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Meyer BeakleyASTM INTERNATIONALSelected Technical PapersConcrete Pipe and Box CulvertsSTP 1601ASTM INTERNATIONALHelping our world work betterwww.astm.orgASTM InternationalISBN: 978-0-8031-7645-4Stock #: STP1601Concrete Pipeand Box CulvertsSTP 1601Editors:John J. MeyerJosh Beakley

Selected Technical PapersSTP1601Editors: John J. Meyer and Josh BeakleyConcrete Pipe andBox CulvertsASTM STOCK #STP1601DOI: 10.1520/STP1601-EBASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959Printed in the U.S.A.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataNames: Meyer, John, 1952- editor. Beakley, Josh, 1967- editor. ASTMInternational, sponsoring body.Title: Concrete pipe and box culverts / editors, John Meyer, Josh Beakley.Description: West Conshohocken, PA : ASTM International, [2017] Series:Selected technical papers ; STP1601 Papers presented at a symposium heldDecember 7, 2016, in Orlando, Florida, USA sponsored by ASTM InternationalCommittee C13 on Concrete Pipe. “ASTM Stock #STP1601.” Includesbibliographical references.Identifiers: LCCN 2017019653 (print) LCCN 2017019985 (ebook) ISBN9780803176461 (ebook) ISBN 9780803176454 (pbk.)Subjects: LCSH: Concrete culverts--Congresses.Classification: LCC TE213 (ebook) LCC TE213 .C66 2017 (print) DDC625.7/342--dc23LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017019653ISBN: 978-0-8031-7645-4Copyright 2017 ASTM INTERNATIONAL, West Conshohocken, PA. All rights reserved. This material maynot be reproduced or copied, in whole or in part, in any printed, mechanical, electronic, film, or otherdistribution and storage media, without the written consent of the publisher.Photocopy RightsAuthorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or educational classroom use, or the internal,personal, or educational classroom use of specific clients, is granted by ASTM International provided thatthe appropriate fee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923,Tel: (978) 646-2600; http://www.copyright.com/The Society is not responsible, as a body, for the statements and opinions expressed in this publication.ASTM International does not endorse any products represented in this publication.Peer Review PolicyEach paper published in this volume was evaluated by two peer reviewers and at least one editor. Theauthors addressed all of the reviewers’ comments to the satisfaction of both the technical editor(s) andthe ASTM International Committee on Publications.The quality of the papers in this publication reflects not only the obvious efforts of the authors and thetechnical editor(s), but also the work of the peer reviewers. In keeping with long-standing publicationpractices, ASTM International maintains the anonymity of the peer reviewers. The ASTM InternationalCommittee on Publications acknowledges with appreciation their dedication and contribution of timeand effort on behalf of ASTM International.Citation of PapersWhen citing papers from this publication, the appropriate citation includes the paper authors, “papertitle,” STP title, STP number, book editor(s), ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, year, pagerange, paper doi, listed in the footnote of the paper. A citation is provided on page one of each paper.Printed in Bay Shore, NYJune, 2017

ForewordTHIS COMPILATION OF Selected Technical Papers, STP1601, Concrete Pipe andBox Culverts, contains peer-reviewed papers that were presented at a symposiumheld December 7, 2016, in Orlando, Florida, USA. The symposium was sponsored byASTM International Committee C13 on Concrete Pipe.Symposium Chairpersons and STP Editors:John J. MeyerConsultantWales, WI, USAJosh BeakleyAmerican Concrete Pipe AssociationIrving, TX, USA

ContentsOverview viiLap Weld Strength of Reinforced Concrete Pipe Cages George Hand II, David Schnerch, and Kimberly L. Spahn1The History and Application of the Three-Edge Bearing Test for Concrete Pipe Eric Carleton, Steve Hiner, and John Kurdziel18The Evolution of the Application of Highway Live Loads to Buried Concrete Pipe Josh Beakley28Research and Concepts Behind the ASTM C1818 Specification for Synthetic FiberConcrete Pipes Ashley Wilson, Ali Abolmaali, Yeonho Park, and Emmanuel AttiogbeHistory of Reinforced Concrete Low-Head Pressure Pipe Design Corey L. Haeder4250History of the ASTM Specifications for Precast Reinforced ConcreteBox Culvert Sections Steven J. DelloRusso and George Wayne Hodge59GFRP Reinforcements in Box Culvert Bridge: A Case Study AfterTwo Decades of Service Omid Gooranorimi, John Myers, and Antonio Nanni75Structural Design of ASTM C361 Low Head Pressure Pipe Joints Corey L. Haeder89Evolution of Precast Box Culvert Joint and Sealing Pardeep Sharma118Calculation Variations Between the Indirect and Direct Design Methods Shawn R. Coombs and John Kurdziel135v

OverviewAs we approach the end of the second decade of the twenty-first century, we mustcontinue to move forward with an enlightened vision, building on the tremendous advancements made by the concrete pipe industry since its formation in the early 1900s.This series of selected technical papers (STP) was published as the end-result ofthe December 2016 symposium on Concrete Pipe and Box Culverts, held in Orlando,Florida. The event was sponsored by ASTM Committee C13 on Concrete Pipe.The objectives of this symposium were to present historical information on theevolution of specifications and manufacturing technology; describe new design andinstallation procedures; discuss innovative applications and uses; introduce newtechnologies for concrete pipe products; and to both discuss and determine the useof, and the need for, new ASTM standards for these products.Concrete pipe products include circular pipe, box culverts, and manholes, alongwith all the other various shapes of pipe, and the innovative applications of precastconcrete drainage devices.The symposium met its objectives because of the countless hours dedicated to thisundertaking by the authors/presenters. Not to be overlooked are the additional hoursdonated by those who performed peer reviews. These steps assure the internationalscientific and engineering community a quality publication.Symposium Co-Chairmen and EditorsJohn J. Meyer, P.E.Josh Beakley, P.E.ConsultantAmerican Concrete Pipe Assoc.Wales, WIIrving, TXvii

Meyer BeakleyASTM INTERNATIONALSelected Technical PapersConcrete Pipe and Box CulvertsSTP 1601ASTM INTERNATIONALHelping our world work betterwww.astm.orgASTM InternationalISBN: 978-0-8031-7645-4Stock #: STP1601Concrete Pipeand Box CulvertsSTP 1601Editors:John J. MeyerJosh Beakley

Corey L. Haeder History of the ASTM Specifications for Precast Reinforced Concrete Box Culvert Sections 59 Steven J. DelloRusso and George Wayne Hodge GFRP Reinforcements in Box Culvert Bridge: A Case Study After Two Decades of Service 75 Omid Gooranorimi, John Myers, and Antonio Nanni Structural Design of ASTM C361 Low Head Pressure Pipe Joints 89