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Elementary Statistics in Social Research 12th Edition Levin Solutions ManualFull Download: ions-manual/Solutions ManualElementary Statistics in Social ResearchChapter 2:Organizing the DataChapter 2: Organizing the Data1.A cross-tabulation of serious illnesses is a table in which the distribution ofillnesses isa. presented separately for the categories of a second variable, such asgender, age, or race.b. presented in a table.c. presented in a graph.d. presented in a pie chart.Answer: (a) presented separately for the categories of a second variable, such asgender, age, or race.2.Frequency distributions can be used toa. compare gender differences in violent criminal behavior.b. display the grades on a midterm examination for all students in asociology course.c. compare attitudes of college students and their parents regarding war.d. show attitudes of all students on a campus regarding war.e. All of the aboveAnswer: (e) All of the above3.Which of the following is not used to make comparisons between distributionswhen their total frequencies differ?a. Proportionsb. Ratesc. Ratiosd. Class limitsAnswer: (d) ratios4.By definition, class intervals contain more than onea. score value.b. score.c. respondent.d. category.Answer: (a) score value.This sample only, Download all chapters at: alibabadownload.com
Solutions ManualElementary Statistics in Social Research5.Chapter 2:Organizing the DataWhich of the following is employed when comparing a score on a final examinationagainst the entire distribution of grades in a class?a. Midpointb. Class intervalc. Class limitsd. PercentilesAnswer: (d) Percentiles6.The peakedness of a distribution of scores is also known asa. kurtosis.b. skewness.c. midpoint.d. mean.Answer: (a) kurtosis7.A frequency distribution of the number of defendants sentenced to death in each ofthe 50 states during 2001 would be depicted best in the form of aa. histogram.b. bar graph.c. frequency polygon.d. line chart.Answer: (c) frequency polygon8.The direction of skewness is determined by the relative position of thea. peak of the distribution.b. midpoint of the distribution.c. tail of the distribution.d. class limits of the distribution.Answer: (c) tail of the distribution
Solutions ManualElementary Statistics in Social Research9.Chapter 2:Organizing the DataTo show changes in birth rate from 1980 to the present, by year, a researcherwould probably use aa. pie chart.b. bar graph.c. line chart.d. frequency polygon.Answer: (c) line chart10. From the following table representing achievement for 173 television viewers and183 nonviewers, find (a) the percent of nonviewers who are high achievers, (b) thepercent of viewers who are high achievers, (c) the proportion of nonviewers who arehigh achievers, and (d) the proportion of viewers who are high achievers.Achievement for Television Viewersand NonviewersViewing StatusAchievement Nonviewers ViewersHigh achievers9346Low achievers90127Total183173Answer:a.% (100) (100)fN93183 50.8%b.% (100) (100)fN46173 26.6%
Solutions ManualElementary Statistics in Social ResearchChapter 2:Organizing the Datac.P fN93183 0.51d.P fN46173 0.2711. From the following table representing family structure for black and white childrenin a particular community, find (a) the percent of black children having two-parentfamilies, (b) the percent of white children having two-parent families, (c) theproportion of black children having two-parent families, and (d) the proportion ofwhite children having two-parent families.Family Structure for Black andWhite ChildrenRace of ChildFamilyBlackWhiteOne parent5359Two parents60167Total113226Answer:a.% (100) (100)fN60113 53.1%
Solutions ManualElementary Statistics in Social ResearchChapter 2:Organizing the Datab.% (100) (100)fN167226 73.9%c.P fN60113 0.53d.P fN167226 0.7412. From the following table illustrating the handedness of a random sample of menand women, find (a) the percent of men who are left-handed, (b) the percent ofwomen who are left-handed, (c) the proportion of men who are left-handed, and (d)the proportion of women who are left-handed. (e) What can you conclude aboutgender and the prevalence of left-handedness?Handedness of Men and -handed86114Total101122
Solutions ManualElementary Statistics in Social ResearchChapter 2:Organizing the DataAnswer:a.% (100) (100)fN15101 14.9%b.% (100) (100)fN8122 6.6%c.P fN15101 0.15d.P fN8122 0.07e. Left-handedness is more prevalent among men.
