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Foundation Quarterly Report Q1 2017SMART COLUMBUS ELECTRIFICATION PROGRAM QUARTERLYACTIVITY REPORTCreated for Paul G. Allen Family Foundation (Foundation)January – March, 2017ContentsEXECUTIVE SUMMARY . 2Section 1: QUARTER IN REVIEW . 71.1Progress/Successes . 81.2Select External Events / Speaking Engagements . 141.3Key Meetings / Visits . 161.4Contracts and Partner Agreement Status . 17Completed: . 17In Progress: . 171.5Important Updates / Milestones . 181.6Media Relations . 191.7Public Policy . 20Section 2: INDICATOR STATUS TABLES . 222.1Priority 1, De-carbonization and Grid Modernization . 222.2Priority 2 – Fleet Adoption. 232.3Priority 4 – Consumer Adoption . 242.4Priority 5 – Charging Infrastructure. 26Section 3: DETAILED PRIORITY ACTIVITIES AND STATUS TABLES. 283.1Priority 1 - Decarbonization/Grid Modernization . 283.2Priority 2 - Fleet Adoption. 293.3Priority 4 - Consumer Adoption . 303.4Priority 5 - Charging Infrastructure . 31APPENDIX A - RISK REGISTER . 34APPENDIX B – PERFORMANCE METRICS PLAN. 371
Foundation Quarterly Report Q1 2017EXECUTIVE SUMMARYWinning the Smart City Challenge has served as a radical catalyst for the Columbus region tocreate a vision and a set of goals around sustainability and the future of mobility. Theexcitement and energy around making Columbus a “Smart” and “Connected” City is evident bythe extensive media coverage, speaking requests and partnership offerings. The work will beplanned and executed using “the Columbus Way” by engaging our public, private, academicand nonprofit partners. This approach will ensure that the City of Columbus exceeds theexpectations of its generous and committed funders.The resources and expertise granted by the Paul G. Allen (Vulcan) Foundation has helped theCity and its key implementation partners including The Columbus Partnership, The Ohio StateUniversity (OSU) and American Electric Power (AEP) develop a strong tactical electrificationplan that will result in Greenhouse Gas emission reductions in Columbus and the seven-countycentral Ohio region.This report details the grant program activities undertaken and the outcomes achieved by theSmart Columbus Electrification Program during the first quarter of 2017. 90 million in local matching funds were included in the Smart City Challenge grant applications.These funds have now grown to over 360 million. This additional investment in clean energyinitiatives, illustrates that Columbus is committed to ensuring the sustainability of its smart cityefforts. The goal is to increase this investment to 1 billion by the year 2020.The following table details how Columbus has leveraged the Smart City Challenge Grants toform partnerships to financially support the programmatic goals of reducing and replacingcarbon-based fuel usage with clean energy sources.Exhibit ES-1: Partner AgreementsPartnerOriginalStatusValueAEP 22.8M SignedAdditionalCommitment 152.6MOSU 7.5M Signed--TheColumbusPartnershipMORPCfleetcarmaDC Solar 7.5M Signed-- 600,000 Signed 300,000 Signed 1.2M Signed---2FocusRenewable energy powersupply, grid modernization,electric vehicle (EV) chargingPower supply decarbonization,grid modernization, EVcharging, researchPrivate fleet electrification,workplace EV charging,consumer EV adoptionPublic EV chargingPrivate fleet electrificationRenewable energy supply, EVcharging
Foundation Quarterly Report Q1 2017Daimler-- NegotiatingFord-- NegotiatingHonda-- NegotiatingElectrifyAmericaIGS EnergyTotalGrandTotal-- Negotiating-- Negotiating 39.9MTBD EV models in market, EVchargingTBD EV models in market, EVcharging, EV showroomTBD EV models in market, EVcharging, researchTBD EV charging, consumereducation 1M Residential EV charging 153.6M 193.5MMayor Andrew Ginther is committed to the recently developed Smart Columbus purposestatement, “To lead Columbus to the future and ensure your place in it.” A future, which isrooted in the goals of increased sustainability, greater safety, open mobility and equitableopportunity. To that end, the Mayor hired the City’s first Chief Innovation Officer (CIO), MichaelStevens, who is responsible for the Smart Columbus Initiative, which includes oversight of the 50 million Smart City Challenge grant and long term plans and partnerships needed to ensureColumbus is positioned for the future of smart technology and mobility. The city’s CIO will workin tandem with a new Vice President of Smart Cities at The Columbus Partnership (a 501(c)(3),membership-based organization of CEOs from Columbus’ leading businesses and institutions)to achieve