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FHR-8-300(11-78)United States Department of the InteriorHeritage Conservation and Recreation ServiceNational Register of Historic PlacesInventory—Nomination FormSee instructions in How to Complete National Register FormsType all entries—complete applicable sections1. NameBeersheba Springs Historic DistricthistoricSameand/or common2. Locationstreet & numbercity,townstatenot for publicationMultiple LocationsBeersheba SpringsTennesseevicinity ofcode047countycongressional districtFourthGrundycode0613. ClassificationCategoryX licX privatebothPublic Acquisitionin processbeing consideredSta tusX occupiedunoccupiedwork in progressAc :essibleX yes: restrictedyes: unrestricted- noPresent UseagriculturecommercialX rymuseumparkX private residenceX religiousscientifictransportationother:4. Owner of PropertyMultiple Owners (see continuation sheet)namestreet & numbervicinity ofcity, townstate5. Location of Legal Descriptioncourthouse, registry of deeds, etc. Grundy County Courthouse, Registrar's Of f icestreet & numbercity, townCourthouse SquareAltamontstate Tennessee373016. Representation in Existing Surveystitledatehas this property been determined elegible?federalstatedepository for survey recordscity, townstateyescountynolocal
7. DescriptionConditionexcellentx goodfairCheck onedeterioratedruinsunexposedX unalteredx alteredCheck oneX original sitemoveddateDescribe the present and original (if known) physical appearanceThe Beersheba Springs Historic District, located in Beersheba Springs, Grundy County,along Tennessee Route 56 on the Cumberland Plateau overlooking the Collins River Valley,consists of some 55 log and frame structures with white columns, balustrades andverandahs. Although there are some permanent residents, the district is primarily aresort area.CONTRIBUTING BUILDINGS1. Beersheba Hotel Complex (Armfield Avenue): 1856-58, constructed around tavern (1836),two stories, weatherboard, upper and lower verandahs with balustrades and Greek Doric tiers,dentilled cornice, window shutters, original exterior dinner bell, guest chambersCozy Corner Row (hotel addition): Alternate log and westherboard siding, two chimneys,tin roof, parallel verandahs with tiers and balustradesFamily Row (hotel addition and adjoining building): Two stories including ball room,dining room, masters chambers, slaves chambers; adjoining building—weatherboard, tinroof, guest chambers, verhandahsBrick Row: Brick siding, tin roof, guest chambers, parallel verandahs with doric tiersand balustradesCross Row: Double log with center passage, tin roof, guest chambers, parellel verandahswith doric tiers and balustradesPost Office Row: Log, bellcast gable tin roof, guest chambers, parallel verandahs withdoric tiers and balustradesWhiskey Row: Adjoining cabins with asbestos siding, tin roof, tiered porchesVesper Point:New wooden benches confronting an old stone altar2. Old Northcutt Store (Armfield Avenue): 1856-1860, two stories, weatherboard, andasbestos siding, front verandah and rear upper and lower balconies with doric tiers andbalustrades, window shutters3. Harding College (Armfield Avenue): 1856-1858, one and one half stories, brick siding,verandah with corner extension, ornamental balastrade and tiers, wide wooden stairway toverandah4. Armfield Cottage (Armfield Aveneu): 1833-1839, weatherboard, verandah with woodentiers, bellcast gable roof, twin interior chimneys5. John M. Bass Cottage (Armfield Avenue): 1856-1858, two stories, weatherboard, upperand lower verandahs with corner domed octagonal extensions, wooden tiers, balustrades, andstairway, open bed pediment6. Armfield Cemetery (Armfield Avenue): Stone monuments including monuments above grave ofJohn Armfield surrounded by iron fence