Solutions ManualElementary Statistics in Social ResearchChapter 2:Organizing the Data13. As part of a public health survey, a random sample of college students were askedabout their weekly drinking habits. The following results were obtained:Genderof StudentMenWomen 3 Drinksper Week88104Never1161643 Drinksper week4932a. Are there independent and dependent variables in this case? If so, whatare they? If not, why not?b. What percent of the sample reports not drinking?c. What percent of men report drinking, but having fewer than three drinksper week?d. What percent of women report drinking, but having fewer than three drinksper week?e. What percent of men report drinking at least three drinks per week?f. What percent of women report drinking at least three drinks per week?g. What percent of the sample reports having at least three drinks per week?Answer:a. Gender is the independent variableNumber of drinks is the dependent variableb.% (100) (100)fN280553 50.6%c.% (100) (100)fN88253 34.8%
Solutions ManualElementary Statistics in Social ResearchChapter 2:Organizing the Datad.% (100) (100)fN104300 34.7%e.% (100) (100)fN49253 19.4%f.% (100) (100)fN32300 10.7%g.% (100) (100)fN81553 14.6%
Solutions ManualElementary Statistics in Social ResearchChapter 2:Organizing the Data14. A researcher collects information from emergency room staff members aboutwhether they have ever been assaulted by a patient or a patient’s family memberwhile at work.PositionNursesPhysiciansNo6224Assault363a. Are there independent and dependent variables in this case? If so, whatare they? If not, why not?b. What percent of the sample reports being assaulted?c. What percent of nurses report being assaulted?d. What percent of physicians report being assaulted?Answer:a. Position type is the independent variableAssaulted or not is the dependent variableb.% (100) (100)fN39125 31.2%c.% (100) (100)fN3698 36.7%
Solutions ManualElementary Statistics in Social ResearchChapter 2:Organizing the Datad.% (100) (100)fN327 11.1%15. A researcher collects information from a random sample of consumers of differentsocial classes about whether they had purchased a new car within the past year.Social ClassUpper classMiddle classLower classNo New232112New Car1061a. Are there independent and dependent variables in this case? If so, whatare they? If not, why not?b. What percent of the sample reported purchasing a new car within the lastyear?c. What percent of upper-class respondents reported purchasing a new car?d. What percent of middle-class respondents reported purchasing a newcar?e. What percent of lower-class respondents reported purchasing a new car?f. What is the effect of social class on purchases of new cars?Answer:a. Class position is the independent variableCar purchase is the dependent variableb.% (100) (100)fN1773 23.3%
Solutions ManualElementary Statistics in Social ResearchChapter 2:Organizing the Datac.% (100) (100)fN1033 30.3%d.% (100) (100)fN627 22.2%e.% (100) (100)fN113 7.7%f. The higher the social class the higher the percentage of new carspurchased in the past year16. In a group of 125 males and 80 females, what is the gender ratio (number of malesper 100 females)?Answer: f males Gender ratio (100) f females 125 (100) 80 156.25
Solutions ManualElementary Statistics in Social ResearchChapter 2:Organizing the Data17. In a group of 15 black children and 20 white children, what is the ratio of blacks towhites?Answer: f ratio 1 f2 15 20 3 418. If 300 live births occur among 3,500 women of childbearing age, what is the birthrate (per 1,000 women of childbearing age)? f actual cases Birth rate (1,000) f potential cases 300 (1,000) 3,500 85.71There are 85.71 live births for every 1,000 women of childbearing age.19. What is the rate of change for a population increase from 15,000 in 1960 to 25,000in 2000?Answer: time 2f time 1f rate of change (100) time 1f 25,000 15,000 (100) 15,000 66.67%