this vision.As work with the Foundation progresses to finalize the electrification plan and grant agreement,the city and its partners are proud of the work and achievements that have occurred in the firstquarter of 2017, which include but are not limited to: The process of developing strong partnerships with several automotive OriginalEquipment Manufacturers (OEMs) including Daimler, Ford, and Honda to increase EVmodel availability, increase consumer awareness and demand, and to assist with EVcharging opportunities in the seven-county central Ohio region is well underway. The Public Utilities Commission of Ohio (PUCO) approved American Electric Power’s(AEP) deployment of Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI). In collaboration with partners a strong brand and messaging platform for SmartColumbus has been created that will enable the ability to “tell the Smart Columbus” storyat the local, national and international level. The Smart Columbus team and partners have been sharing the Columbus story andbuilding awareness of programmatic electrification goals through media relations, paneldiscussions and presentations.The overarching goal of the electrification plan is to measurably decrease light dutytransportation greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through five priority areas:decarbonization, electric fleet adoption, multi-model transportation systems, consumer electric3
Foundation Quarterly Report Q1 2017vehicle adoption and charging infrastructure. A high-level summary of the achievements foreach priority is included below.Priority 1: Decarbonization and Grid Modernization: AEP Ohio received approval from thePublic Utilities Commission of Ohio (PUCO) for its Energy Efficiency and Peak DemandReduction Program Portfolio Plan on January 18, 2017. Approval of this plan allows AEP Ohioto fulfill its commitment to invest 55 million in energy efficiency programs in Columbus and thesurrounding seven counties.AEP Ohio also received PUCO approval for the gridSMART Phase 2 filing on February 1, 2017.Approval of this filing allows AEP Ohio to proceed with the deployment of 528,000 automatedmeter infrastructure (AMI) meters valued at approximately 97.5 million.AEP Ohio’s application to amend its Electric Security Plan is still pending at the PUCO. If thatapplication is approved, AEP Ohio would have approval to proceed with deploying micro-gridand battery storage technology, EVSE infrastructure and smart lighting technology.Other Decarbonization and Grid priority progress includes: A negotiated agreement between The City of Columbus Division of Power and AEP toobtain AEP’s technical support to restore the O’Shaughnessy Dam hydroelectricgenerator to full functionality A plan for deployment of 10 portable electric vehicle charging stations provided by DCSolar An agreement between AEP and Columbus Division of Power to share metering networkinfrastructure for AMI implementationPriority 2: Fleet Electric Vehicle Adoption: EV acquisition plans for the City of Columbus, TheOhio State University (OSU), Franklin County, and AEP have been developed. TheElectrification Coalition provided third-party validation and noted that the city’s plans, “arecomprehensive, and demonstrate that Columbus is in a strong position to shift to EVs.” The firstphase of this deployment, to be completed in 2017, includes 109 vehicles spread across sixorganizations within the city.Progress on the Fleet Priority for this quarter includes: Framework established for Private Sector engagement Four fleet vehicle acquisition and analysis plans completed Non-binding letters of intent signed between AEP and Clean Fuels Ohio and Workhorseto procure up to 500 EV Trucks over a two year periodPriority 3: Transit, Autonomous and Multi-Modal Systems: This priority is a part of theSmart Columbus program driven by the USDOT grant. Deployment of the 15 USDOT projects isslated for 2018 and the first half of 2019. Partnership and collaborative opportunities are beingpursued with automakers for USDOT grant projects, including: connected vehicle environment;smart logistics; first mile/last mile solutions for underserved community members; and4