8. SignificancePeriodprehistoric1400-14991 500-1 5991600-16991700-1799X1800-18991900-Speciffic datesAreas off Significance—Check and justify ape architecturelaweconomicsX entXinventioncommunity l/humanitariantheatertransportationother (specify)recreationBuilder/ArchitectStatement of Significance (in one paragraph)In 1833, Mrs. Beersheba Porter Cain "discovered" a chalybeate spring descending theCumberland Plateau into the Coll ins River Valley in Warren County, Tennessee. Sixyears later, the owners, George R. Smartt and Dr. Alfred Paine, incorporated theBeersheba Springs Company under the laws of Tennessee and a road was constructed acrossthe Plateau. The company built cottages of the "Virginia Style" and invited the peopleof the South to take advantage of the beautiful scenery and "therapeutic waters".The County Court of Grundy County organized in 1844 and met in Beersheba Springs forseveral years. In 1854, John Armfield, financier and former slave trader, purchased theresort. Armfield built the present hotel in 1856-1858, around a tavern which wasconstructed in 1836. From 1856 to I860".he built a number of cottages, which he rentedto wealthy friends from the Middle and Deep South, including Episcopal Bishops LeonidasPolk and James Otey of Louisiana. Armfield styled his resort with the functional simplicity of the log cabin and the grandeur of full length verandahs and balconies, adornedwith white columns and balustrades, representative of the "White Pillar Period" ofarchitecture in the South. The Board of Trustees of the Episcopal University of theSouth organized at Beersheba Springs in 1858, creating the foundation of the school, underthe direction of Bishops Polk and Otey.Beersheba Springs entertained as many as 400 guests at a time during the height of itspopularity, 1856-1860. Guests might dance, bowl, play tennis, sing along, dine on freshmeats, fruits and vegetables, or relax in the spring. However, the practice of gamblingand sale of liquor were prohibited. Many guests found refuge in the plateau climatefrom the fever epidemics of the lowlands. The driver of a stagecoach full of guestsannounced his approach with a bugle at various points along the road up the mountain.The Civil War brought about the decline of popularity of the resort. On at least oneoccasion, July 26, 1863, the resort was looted by bushwhackers. The war was responsiblefor the death or bankruptcy of the majority of the resort's patrons. After the war, Armfieldrepossessed the cottages and John Bass bought the hotel. Due to hard times which followedthe war, the resort never regained its pre-war popularity. The beautiful scenery inspiredmany stories by part time resident and full time author Mary Noailles Murfree, pseudonymCharles Egbert Craddock, at the turn of the century. The hotel and cabins have changedhands many times since the Civil War. In 1941, the Tennessee Methodist Conference purchasedthe hotel and continue to use it as a retreat. The cabins continue to be used extensively,particularly during the summer season. Due to construction, the spring has long sincedisappeared.The Beersheba Springs Historic District is one of the most noted surviving representativesof a unique institution—the mountain springs resort of the ante-bellum South.