Solutions ManualElementary Statistics in Social ResearchChapter 2:Organizing the Data20. What is the rate of change for a tax increase from 32 billion per year to 37 billionper year?Answer: time 2f time 1f rate of change (100) time 1f 37 32 (100) 32 15.63%21. A researcher studying the prevalence of alcohol use among seniors in a particularhigh school asked 45 of these youths how many drinks they had consumed in thelast week. Convert the following frequency distribution of responses (number ofdrinks) into a grouped frequency distribution containing four class intervals, and (a)determine the size of the class intervals, (b) indicate the upper and lower limits ofeach class interval, (c) identify the midpoint of each class interval, (d) find thepercentage for each class interval, (e) find the cumulative frequency of each classinterval, and (f) find the cumulative percentage for each class interval.Number of Drinks76543210f596114334N 45Answer:Number of6-74-52-30-1f141777N 45%31.137.815.615.6Cf4531147c%100.069.031.215.6
Solutions ManualElementary Statistics in Social ResearchChapter 2:Organizing the Dataa. Size of class intervals 2b. Upper and lower limit for class interval 6-7 5.5-7.5Upper and lower limit for class interval 4-5 3.5-5.5Upper and lower limit for class interval 2-3 1.5-3.5Upper and lower limit for class interval 0-1 -0.5-1.5c. Midpoint for class interval 6-7 (6 7)/2 6.5Midpoint for class interval 4-5 (4 5)/2 4.5Midpoint for class interval 2-3 (2 3)/2 2.5Midpoint for class interval 0-1 (0 1)/2 0.5d. See abovee. See abovef. See above22. The Psychopathy Checklist—Revised (PCL—R) is an assessment tool used toidentify psychopaths, with scores ranging from 0 to 40 (a score of 30 or higherbeing indicative of psychopathy). A forensic psychologist interested in theprevalence of psychopaths in a prison administered the PCL—R to 74 randomprison inmates and obtained the following distribution of scores. Convert this into agrouped frequency distribution containing five class intervals, and (a) determinethe size of the class intervals, (b) indicate the upper and lower limits of each classinterval, (c) identify the midpoint of each class interval, (d) find the percentage foreach class interval, (e) find the cumulative frequency for each class interval, and (f)find the cumulative percentage for each class interval.Score Value393835323127262521201715f44234976131057N 74
Solutions ManualElementary Statistics in Social ResearchChapter 2:Organizing the 2N 7.316.2a. Size of class intervals 5b. Upper and lower limit for class interval 35-39 34.5-39.5Upper and lower limit for class interval 30-34 29.5-34.5Upper and lower limit for class interval 25-29 24.5-29.5Upper and lower limit for class interval 20-24 19.5-24.5Upper and lower limit for class interval 15-19 14.5-19.5c. Midpoint for class interval 35-39 (35 39)/2 37Midpoint for class interval 30-34 (30 34)/2 32Midpoint for class interval 25-29 (25 29)/2 27Midpoint for class interval 20-24 (20 24)/2 22Midpoint for class interval 15-19 (15 19)/2 17d. See abovee. See abovef. See above
Solutions ManualElementary Statistics in Social ResearchChapter 2:Organizing the Data23. The following is a cross-tabulation of whether respondents rent or own their homeby social class for a sample of 240 heads of households:Social ClassLower ClassMiddle ClassUpper ClassTotala.b.c.d.e.f.g.h.i. Housing StatusRentOwn Total6218804763110113950120120240Which is the independent variable and which is the dependent variable?Compute row percents for the cross-tabulation.What percent of the sample owns their home?What percent of the sample rents?What percent of the lower-class respondents owns?What percent of the middle-class respondents rents?Which social class has the greatest tendency to rent?Which social class has the greatest tendency to own?What can be concluded about the relationship between social class andhousing status?Answer:a. IV social class, DV housing statusb.Housing StatusSocial ClassRentOwnTotal621880Lower Class77.5% 22.5% 100%4763110Middle Class42.7%57.3 100%113950Upper Class22.0% 78.0% 100%120120240Total50.0% 50.0% 100% 120 c. Percent of sample that owns 100 50.0% 240 120 d. Percent of sample that rents 100 50.0% 240