Foundation Quarterly Report Q1 2017multimodal trip planning and common payment system devised to facilitate the unbankedcommunity members.The city also remains committed to other modes of travel such as bicycles. Bicycle infrastructureremains a top priority of the city. Current design has arranged for approximately 30 streetsegments expected to be under construction in 2017 that will involve bikeways work.Projects expected to be completed in 2017 will add: 3.6 miles of bike lanes 3.5 miles of shared-use path 0.8 miles of sharrowsProjects expected to begin work in 2017 will add: 2 miles of bike lanes 4 miles of shared-use path 2 miles of sharrowsPriority 4: Consumer Adoption: The Consumer Adoption team has conducted acomprehensive landscape assessment to build the foundation for an integrated strategic roadmap that will be completed by June 2017.The Program Management Office (PMO) and Columbus Partnership are in detailed discussionswith automakers Daimler, Ford, and Honda about their desired commitments to the program onseveral initiatives, including: Providing more EV models and number of EVs (used and new) to the seven-countycentral Ohio region over the next three yearsProviding more robust dealer training and engagement on EV salesIncreasing advertising and assisting with customer education efforts of EVs to helpeducate consumers and reduce range anxietyCoordinating with the program’s EV showcase, an initiative that will be established toeducate and inform local residents, visitors, stakeholders, and other cities andleadership delegations from around the world about how Columbus is becoming a SmartCityCoordinating with the ride and drive initiativesCoordinating and collaborating on EV charging initiatives and incentivesAs the program progresses, the Program Management Office will continue to seek outadditional automakers as partners.Priority 5: Charging Infrastructure: Charging infrastructure has been a focus for the SmartColumbus team as the success of consumer adoption and deployment of electric vehicles, bothprivate and public, relies on such infrastructure. The progress this quarter includes:5
Foundation Quarterly Report Q1 2017 Establishment of a multi-unit dwelling (MUD) rebate program for the 7-county centralOhio regionDevelopment of pledge forms to install EV charging infrastructure sites by Quarter 2 forthe 7-county region by the end of 2017. Six developers have signed the pledge formsto dateSelection of Year 1 workplace charging sitesIdentification of at least 10 potential sites mobile charging units provided by DC SolarInstallation of 39 charging stations with provisions for 33 more at Abercrombie & FitchInstallation of 6 private and 2 public charging stations by Franklin CountyInterviews of14 charging station and equipment vendors conducted on March 27th and28thCharging station vendor exposition planned for April 24, 2017. 150 members of thecommunity will be able to interact directly with equipment suppliers and learn aboutavailable charging technologiesThe City of Columbus is committed to being a strong partner of the Paul G. Allen FamilyFoundation. This quarterly report serves as a crucial communication tool to share successesand challenges along with progress made through use of data and narratives. The followingreport has been designed to be data-rich; providing the necessary performance indicators thatwill allow the Foundation to measure and evaluate program success and learnings.6
Foundation Quarterly Report Q1 2017Section 1: QUARTER IN REVIEWPRIORITY HIGHLIGHTSPrioritiesPriority 1 - Decarbonization/GridModernizationPriority 2 - FleetAdoption Priority 4 - ConsumerAdoption Priority 5 - ChargingInfrastructure HighlightsPUCO Approval for AMIUpdated Electrification PlanTechnical support agreement finalized betweenColumbus Division of Power and AEP for theO’Shaughnessy Dam hydro-electric project.Electrification Coalition’s EV suitability analysis reportrefinedElectrification plan updatedProgress made on Franklin County fleet analysis byClean Fuels OhioEV Adoption analysis of the OSU fleet completedDiscussion with the City of Seattle Electrification Teamabout adoption of heavy duty EVs for city fleetsElectrification plan updatedClean Fuels Ohio engagements now conducted underMidwest EVOLVE program, emphasizing events outsideof Columbus Market (except Columbus Auto Show)Memorandum of Understanding between City andColumbus Partnership finalizedRebranding of Smart Columbus in progressElectrification plan updatedMulti-unit dwelling rebate/grant draft guidelinesdevelopedPreliminary version of EVSE online questionnairecreatedEVSE Guidance document refinedProposed sites for Fleet Charging refinedDiscussion held with DC Solar about April site visits anddeployment schedule.EVSE industry survey distributed and awaitingresponses. https://kwiksurveys.com/s/h6i6EXOv7