9. Major Bibliographical ReferencesCoppinger, Mrs. Margaret Brown. Tennessee's OTdest and Most Historic Summer ResortBeers heba Springs, Tennessee State Library and Archives.Bentley, Blanche Spurlock, Sketch of Beersheba Springs and Chlckamauga Trace, ChattanoogaLookout Publishing Company, Tennessee State Library and Accbiwes10. Geographical DataAcreage of nominated property220Quadrangle name "' tamontQuadrangle scale1:24000UMT References 3 9 2 5 5 7 0 NorthingB [1L6 6 2,2 8,0 0 "- 3,9 2,4 6,8,0 cIliSl I6l2i0l7i7i0l I3i9l2i5l2i8i0lP li6 6 2,1 0 2,0 3,9 2,611,4,01Fl . I I I .I IJ LA lli6 I6 2i3 0i4i0 ZoneEastingEl.I IGI.I.i,II.I.I.ZoneiI lHi.EastingIII.NorthingI.II.I,I.IVerbal boundary description and justificationThe boundary of the Beersheba Springs Historic District nomination is shown as the red lineon the accompanying map entitled "Grundy County, Tennessee-21" and "Grundy County, Tennessee26" and drawn at a scale of 800 feet to the inch. The boundary was drawn so as to IncludeList all states and counties for properties overlapping state or county . Form Prepared Byname/titleBritt Casteel, Research Assistantorganization Tennessee Historical Commissiondatestreet & number 4721 Trousdale DrivetelephonecityortownstateNashvilleDecember, 1979615/741-2371Tennessee3721912. State Historic Preservation Officer CertificationThe evaluated significance of this property within the state is:X statelocalnationalAs the designated State Historic Preservation Officer for the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (Public Law 89665), I hereby nominate this property for inclusion in the National Register and certify that it has been evaluatedaccording to the criteria and procedures set forth by the Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service.State Historic Preservation Officer signaturetitle Herbert L. Harper, Executive DirectorGPO938835
FHR-8-300ACll/78)UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIORHERITAGE CONSERVATION AND RECREATION SERVICENATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACESINVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORMCONTINUATION SHEETITEM NUMBERiijjPAGEPROPERTY OWNERS OF THE BEERSHEBA SPRINGS HISTORIC DISTRICT1.Beersheba Springs HotelUnited Methodist ChurchTennessee Conference1907 Acklen AvenueNashville, Tennessee 381124. Cont.Mrs. Alien Brown4505 Wayland DriveNashville, Tennessee 372052. William F. Earthman527 Belle Meade Blvd.Nashville, Tennessee 38105Mr. Bryant Leak Glasgow3615 Woodlawn DriveNashville, Tennessee 372153.Mr. Sam Glasgow3615 Woodlawn DriveNashville, Tennessee 37215Ewing Drumwright1608 N. Gallatin RoadMadison, Tennessee 371154. Mrs. Albert Phillips222 Deer Park DriveNashville, Tennessee 37205Mrs. W. M. Watkins Jr.113 Herron DriveKnoxville, Tennessee 37919Mrs. Charles Cox, Jr.4436 Alcott DriveNashville, Tennessee 37215Mrs. Robert Wasik46 Myers Ave.Denville, N.J. 07834Mrs. Harry Williams3616 Meadowbrook Ave.Nashville, Tennessee 37205Mrs. Frank Reynolds, Jr,1801 S. Live Oak ParkwayWilmington, N.C. 28403Miss Barbara Lauderdale,, 2321 Golf Club Lane Nashville, Tennessee 37215Mrs. W. A. Lauderdale2321 Golf Club LaneNashville, Tennessee 372155. Mrs. John E. Fassnacht209 Rainbow DriveLookout Mtn., Tennessee 37350andRev. Robert W. Turner III861 W. Tarpon Blvd.Port Charlotte, Florida 339526. Armfield Cemetery7. Mrs. A. T. SikesRoyal Oaks ApartmentsNashville, Tennessee 372058. Leonard TateBeersheba Springs, Tennessee 373059. Robert C. Taylor2140 Chickering LaneNashville, Tennessee 3811510. United Methodist Church(See # 1)
FHR-8-300A(11/78)UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIORHERITAGE CONSERVATION AND RECREATION SERVICENATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACESINVENTORY - NOMINATION FORMCONTI NUATION SHEET11.Morton B. Howell401 Court Square Bldg.Nashville, Tennessee 37201ITEM NUMBER15. Mrs. Adam G. (Faith Yow) Adams333 University # 231Coral Gables, Florida 33134Samuel H. Howell1710 Hayes StreetNashville, Tennessee 37203Mrs. Morton B, (Mary Avent) Adams1515 San Remo, Apartment # 9Coral Gables, Florida 33147William W. Howell1541 Williams StreetDenver, Colorado 80218Mrs. Marion S. (Monnie