Solutions ManualElementary Statistics in Social ResearchChapter 2:Organizing the Data 18 e. Percent of lower-class respondent who owns 100 22.5% 80 47 f. Percent of middle-class respondent who rents 100 42.7% 110 g. Lower classh. Upper classi. The higher the social class, the greater the tendency to own rather thanrent.24. A sample of respondents was asked their opinions of the death penalty forconvicted murderers and of mercy killing for the terminally ill. The responses aregiven in the following cross-tabulation:Mercy KillingFavorOpposeTotala.b.c.d.e.f.g.h.Death PenaltyFavor Oppose Total63299270188813347180Why is there no independent or dependent variable?Compute total percents for the cross-tabulation.What percent of the sample favors the use of the death penalty?What percent of the sample favors mercy killing?What percent of the sample favors both types of killing?What percent of the sample opposes both types of killing?What percent of the sample favors one type of killing but not the other?What can be concluded about the relationship between the variables?Answer:a. Because neither opinion is clearly the result of the otherb.Death PenaltyMercy Killing Favor Oppose Total632992Favor35.0%16.1% 51.1%18887010.0% 48.9%Oppose38.9%13347180Total73.9%26.1% 100%
Solutions ManualElementary Statistics in Social ResearchChapter 2:Organizing the Data 133 c. Percent of sample that favors the use of the death penalty 100 73.9% 180 92 d. Percent of sample that favors mercy killings 100 51.1% 180 63 e. Percent of sample that favors both types of killings 100 35.0% 180 18 f. Percent of sample that opposes both types of killings 100 10.0% 180 99 g. Percent of sample that favors one type of killing but not the other 100 55.0% 180 h. People who favor the death penalty are more likely to oppose mercykilling, whereas people who oppose the death penalty are more likely tofavor mercy killing.25.Sexual erMale Female Total8710619314923639107118225a. Are there independent and dependent variables in this case? If so, whatare they? If not, why not?b. Compute column percents for the cross-tabulation.c. What percent of the sample is heterosexual?d. What percent of the sample is comprised of female homosexuals?e. What percent of the sample is bisexual?f. What percent of the sample is comprised of male heterosexuals?g. What can we conclude about gender differences in sexual orientation? Answer:a. No, there is no IV or DV because gender does not cause sexualorientation
Solutions ManualElementary Statistics in Social ResearchChapter 2:Organizing the Datab.GenderSexual OrientationMale Female Total87106193Heterosexual81.3% 89.8% 85.8%14923Homosexual13.1%7.6% 10.2%639Bisexual5.6%2.5%4.0%107118225Total100%100% 100% 193 c. Percent of sample that is heterosexual 100 85.8% 225 9 d. Percent of sample that is comprised of female homosexuals 100 4.0% 225 9 e. Percent of sample that is bisexual 100 4.0% 225 87 f. Percent of sample that is comprised of male heterosexuals 100 38.7% 225 g. Both males and females tend to be heterosexual.26. A random sample of women over the age of 18 was asked if they consideredthemselves to be depressed. Their responses are given next, cross-tabulated withtheir marital status:Martial StatusState ofDepressionSingle Married Divorced Widowed TotalDepressed24371137514277Nondepressed 113826817352Total13711979a.b.c.d.e.f.Compute total percents for the cross-tabulation.What percent of the sample considered themselves to be depressed?What percent of the sample did not consider themselves to be depressed?What percent of the sample is divorced women who are not depressed?What percent of the sample is single women who are depressed?Which marital status is associated with the highest percentage ofdepressed women?