Foundation Quarterly Report Q1 20171.1Progress/SuccessesRide and Drive Event AEP hosted a successful Ride and Drive event at their corporate headquarters topromote EV awareness.Over 200 test drives were conducted with feedback and perception surveys distributedfollowing the event.Seven AEP employees purchased Nissan Leafs due to a group purchase discount thatwas extended through AEP.8
Foundation Quarterly Report Q1 2017Communications An integrated communications team has been established to strategize, coordinate andcollaborate on communication efforts. The team is comprised of personnel from Citydepartments, private partners and consultants. The team has worked with a nationallyknown marketing firm to revamp the Smart Columbus brand and develop a strongmessaging platform that can be used to explain the “why” behind Smart Columbus. Theteam is planning a robust rollout of the new brand and messaging, which will beintegrated into the work of the technical teams and partners.We will schedule a meeting with the Paul G. Allen Family Foundation communicationsand marketing team to share the message platform and brand.Charging Infrastructure and Fleet Conversion Franklin County has 8 chargers, 6 dedicated to county vehicles and 2 others for publicuse. Public chargers are located at the Front street county garage (399 S. Front Street).The County also currently has 6 plug-in vehicles in service.9
Foundation Quarterly Report Q1 2017 As part of its commitment insupport of the Vulcan grant, TheOhio State University iscommitted to supporting thedeployment of electric vehiclesand other carbon emissionreduction strategies. While theuniversity already utilizes 26 lowspeed electric vehicles within itsfleet, Ohio State will be deployingits first electric Ford Focus, whichwill be used by the Traffic Controlunit within the Department ofTransportation and TrafficManagement. In order to promote the use of ElectricVehicles, Abercrombie & Fitchcompleted the installation of 39charging stations at their companyheadquarters in January, 2017.Abercrombie & Fitch sharedinformation with the Smart Columbusteam during the planning, design, andconstruction process. The Online Computer Library Center (OCLC), amember of the Columbus Partnership installedtheir first-ever charging stations on theircorporate campus10
Foundation Quarterly Report Q1 2017Existing key infrastructure includes charging stations at Easton Shopping Centre Easton has a selection of Chargepoint charging stations, including some DC Fastchargers that are available for public useOutreach and Knowledge Transfer The Smart Columbus Charging Work Group heldEVSE Presentations on March 27 & 28, 2017,where vendors had the opportunity to presenttheir products and provide additional informationabout offerings as they pertained to the variousSmart Columbus charging initiativesAll vendors that applied by the deadline havebeen approved for attendance to the SmartColumbus Electric Vehicle Charging Expo heldon April 24, 2017.Electronic invitations have been sent out to over500 community members.11
Foundation Quarterly Report Q1 2017 A follow up visit to theNetherlands resultedfrom the e-mobility tourthat was organized by theFoundation during Fall,2016. An Ohio delegationcomprised ofrepresentatives fromColumbus 2020,JobsOhio, FranklinCounty and many otherswere hosted by Brainport.During the 2017Automotive Week. This semester, OSUstudents have contributed tothe Smart ColumbusElectrification Programwhile earning theirundergraduate degree.Team members haveattended classes to listen tothe students report on theirprogress on practicalapplications of topics suchas Grid Modernization,Consumer Adoption of EV’s,Autonomous EV’s, andSmart Street Lighting. OnApril 18th, 2017, the students will present their work at an Environmental ProfessionalsNetwork breakfast; The Smart Columbus PMO will speak at thisevent.(https://eeds.osu.edu/)12
Foundation Quarterly Report Q1 2017Columbus GPS Traffic Heat Map In order to support Smart Columbus' public charging station initiative, NationalRenewable Energy Lab (NREL) has prepared a draft report to identify optimal locationsfor charging station placement.NREL acquired individual GPS travel trajectories from INRIX (a commercial traffic & mappingprovider). INRIX products are based on anonymized GPS data collected from hundreds ofmillions of devices. For this effort, INRIX provided NREL with all GPS travel trajectories (modeimputed as driving trips by INRIX) that intersected the Columbus region at any time during 2016.Each trajectory features trip-level data such as start and end times and GPS coordinates(including origins, destinations, and intermediate waypoints). The "heat map" depicted above isan illustration of the data provided by INRIX.NREL Draft Report Document: NREL ColumbusPevCharging v170331.docx.j29cb87.partialMulti Modal Advancements The city is committed to other modes of travel such as bicycles. Bicycle infrastructureremains a top priority of the city as illustrated by the following ngineers-using-bikes-better-survey-roads).Figure 1. illustrates success metrics of the city’s bike share program and Figure 2. Depictsthe City’s bike share locations managed by COGO13