Blackshire)Adams301 West Street, Flo ClairMobile, Alabama 36604Alfred H. Bartles7 Stuttgart 50Obere Waiblinger Str 158West GermanyMrs. Howell E. (Crenshaw Waller)Adams60 Plaza Square, Apartment # 1003St. Louis, Missouri 53103Mrs. David P. (Mildred Goodpasture)Adams115 Woodmont BoulevardNashville, Tennessee 37205Clopper AlmonInternational Inst. ofApplied Systems AnalysisA-2361 LaxenburgAustria (till 8-79)Chancellor Alfred T. Adams3701 Brighton RoadNashville, Tennessee 37205permanent:7303 Dartmouth AvenueCollege Park, Maryland 2024812. Robert R. DanielRoute 3McMinnville, Tennessee 3711013.14.PAGERalph Baugh137 51 St. N.Nashville, Tennessee 37209andDr. Gretta Geldreich2714 Tucker RoadNashville, Tennessee 37218G. W. McGeeBeersheba Springs, Tennessee 37305andMrs. Lyndon Hi HisBeersheba Springs, Tennessee 37305George Elliott Adams3256 Riverside AVenueJacksonville, Florida 3220216.Kitty Adams Chenoweth101 Hun RoadPrinceton, New Jersey 0854017. Mr. S. M. Thomas1841 N. Geyer RoadSt. Louis, MO 63131Mrs. E. B. Franklin2203 Valleybrook RoadNashville, Tennessee 37215Robert Orr, Trustc/o Robert Orr Franklin2203 Valleybrook Rd.Nashville, Tennessee 37215
FHR-8-300A(11/78)UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIORHERITAGE CONSERVATION AND RECREATION SERVICENATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACESINVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORMCONTI NUATION SHEETITEM NUMBERPAGE17.Mrs. T. S. Weaver3424 Hampton AvenueNashville, Tennessee 3721527.18.Mrs. Flossie Argo TateBeersheba Springs, Tennessee 3730519.Thompson P. CroweBeersheba Springs, Tennessee 3730528. Mrs. Barney Hobbs1224 S. Seminole DriveChattanooga, Tennessee 37412andBennie M. Tate273 N. Peachtree St.Norcross, Georgia 3007120. Mrs. Ruth Miller2101 Prytania St.New Orleans, LA 7013021.22.23.Nelson Andrews4421 Warner PlaceNashville, Tennessee 3720529.Elsie S. TateBeersheba Springs, Tennessee 37305Mrs. Frank Davenport103 Ross AvenueMcMinnville, Tennessee 3711030.Douglas Brown307 Lind StreetMcMinnville, Tennessee 37110Carl WillisBeersheba Springs, Tennessee 3730531Rev. Willie B. NunleyGrace Chapel Methodist ChurchBeersheba Springs, Tennessee 3730532,Eugene H. BohrBeersheba Springs, Tennessee 3730533,ParsonageUnited Methodist ChurchSee # 1Ted SummittBeersheba Springs, Tennessee 3730524.Miles ThomasBeersheba Springs, Tennessee 3730525.Roger W. Noone607 East Brow RoadLookout Mountain, Tennessee 3735026.Beersheba Springs LibraryBoard MembersBobby ThompsonFrancis HoltElsie RogersStanton BessHomer KnightWilliam StewartMike WalkerBud WhitmanJohnny GrossAll above -Beersheba Springs,Tennessee 3730534. T. W. MayhewRoute 12, Box 216Clarksvilie, Tennessee 3704035through37.G. W. McGeeBeersheba Springs, Tennessee 3730538 and39.Lyndon Hi 11 isBeersheba Springs, Tennessee 37305
FHR-8-300A(11/78)UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIORHERITAGE CONSERVATION AND RECREATION SERVICENATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACESINVENTORY « NOMINATION FORMCONTINUATION SHEET40 and41.United Methodist ChurchSee # 142.K. T. McConnico, Jr.Beersheba Springs, Tennessee 3730543.Dr. Herschel Gower1006 Estes AvenueNashville, Tennessee 3721544.Mrs. Floyd Coppinger45.Beersheba Springs, Tennessee 37305Victoria MorrisonBeersheba Springs, Tennessee 3730546.Fay HillBeersheba Springs, Tennessee 3730547. See # 44 above48.Charles Trabue, Jr.654 TimberlaneNashville, Tennessee 3721549. See # 45 above50.Bob MyersWestview AvenueNashville, Tennessee 3720551.Dr. Ben Caldwell4321 Chiekering LaneNashville, Tennessee 38115ITEM NUMBERPAGE