Solutions ManualElementary Statistics in Social ResearchChapter 2:Organizing the DataAnswer:a.State ofDepressionSingle24Depressed6.8%113Nondepressed 32.1%137Total38.9%Martial StatusMarried Divorced Widowed Total371137510.5%3.1%0.8% 21.3%82681427723.3%19.3%4.0% 78.7%119791735233.8%22.4%4.8% 100%b.Percent of sample that consider themselves to be depressed 75 100 21.3% 352 c.Percent of sample that did not consider themselves to be depressed 227 100 78.7% 352 d.Percent of sample that is divorced women who are not depressed 68 100 19.3% 352 24 e. Percent of sample that is single women who are depressed 100 6.8% 352 f. Married27. Use a pie chart to depict the following information about college majors of studentsin a statistics class.MajorSocial workCriminal justicePolitical scienceSociologyf129624%24171247
Solutions ManualElementary Statistics in Social ResearchChapter 2:Organizing the DataAnswer:28. Depict the following data in a bar graph:Country of Origin ofInternationalStd tCanadaChinaEnglandGermanyGreeceOtherf572534N 26
Solutions ManualElementary Statistics in Social ResearchChapter 2:Organizing the DataAnswer:29. On graph paper, draw both a histogram and a frequency polygon to illustrate thefollowing distribution of IQ scores:Homicide Victims by Age Group for 734162N
Solutions ManualElementary Statistics in Social ResearchAnswer:Histogram:Frequency Polygon:Chapter 2:Organizing the Data
Solutions ManualElementary Statistics in Social ResearchChapter 2:Organizing the Data30. Display the following suicide rates (per 100,000) both as a histogram and as a linechart:Age15-2425-3435-4445-5455-6465-7475-8485 Answer:Histogram:Line Chart:Suicide13.115.715.216.417.019.725.220.8
Solutions ManualElementary Statistics in Social ResearchChapter 2:Organizing the Data31. The distribution of Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) scores for 38 high schoolseniors who graduated in the top third of their class is as 540450-490400-440350-390f1235108432N 38a. For each class interval, find the size, midpoint, upper and lower limits, thecumulative frequency, the percentage, and the cumulative percentage.b. To depict the distribution of SAT scores for the 38 students, draw ahistogram and a frequency polygon.c. To depict the cumulative distribution of these SAT scores, draw acumulative frequency polygon.
Solutions ManualElementary Statistics in Social ResearchChapter 2:Organizing the 00-540450-490400-440350-390f1235108432N %5.3%a. Size of class intervals 50Upper and lower limit for class interval 750-800 745-805Upper and lower limit for class interval 700-740 695-745Upper and lower limit for class interval 650-690 645-695Upper and lower limit for class interval 600-640 595-645Upper and lower limit for class interval 550-590 545-595Upper and lower limit for class interval 500-540 495-545Upper and lower limit for class interval 450-490 445-495Upper and lower limit for class interval 400-440 395-445Upper and lower limit for class interval 350-390 345-395Midpoint for class interval 750-800 775Midpoint for class interval 700-740 720Midpoint for class interval 650-690 670Midpoint for class interval 600-640 620Midpoint for class interval 550-590 570Midpoint for class interval 500-540 520Midpoint for class interval 450-490 470Midpoint for class interval 400-440 420Midpoint for class interval 350-390 370
Solutions ManualElementary Statistics in Social Researchb. HistogramFrequency PolygonChapter 2:Organizing the Data
Solutions ManualElementary Statistics in Social Researchc. Cumulative frequency PolygonChapter 2:Organizing the Data
Solutions ManualElementary Statistics in Social ResearchChapter 2:Organizing the Data32. Create a grouped frequency distribution with four categories using the followingdata. Then, using your grouped frequency distribution and a blank map of theUnited States, display the data on the number of hate crimes reported in ntanaTotal 03163041271114231StateNebraskaNevadaNewNew JerseyNew MexicoNew YorkNorth CarolinaNorth DakotaOhioOklahomaOregonPennsylvaniaRhode IslandSouthSouth est VirginiaWisconsinWyomingAnswer:Number ofIncidentsReported301 and over201-300101-2000-100Totalf53113049Total Number 3233932
Solutions ManualElementary Statistics in Social ResearchChapter 2:Organizing the Data
Elementary Statistics in Social Research 12th Edition Levin Solutions ManualFull Download: ions-manual/Teacher’s ManualElementary Statistics in Criminal Justice ResearchThis sample only, Download all chapters at: alibabadownload.comChapter 2:Organizing the Data
Solutions Manual Chapter 2: Elementary Statistics in Social Research Organizing the Data Chapter 2: Organizing the Data . 1. A cross-tabulation of serious illnesses is a table in which the distribution of illnesses is . a. presented separately for the categories of a second variable, such as gender, age, or race. b. presented in a table.