Foundation Quarterly Report Q1 2017Fig. 2 - BikeShare LocationsFig. 1 - COGO Usage Summary1.2 Select External Events / Speaking EngagementsThe Edison Foundation Institute for ElectricInnovation: Power the People SmartCities,Smart Connections Representatives of the SmartColumbus Executive Committeeparticipated in a panel discussiondiscussing Smart City topics at theNational LAMPAC conferenceattended by Executives of the largestElectric Utilities and the InternationalBrotherhood of Electrical Workers.14
Foundation Quarterly Report Q1 2017Other Speaking EngagementsEventConsumerElectronic ashingtonDCAttending and speaking sessions related toEV’sNorth AmericanInternational AutoShowColumbusPartnership BoardMeetingSmart ColumbusMedia EventJanuaryFebruary--FebruaryColumbusMayor’s State ofthe CityWTS RegionalConferenceSmart State ForumFebruaryColumbusTRB WebinarFebruaryEngineer WeekLuncheonSmart StateLuncheonFebruaryMarchColumbusThe EdisonFoundationInstitute for ElectricInnovationNational LAMPACconferenceCM Hardin’sRoundtableACPA ConcreteGrou LuncheonWestervilleChamber ofCommerceMarchColumbusMarchWashingtonD.C. City hired new Chief Innovation Officerto oversee SCP Announced relocation of SmartColumbus Team to Idea Foundry Announced new “acceleration” fundcommitmenthttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v EyY7hRTlcY&sns emFebruaryFebruaryMarchMarchMarchColumbus15
Foundation Quarterly Report Q1 2017LuncheonOhio Builder’sExchangeExperienceColumbus BoardmeetingInnovations inTransportation &Smart CitiesJohn Glenn Schoolof Public AffairsDialogue SeriesSmart City HealthyCity – Ohio h, FLMarchColumbusMarchColumbusKey Meetings / VisitsA Charging and Decarbonization scope meeting was held on February 17, 2017, with theFoundation and GPD (city consultant) in order to evaluate the current timeline of theElectrification Plan agreement, as well as to establish a rough outline of priority tasks to becommenced by GPD. Additional meetings are listed in the table below.Company/AgencyColumbus PartnershipFordFleetcarmaClean Fuels OhioINRIXHondaDC SolarOSU Capstone Class (Consumer Adoption, Grid Modernization,EAVs)Smart Columbus Executive CommitteeMarysville Honda (Dealer)Huntington - (Smart Cols Exec Lead)Daimler (Head of Electrification)Electrify America (Head of Charging Infrastructure)Ford Smart City Solutions Team and ChariotLextant – Potential Research PartnerIntegrated Communications Team MeetingInterviews with Public Works Magazine and Business First ofColumbusRoundtable Discussion related to the Department of PublicService organized by Columbus City Council Member16DateJanuary 4, 5, 2017January 4, 2017January 5, 2017January 5, 2017January 6, 2017January 25, 2017February 24, 2017February 7 & 9, 2017February 1, 8 & 15, 2017February 16, 2017February 17, 2017February 23, 2017March 2, 2017March 1 – 2, 2017March 7March 8March 9March 9
Foundation Quarterly Report Q1 2017Westerville Chamber of Commerce Speaking Engagement(Regional Businesses)Columbus Auto ShowCity of Columbus Chief Innovation Officer StartsVulcan Visit to Columbus14 EVSE Vendors present & interview for Charging Work GroupMarch 14March 16 – 19March 20March 21 – 23March 27-28Other important events of note: 1.4The Mayor attended the 2017 Q1 Columbus Partnership Member Board Meeting wherea substantive update on Smart Columbus was providedThe Partnership’s End of Year event featured an Electric Vehicle Showroom thatshowcased different EV models for purchase and three multi-week test drives wereprovided to select members by DaimlerAEP submitted a letter of support expressing interest to study the deployment of a DCmicro-grid at the potential EV show room location in support of the DOE proposalbetween OSU and FordThe Columbus Partnership with the help of Electrification Coalition hosted ElectrifyAmerica for a very successful day visit to Columbus, where meetings were held withsenior leadership from AEP and the Smart Columbus programOhio State partnered with Ford for a DOE research grant to identify the potentialemissions and energy savings to be gained by starting on-demand shuttle service usingshuttle buses