Transcription
Generalized Magneto-Optical Ellipsometry (GME)for Magnetic Materials Characterization- basic considerations- Light Polarization and Reflection- Jones Calculus and Ellipsometry- Fundamentals of Magneto-Optics- dielectric tensor- Nomenclature of Magneto-Optical effects- size of the Magneto-Optical effect- Generalized Magneto-Optical Ellipsometry- experimental set-up and capabilities- detection and analysis scheme- applications- recent developmentsAndreas Bergera.berger@nanogune.eu I www.nanogune.eu
Generalized Magneto-Optical Ellipsometry (GME)for Magnetic Materials Characterization- basic considerations- Light Polarization and Reflection- Jones Calculus and Ellipsometry- Fundamentals of Magneto-Optics- dielectric tensor- Nomenclature of Magneto-Optical effects- size of the Magneto-Optical effect- Generalized Magneto-Optical Ellipsometry- experimental set-up and capabilities- detection and analysis scheme- applications- recent developmentsAndreas Bergera.berger@nanogune.eu I www.nanogune.eu
Light and PolarizationPolarized lightLight – EM wavez 0 - planetime evolution of the electromagnetic field in the z 0 – planestable fully polarized: P 1spa.berger@nanogune.eu I www.nanogune.eu
Light and PolarizationPolarized lightLight – EM wavez 0 - planetime evolution of the electromagnetic field in the z 0 – planestable fully polarized: P 1spJones Calculusfixed k, P 1E Es exp(i(k r-ωt))EpE 2x1 vector, Es and Ep complexa.berger@nanogune.eu I www.nanogune.eu
Light ReflectionReflection from a flat surfacesamplep-polarized light (TM)a.berger@nanogune.eu I www.nanogune.eu
Light ReflectionReflection from a flat surfacesamplep-polarized light (TM)EPin Espina.berger@nanogune.eu I www.nanogune.eu
Light ReflectionReflection from a flat surfacesamplep-polarized light (TM)EPin EspEinPout Espouta.berger@nanogune.eu I www.nanogune.eu
Light ReflectionReflection from a flat surfacesamplep-polarized light (TM)EPin EsprinrR rss rspps ppEPout Espouta.berger@nanogune.eu I www.nanogune.eu
Light ReflectionReflection from a flat surfacesamplep-polarized light (TM)EPin EsprinrR rss rspps ppEPout EspoutPlane-Wave Reflection from flat surface is fully described by a2x2 reflection matrix R (applies to any optical element)a.berger@nanogune.eu I www.nanogune.eu
Light ReflectionReflection from a flat surfacesamplep-polarized light (TM)θθEPin EsprinrR rss rspps ppEPout EspoutPlane-Wave Reflection from flat surface is fully described by aR depends on geometry (θ) and material ε or ε(z)Ellipsometry: methodology to measure R to determine ε or ε(z)a.berger@nanogune.eu I www.nanogune.eu
Generalized Magneto-Optical Ellipsometry (GME)for Magnetic Materials Characterization- basic considerations- Light Polarization and Reflection- Jones Calculus and Ellipsometry- Fundamentals of Magneto-Optics- dielectric tensor- Nomenclature of Magneto-Optical effects- size of the Magneto-Optical effect- Generalized Magneto-Optical Ellipsometry- experimental set-up and capabilities- detection and analysis scheme- applications- recent developmentsAndreas Bergera.berger@nanogune.eu I www.nanogune.eu
Fundamentals of Magneto-OpticsMaterials Optics: EM-wave propagation in the presence of matter- Maxwellʼs equations: contain E, D, H, B- linear materials relation: D ε E; B µ H ε, µ are 3x3 tensors- Optics: µ 1- Materials Optics (incl. Magneto-Optics): ε- non-magnetic material:isotropic, cubic ε ˆε 0 00ε00 0 ε reflection matrixrss 00 rppa.berger@nanogune.eu I www.nanogune.eu
