cuts in government spendingDrastic changes are needed ifenvironmental catastrophe is to beavoided.—drastically /-kli/ adverb:The size of the army was drasticallycutincentive something that encourages you towork harder, start a new activity etc:As an added incentive, there's a bottleof champagne for the best team.create/provide/give somebody anincentiveAwards provide an incentive for youngpeople to improve their skills.incentive to do somethingFarmers lack any incentive to managetheir land organically.economic/financial/tax etc incentivesa recycling drive backed with financialincentives scheme preserve, maintain, keep upto protect something and prevent itfrom changing or being damaged [ preserve]:We must conserve our woodlands forfuture generations.efforts to conserve fish stockswww.m-alimohammadi.coman official plan that is intended to helppeople in some way, for example byproviding education or training [ programThe money will be used for teachertraining schemes.a pension schemeCapillary water Water in the soilstrain StressI couldn't look after him any more; thestrain was too much for me.Did you find the job a strain?the stresses and strains of police life2) difficultyThe dry summer has further increasedthe strain on water resourcesReading 3 انگیزه مشوق conservegrandiose plans sound very importantor impressive, but are not practicalgrandiose scheme/plan/idea etcgrandiose schemes of urban renewalSuccession- cumulative- pondrelatively- invasion- pest- resilienceniche- vacate-intact-succession 1 in succession happening one afterthe other without anything differenthappening in between:She won the championship four timesin succession.in quick/rapid/close succession( quickly one after the other)He fired two shots in quick succession.2 a succession of something a numberof people or things of the same kindfollowing, coming or happening onePage 14
TPO 1 – 30 after the other:A succession of visitors came to thedoor.cumulative increasing gradually as more ofsomething is added or happens:Learning is a cumulative process.cumulative effect (of something)Depression is often caused by thecumulative effects of stress andoverwork.pond a small area of fresh water that issmaller than a lake, that is eithernatural or artificially made حوضچه during the war. niche Gap, holevacate LeaveClay will vacate the position on June19.Guests must vacate their rooms by11:00.intact not broken, damaged, or spoiled:Only the medieval tower had remainedintact.His reputation survived intact.relatively Fairly, almostThe system is relatively easy to use.E-commerce is a relatively recentphenomenon. نسبتا invasion TPO 4Reading 1 enter, come in, get into, get in, go into,go in, move intoEvery summer the town is invaded bytourists.Fans invaded the pitch at half-time.The Romans invaded Britain 2000years ago.pest a small animal or insect that destroyscrops or food supplies [ vermin]:a chemical used in pest control آفت resilience Toughnessthe resilience of youthPeople showed remarkable resiliencewww.m-alimohammadi.comPrevalent- prairie- marsh- understoryinhibit- meadow- browse- fair weatherdecay- dormancy- hibernating- cedarhuckleberry- hemlock- alder- arborealfodder- fluctuate- bemoan- in the samebreath- elk- expedition- starvationpicturesquely- dot- exterminationplight- encroach- logging- annualrebound- predator- cougar- lynxprofound- gamePrevalent accepted, widespreadprevalent in/among etcSolvent abuse is especially prevalentamong younger teenagers.the prevalent belief in astrologyPage 15
TPO 1 – 30prairie Grassland, meadow, pasture, plaindecay marsh Swamp, bog,swampland باتالق The crane lives in marshy habitats.understory Undergrowth, under grassA layer of vegetation beneath the maincanopy of forestinhibit Restrict, constraint, hinder, impede,obstructAn unhappy family life may inhibitchildren's learning.Recording the meeting may inhibitpeople from expressing their realviews.meadow Look around, look through, peruse,grazeJon was browsing through thephotographs.The trip allows you plenty of time forbrowsing around the shops.tourists browsing the boutiques andsouvenir stallsFair- weather dormancy Inaction, inactivity, inertia,The seeds remain dormant until thespring.a hugedormant volcanohibernatingverb lie dormant; sleep through coldweathercedar سرو huckleberry a small dark-blue North American fruitthat grows on a bushGrassy land, grassy field, pasture,plain, prairiebrowse Rot, break down, collapse, deteriorate,corrosion,to be slowly destroyed by a naturalchemical process, or to makesomething do thisMost archaeological finds are broken,damaged, or decayed.Untrustworthy, dishonest, false,disloyal, unreliable, unsafeFair-weather friendwww.m-alimohammadi.comhemlock شوکران alder توسکا arboreal fodder علوفه درختی fluctuate Oscillate, vary, alternate, waver, keepchangingPrices were volatile, fluctuatingbetween 20 and 40.Insect populationsfluctuatewildlyfrom year to year.Page 16
TPO 1 – 30 bemoanverb express sorrowComplain, regret, mourn,He wasbemoaning the fact thatlawyers charge so much.in the same breath used to say that someone has saidtwo things at once that are so differentfrom each other they cannot both betrue:immediatelyHe criticized the film, then predicted inthe same breath that it would be agreat success.elk گوزن شمالی expedition Journey, exploration, quest, tor, travel,tripan expedition to the North Poleanother Everest expeditiona shopping expeditiona fishing expeditionstarvation Hunger, famine, malnutritionpeople dying of starvationpicturesquely Beautiful, attractive, charming, colorfula quiet fishing village with apicturesque harboura picturesque account of his trip toNew Yorkdot if an area is dotted with things, thereare a lot of them there but they arespread far apartbe dotted with somethingThe lake was dotted with sailboats.www.m-alimohammadi.comextermination Destruction, elimination, extinction,eradicationStaff use the poison to exterminatemoles and rabbits.plight
TPO 1 - 30 www.m-alimohammadi.com Page 3 Champion back, endorse, indorse, plump for, plunk for, support of the way.She championed the cause of religious
