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Design GuideDynaform FiberglassStructuralShapesCorrosion ResistantFire RetardantLow MaintenanceLight WeightLong Service LifeQHigh Performance Composite SolutionsUALITYISO9001-2000CERTIFIED

Table of ContentsPultrusion Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Resin Systems for Structural Shapes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Elevated Temperature Effects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Chemical Resistance Guide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Structural Shapes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Vinyl Ester Threaded Rod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Coupon Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Structural Shapes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Pultruded Flat Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Vinyl Ester Threaded Rods and Nuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Cross Sectional Tolerances. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Section Properties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Beams - Allowable Uniform Load Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Wide Flange Beams. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26I Beams. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Square Tubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51Rectangular Tubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Structural Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55Stringer Design Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56OSHA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56UBC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57Columns - Allowable Axial Load Tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58Angles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60I Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69Wide Flange Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78Square Tubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87Rectangular Tube. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93Round Tube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

Pultrusion ProcessPultrusion is a continuous process of raw materials, typically resin and reinforcing materials,forming profiles of constant cross section in continuous length.Pultrusion gets its name from the method by which the profiles are made. Raw materialsare literally pulled by what we call "the puller." "The puller" is the machine made up of pullingpads, which grip the product, and a drive system which keeps the product moving. "The puller"is located just before the final cut-off saw.The process starts with the reinforcements. Typically, unidirectional glass roving is thefiber that runs along the length of the profile. Second, the fiberglass mat is added in, which ismultidirectional reinforcement. Third is the resin, typically polyester or vinylester. The glass is"wet-out" with the liquid resin and pulled into a heated die. Just before all the material enters thedie, surface veil may be added which enhances the final product's surface.Now that all the reinforcements have been "wet-out" and pulled into a heated die, the curingtakes place. All the resins used in the pultrusion process have a catalyst or hardener addedwhen the resin is mixed. This catalyst activated at about 200 F. Consequently, as the "wet-out"reinforcement pass through the heated die, the product changes from liquid to a solid profilewith all the reinforcement laminated within.The product exiting the die is pulled by "the puller", which upon exiting can be cut to thedesired length.

Standard Resin Systems for Structural ShapesSTANDARD POLYESTER (ISO or PN) RESIN SYSTEMThe STANDARD POLYESTER RESIN SYSTEM refers to a NON FLAME RETARDANTisophthalic polyester resin system. This resin system is manufactured in olive green andincorporates ultraviolet inhibitors. Polyester resins exhibit good corrosion resistance, goodelectrical properties, low thermal conductivity and excellent mechanical properties.FLAME RETARDANT POLYESTER (ISOFR or PF) RESIN SYSTEMThis resin system exhibits the same characteristics as the Standard Polyester resin system PLUSa flame spread rating of 25 or less when tested in accordance with ASTM E-84. The FLAMERETARDANT resin system is manufactured in gray and yellow.FLAME RETARDANT VINYL ESTER (VEFR or VF) RESIN SYSTEMThis resin system is manufactured from vinyl ester resin which exhibits higher strength,improved strength and stiffness retention at elevated temperatures, and improved corrosionresistance. This system also meets a maximum flame spread rating of 25 and is produced inbeige and yellow.ELEVATED TEMPERATURE EFFECTSThe approximate retention of mechanical properties at elevated temperatures are:Ultimate StressModulus of ElasticityTEMPERATURE100 F125 F150 F175 F200 FISO(PN)/ISOFR(PF)85%70%50%Not RecommendedNot RecommendedVEFR(VF)90%80%80%75%50%100 F125 F150 F175 F200 F100%90%85%Not RecommendedNot Recommended100%95%90%88%85%

Chemical Resistance Guide - Structural ShapesThe data in this chemical resistance guide is based on field service performance, laboratory testing and extrapolated valuesfrom our resin manufacturers' recommendation. Data shown is intended as a guide only. It is recommended that for a specificapplication, testing be done in the actual chemical environment.The following conditions will effect the suitability of a specific resin laminate: Periodic changes in temperature Exposure to frequent splashes and spills Temperature spikes Exposure to intermittent splashes and spills Changes in chemical concentrations Frequency of maintenance wash down Combinations of chemicals Load bearing or non-load bearing requirements Exposure to vapors mperatures, FVEFRISO/ISOFRAcetic Acid, to 10%17080180NRAcetic Acid, to 50%Acetic Acid, GlacialNRNRAcetoneNRNRAluminum Chloride170120Aluminum Hydroxide140120Aluminum Nitrate140120Aluminum Sulfate170120Ammonium Chloride170120NRAmmonium Hydroxide, 5%140170120Ammonium Nitrate, to 50%Ammonium Nitrate, Saturated170NR90Ammonium Persulfate, to 25% 140Ammonium Phosphate170120Ammonium Sulfate170120Amyl Alcohol80NRBarium Carbonate170120Barium Chloride170120Barium Sulfate170120BenzeneNRNR110NRBenzene Sulfonic Acid 50%Benzoic Acid170120Benzyl AlcoholNRNRBorax170120Brine (Sodium Chloride Sol.)170120Bromine, Liquid or VaporNRNREthyl AlcoholNRNREthylene Glycol170120Fatty Acids17080Ferric Chloride170100Ferric Sulfate170110Formaldehyde110NRFuel Oil14080Gasoline, Aviation and Ethyl14080 ChemicalEnvironmentButyl AcetateButyl AlcoholCalcium CarbonateCalcium HydroxideCalcium HypochloriteCalcium NitrateCalcium SulfateCarbon DisulfideCarbon Monoxide GasCarbon Dioxide GasCarbon TetrachlorideLiquid or VaporChlorine, Dry GasChlorine, Wet GasChlorine WaterChloroformChromic Acid, to 5%Chromous SulfateCitric AcidCopper ChlorideCopper CyanideCopper NitrateCrude Oil, SourCyclohexane, Liquid and VaporDiesel FuelEthyl AcetatePhosphoric Acid, VaporPotassium Aluminum SulfatePotassium BicarbonatePotassium Carbonate, to 10%Potassium ChloridePotassium HydroxidePotassium NitratePotassium SulfateMaximumRecommendedServiceTemperatures, FVEFR 170170170NR90NR120120100NR120NR120120