FHR-8-300A(11/78)UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIORHERITAGE CONSERVATION AND RECREATION SERVICENATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACESINVENTORY - NOMINATION FORMCONTINUATION SHEETITEM NUMBERPAGE7. Indian Rock Cottage (Armfield Avenue): 1912, two stories, facade-log and shingled,other elevations—weatherboard and shingle, open bed pediment.8. Leonard Tate Cottage (Armfield Avenue): 1927, weatherboard, corner porch.9. Dr. John Waters Cottage (Dahlgren Avenue): 1856-1858, log bungalow, rear verandahwith wooden columns and balustrades, partially burned and reconstructed in 1949,10. Alex Nelson Cottage (Dahlgren Avenue):wooden tiers, twin interior chimneys.1887-1895, weatherboard, verandah with11. Nanhaven (Dahlgren Avenue): 1856-1858, weatherboard, perimetric verandah withwooden tiers, bracketed cornice, twin exterior chimneys, rock pier foundations.12. Hege Cottage (Dahlgren Avenue):foundation.1883, weatherboard, covered porch, rock pier13. Middle Hege Cottage (Dahlgren Avenue): 1883, log front, other elevations areweatherboard, weatherboard door trim, verandah with ornamental tiers.14. Cockrill Cottage (Dahlgren Avenue):tin roof.15.White House (Dahlgren Avenue):1856-1858, weatherboard, tiered verandah,1856-58, weatherboard, tiered verandah, tin roof.16. T'other House (Dahlgren Avenue): 1856-58, log front, other elevations areweatherboard, weatherboard doortrim, parallel verandahs with open-boxfrieze.17.Bishop Polk Cottage (Tennessee 56): 1856-58, log front, other elevations areweatherboard, tiered verandah, twin exterior stone chimneys.18.Bishop Otey Cottage (Tennessee 56): 1856-58, log front, other elevations areweatherboard, weatherboard door trim, verandah with diagonal screened extension.19.Hemlock Hall (Grassy Ridge Road): 1856-58, weatherboard, tin roof with gingerbread wooden gables, verandah with ornamental iron columns.20.Dr. Paul Eve Cottage (Grassy Ridge Road): 1856-58, log front, other elevationsare weatherboard, front door weatherboard trim, tiered verandah, oppositeexterior chimneys.
FHR-8-300A(11/78)UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIORHERITAGE CONSERVATION AND RECREATION SERVICENATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACESINVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORMCONTI NUATION SHEETITEM NUMBER7PAGE21.Nathan Cottage (Grassy Ridge Road): 1856-71, weatherboard, tiered porch, windowshutters, opposite exterior chimneys.22.Hunerwald Cottage (Tennessee 56): 1911, 1% stories, weatherboard, enclosedfront patio, rear entrance foyer, twin open bed pediments with returns.23.Lovers Leap Cottage ( Grassy Ridge Road): 1909, log front, other elevationsare weatherboard, perimetric verandah, open bed pediment, front door weatherboardtrim.24.Ferriss Cottage (Grassy Ridge Road): 1856-58, weatherboard, center gable roof,main entrance with surrounding lights, corner porch.25.Roger W. Noone House (Tennessee 56): 1896, weatherboard, bell cast (tin) gableroof, verandah with bowling pin balusters, stone foundation.26.Beersheba Springs Library (Tennessee 56): 1923, log, verandah with unfinishedlog columns, rock pier foundation, hipped roof.27.Nelson Andrews Cottage(Armfield Avenue): c!925, weatherboard, 2 stories, upperand lower screened verandahs, brick chimney, side porch supported by brickpiers.28.Bunk House (Tennessee 56): 1890, moved 1930, log, verandah with ornamentaliron tiers, weatherboard entrance trim.29.Elsie Tate Cottage (Tennessee 56): c!900, weatherboard, verandah with woodentiers, exposed rafter ends, main entrance with transom and side lights.30.Douglas Brown Cottage (Tennessee 56): c!900, log, bell cast gable roof, verandahwith wooden tiers, main entrance weatherboard trim.31.Grace Chapel Methodist Church (Tennessee 56): 1897, weatherboard, gable roof,pedimented portico, shingle trim, radiating symbols at pedimental corners,side addition.32.Dan (Tennessee 56): 1891, 1% stories, weatherboard, verandah with wooden tiersand balustrade, bay window, two pedimented dormers, stone foundation, twostone chimneys, built by a leader of the nearby Swiss community of Gruetli,Colonel H. Plumacher.33.Methodist Parsonage (Hege Avenue): weatherboard, shingled roof, carport.OTHER BUILDINGS