with electric powertrainsOhio State was invited by DOE to submit a full proposal to the Alternative FueledVehicles FOA. Upon grant award, 32 fuel cell electric zero emission vehicles will bedeployed across 5 communities in OhioContracts and Partner Agreement StatusCompleted: DC Solar cooperative agreement executed February, 2017Fleetcarma cooperative agreement executed February, 2017Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) agreement executed March, 2017Cooperative agreement between the City of Columbus and the Columbus Partnershipexecuted March, 2017In Progress: The City of Columbus reviewed and evaluated proposals leading to the selection of GPDas the program office consultant. The city is currently negotiating the contract.Columbus Partnership met with Electrification Coalition to initiate scope conversationsabout their role in consumer adoption, workplace charging, and private fleetconversation. Electrification Coalition has submitted a proposal to serve as the leadConsumer Adoption NGO partner and assist with the national strategy and corporateworkplace program.17
Foundation Quarterly Report Q1 20171.5Important Updates / MilestonesCharging Station Installations and Scope Identification and analysis of 99 potential public EV charging sites completed.Identification of at least 20 multi-unit dwellings for multi-unit electric vehicle chargingoutreach completed. Meetings held with 3 developers.Vendor Questionnaire to prepare for Vendor Exposition completedLook Ahead DC Solar visit to identify potential Solar Units locations – April 10Smart Columbus Electric Vehicle Charging Expo April 24Weekly Reporting RecordDocuments for the Foundation program were formally submitted on the following dates: January 19 & 26, 2017February 2, 9, 16, & 23, 2017March 2, 9, 16, 23, & 30, 2017Program Risk Related Activities The current Risk Register is located at Appendix A of this documentPlaybook Development ProgressThe intent of the playbook is to identify processes and lessons learned to assist with knowledgetransfer across all priorities. Playbook development will begin after grant award and consultantselection. Below is a list of items related to the playbook. Status will be provided in the nextquarterly report:ITEMSmart Columbus ShowroomSTATUSAirport ActivationEV-related and OEM dominatedconferencesEstablish an international advisory18NOTESA possible location for an EVshowroom has been identified and iscurrently being evaluated.
Foundation Quarterly Report Q1 2017committeeMultimedia StorytellingDevelop a webinar seriesOrganize communications andpublications about EV programsCreate best practices documentsUpdate communications planListening tours of Smart Columbuswith other citiesKnowledge Transfer PartnershipsProgram Spend 1.6IMPLEMENTATION PHASE: 248,552.00REMAINING BUDGET Q1 THROUGH Q4: 3,321,328 **Pending final budget approvalMedia RelationsSmart Columbus Media Event Wednesday, February 22, 2017 - The City of Columbushosted a press conference with major Smart Columbus partners for a public update on theprogram. Three major announcements were made:1. The City announced the new joint venture model and the hiring of Mike Stevens, ChiefInnovation Officer to oversee innovation throughout the city including management of theSmart Columbus Program. The Smart Columbus team will report to the CIO. The Cityand partners are committed to ensuring the long-term success of smart technologybased on learnings from the grant process.2. The Smart Columbus Team will move to the newly opened Columbus Idea Foundry inan innovative and "start-up" focused collaborative workspace. The colocation will bringthe Columbus Partnership, AEP, and OSU into the same working space as the PMO.3. The City announced the new local matching fund commitment, which has increased from 90 Million to over 360 MillionSmart Columbus in the Media IT Startup Community Engages in Smart 1 Leaving No Resident Behind in esident-behind-in-columbus o Columbus, Ohio Hires First Chief Innovation Officer19
Foundation Quarterly Report Q1 res-Citys-First-Chief-InnovationOfficer.html Car2Go Upgrades Fleet with Latest Generation Smart pgrades-fleet-with-latest-generationsmart-car-1500 Financial Commitment of Smart Columbus ent-to-smart-columbus-program-grows-to417-million/ Colu
Ford -- Negotiating TBD EV models in market, EV charging, EV showroom Honda -- Negotiating TBD EV models in market, EV charging, research Electrify America -- Negotiating TBD EV charging, consumer education IGS Energy -- Negotiating 1M Residential EV charging Total 39.9M 153.6M . Grand Total 193.5M