Chemical Resistance Guide - Structural Temperatures, FVEFR draulic Fluid (Glycol Based)140NRHydraulic Fluid Skydraul140NRHydrobromic Acid110NRHydrochloric Acid, up to 15%14080Hydrochloric Acid, Concentrated 110NRHydrogen Bromide, Dry Gas14080Hydrogen Bromine, Wet Gas140NRHydrogen Chloride, Dry Gas17080Hydrogen Chloride, Wet Gas17080Hydrogen Flouride, Sol or Vapor 140NRHydrogen Peroxide, to 10%110NRHydrogen Sulfide, Dry Gas14080Hydrogen Sulfide, Wet Gas14080Isopropyl Alcohol80NRJP-414080Kerosene140110Lactic Acid170120Lead Acetate170120Linseed Oil170100Lithium Chloride170120Magnesium Carbonate170120Magnesium Chloride170120Magnesium Hydroxide170100Magnesium Nitrate170120Magnesium Sulfate170120Mercuric Chloride170120Mercury Metal170120Methyl Ethyl KetoneNRNRMineral Oil170120MonochlorobenzeneNRNRNaphtha140120Nickel Chloride170120Nitric Acid, to 5%110100Nitric Acid, ConcentratedNRNRNitric Acid, Vapor140100Oleic Acid170120Oxalic Acid170120Paper Mill Liquor100100Phenol Solution or VaporNRNRPhosphoric Acid170100Phosphoric Acid, Salts ronmentTemperatures, FVEFR ISO/ISOFRPropylene Glycol170120Sodium Acetate170120Sodium Benzoate140120Sodium Bicarbonate140120Sodium Bisulfate170120Sodium Bisulfite170120Sodium Borate170120Sodium Bromide170120Sodium Carbonate, to 10%14070Sodium Chloride170120Sodium Cyanide170120Sodium Dichromate170120Sodium Diphosphate170120Sodium Hydroxide, 10%140NRSodium Hypochlorite, to 5-1/4% 11070Sodium Monophosphate170120Sodium Nitrate170120Sodium Nitrite170120Sodium Sulfate170120Sodium Tetraborate140120Sodium Thiosulfate140120Soy Oil170100Stearic Acid170120StyreneNRNRSulfamic Acid170120Sulfated DetergentsNR120Sulfite Liquor160100Sulfur Dioxide, gas-dry170120Sulfur Dioxide, gas-wet17070Sulfur Trioxide, gas-wet or dry170NRSulfuric Acid, to 25%17080Tartaric oroethylene vaporNRNRTrisodium Phosphate170NRUrea, 35%110NRVinegar170150Water, Distilled180150Water, Tap180120Zinc Chloride170120Zinc Nitrate170120Zinc Sulfate170120

Chemical Resistance Guide - Vinyl Ester Threaded RodsSOLUTIONH2SO4 - 25 %HCI - 20%HNO3 - GasAcetic Acid - 25%Phosphoric Acid - 100%NaOH - 50%Sodium Carbonate - 35%NaCl - SaturatedEthanol - 10%Sodium Hypochlorate - 10%All AIK (SO4)2Perochloroethylene - 100%n-Heptane - 100%Kerosene - 100%Toluene - 100%H2O2 - 30%Distilled WaterMAXIMUM RECOMMENDED TEMPERATUREF /C NOTE: Threads of threaded rods are cut into specially manufactured pultruded rods. Therefore,after installation of threaded rods and fiberglass nuts in a corrosive environment, the threads areto be sealed with a vinyl ester resin.

Coupon Properties - Structural ShapesThe values listed below are test results from coupon tests performed in accordance with thenoted ASTM Test.MECHANICAL PROPERTIESTensile Stress, LWTensile Stress, CWTensile Modulus, LWTensile Modulus, CWCompressive Stress, LWCompressive Stress, CWCompressive Modulus, LWCompressive Modulus, CWFlexural Stress, LWFlexural Stress, CWFlexural Modulus, LWFlexural Modulus, CWModulus of Elasticity, EShear ModulusShort Beam ShearPunch ShearBearing Stress, LWNotched Izod Impact, LWNotched Izod Impact, CWPHYSICAL PROPERTIESBarcol Hardness24 Hour Water AbsorptionDensityCoefficient of Thermal Expansion, 0D-790D-790D-790Full Section--D-2344D-732D-953D-256D-256UNITSpsipsi106 psi106 psipsipsi106 psi106 psipsipsi106 psi106 psi106 psi106 010,00030,000254ASTMD-2583D-570D-792D-696UNITS--% maxlbs/in310-6 in/in/ 0hzVALUE120352005ELECTRICAL PROPERTIESASTMArc Resistance, LWD-495Dielectric Strength, LWD-149Dielectric Strength, PFD-149Dielectric Constant, PFD-150ISOFR and VEFR Fire Retardant Structural Profiles:FLAMMABILITY PROPERTIESASTMUNITSVALUETunnel TestE-84Flame Spread25 maxFlammabilityD-635--NonburningLW LengthwiseCW CrosswisePF Perpendicular to Laminate Face