FHR-8-300A(11/78)UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIORHERITAGE CONSERVATION AND RECREATION SERVICENATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACESINVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORMCONTI NU ATION SHEETITEM NUMBER7PAGE34. T. W. Mayhew House (Hege Avenue): weatherboard, tin roof, porch.35.G. W. McGee House (Tennessee 56): weatherboard, shingled roof, porch.36. General Store(Tennessee 56): weatherboard, wrought iron columns, porch.37.Beersheba LaundryMat (Tennessee 56): concrete block walls, shingled roof.38.Lyndon Hi 11 is Log House (Hege Avenue): log, tin roof, rear weatherboard addition.39. Lyndon Hillis House (Hege Avenue): weatherboard, shingled roof, twin columnplacements.40. Methodist Garage (Hege Avenue): c!930s, weatherboard, 2 stories, shingled roof.41.United Methodist Church (Armfield Avenue): weatherboard, columned portico,square turrett.42.K. T. McKonnico House (Grassy Ridge Road): weatherboard, shingle roof.43. Herschel Gower House (Grassy Ridge Road): weatherboard, shingle roof, garage.44. Ole Brown Museum (Tennessee 56): weatherboard, tin roof, stone foundation.45.Phillips 66 Service Station, United States Post Office (Tennessee 56):coursed, stone surfaced walls, verandah, single panel windows.46.Fay Hill House Trailer (Armfield Avenue)47. Mrs. Floyd Coppinger House (Tennessee 56): weatherboard, shingle roof.48.Charles Trabue Jr. House (Armfield Avenue): weatherboard, shingle roof.49.Victoria Morrison House Trailer (Armfield Avenue).50.Robert Meyer House (Armfield Avenue): reconstructed log house.51.Dr. Ben Caldwell House (Armfield Avenue): reconstructed log house.
FHR-8-300A(11/78)UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIORHERITAGE CONSERVATION AND RECREATION SERVICEi*NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACESINVENTORY - NOMINATION FORMCONTINUATION SHEETITEM NUMBERQPAGE«Howell, Isabel, John Armfield of Beersheba Springs, Nashville: 1940, TennesseeState Library and ArchivesGrundy County. Federal Writer's Project, 1940, Tennessee State Library andArchivesFrench, L. Virginia (Smith), Diary 1825-1881, Tennessee State Library andArchivesSmith, G. Frazier, White Pillars: Architecture of the South, New York;Bramhall House, 1941
FHR-8-300A(11/78)UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIORHERITAGE CONSERVATION AND RECREATION SERVICENATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACESINVENTORY - NOMINATION FORMCONTI NUATION SHEETITEM NUMBER10PAGEall buildings which contributed to the historical significance of the BeershebaSprings Historic District prior to 1930.
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te&- '.-.fl ,,;. ————J.\n otx n plan—a quadrangle ot row houses, oiic room deep, with porches opening onto a commoncourt, all covered with shade from enormous forest trees. Here one could relax in a combinationof maximum privacy and comfort, scarcely noticing the difference between in and out of doors.From the publication book "White Pillars" - There is an interestingattical and other drawings.
city, town vicinity of state 5. Location of Legal Description courthouse, registry of deeds, etc._Grundy County Courthouse, Registrar's Of f ice street & number Courthouse Square city, town Altamont state Tennessee 37301 6. Representation in Existing Surveys title has this property been determined elegible? _ yes no date federal state county .