Fundamentals of Magneto-OpticsMaterials Optics: EM-wave propagation in the presence of matter- magnetic material:(1st order terms) 1 εˆ ε iQmz iQmyiQmz1 iQmx iQmy iQmx 1 - Q is the magneto-optical coupling constant (λ) - mx, my, mz are the components of Ma.berger@nanogune.eu I www.nanogune.eu
Fundamentals of Magneto-OpticsMaterials Optics: EM-wave propagation in the presence of matter- magnetic material:(1st order terms) 1 εˆ ε iQmz iQmyiQmz1 iQmx iQmy iQmx 1 - Q is the magneto-optical coupling constant (λ) - mx, my, mz are the components of M- Q is of the order of 10-4 - 10-3 for ferromagnetsa.berger@nanogune.eu I www.nanogune.eu
Fundamentals of Magneto-OpticsMaterials Optics: EM-wave propagation in the presence of matter- magnetic material:(1st order terms) 1 εˆ ε iQmz iQmyiQmz1 iQmx iQmy iQmx 1 - Q is the magneto-optical coupling constant (λ) - mx, my, mz are the components of M- Q is of the order of 10-4 - 10-3 for ferromagnets Optical Activity: M orientation dependencea.berger@nanogune.eu I www.nanogune.eu
Fundamentals of Magneto-OpticsNomenclature of Magneto-Optical effectspolar configurationDielectric TensorReflectivity matrixa.berger@nanogune.eu I www.nanogune.eu
Fundamentals of Magneto-OpticsNomenclature of Magneto-Optical effectslongitudinal configurationDielectric TensorReflectivity matrixa.berger@nanogune.eu I www.nanogune.eu
Fundamentals of Magneto-OpticsNomenclature of Magneto-Optical effectstransverse configurationDielectric TensorReflectivity matrixa.berger@nanogune.eu I www.nanogune.eu
Generalized Magneto-Optical Ellipsometry (GME)for Magnetic Materials Characterization- basic considerations- Light Polarization and Reflection- Jones Calculus and Ellipsometry- Fundamentals of Magneto-Optics- dielectric tensor- Nomenclature of Magneto-Optical effects- size of the Magneto-Optical effect- Generalized Magneto-Optical Ellipsometry- experimental set-up and capabilities- detection and analysis scheme- applications- recent developmentsAndreas Bergera.berger@nanogune.eu I www.nanogune.eu
Experimental Magneto-Opticscrossed Polarizer set-upSamplePolarizer 1Laser source45ºφ1Polarizer 2φ2PhotodetectorTop Viewa.berger@nanogune.eu I www.nanogune.eu
Experimental Magneto-Opticscrossed Polarizer set-upSamplePolarizer 1Laser source45ºφ1Polarizer 2φ2PhotodetectorTop ViewPerformance: 30 nm Co-film- complete hysteresis loop in 10 ms- S/N-ratio 48.2 (30 µs)- optical noise level 1µrad/ Hz (DC)(1/30 monolayer signal)a.berger@nanogune.eu I www.nanogune.eu
Experimental Magneto-OpticsGeneralized Magneto-Optical Ellipsometry (GME)SamplePolarizer 1Laser source45ºφ1Polarizer 2φ2maximum informationfrom anyreflection experimentPhotodetectorTop Viewsee A. Berger et al., APL 71, 965 (1997)Jones Matrices AnalysisMO LongitudinalMO TransversePure Opticala.berger@nanogune.eu I www.nanogune.eu
Experimental Magneto-OpticsGeneralized Magneto-Optical Ellipsometry (GME)SamplePolarizer 1Laser source45ºφ1Polarizer 2φ2PhotodetectorTop ViewppsspΦ1 91ºp-20000H (Oe) 2000φ2 0.5ºa.berger@nanogune.eu I www.nanogune.eu
Experimental Magneto-OpticsGeneralized Magneto-Optical Ellipsometry (GME)SamplePolarizer 1Laser source45ºφ1Polarizer 2φ2φ1 : 90ºφ2 : 2.5ºφ1 : 90ºφ2 : -1.0ºPhotodetectorTop Viewpp-2000 2000H (Oe)ssφ1 : 90ºp-2000 2000H (Oe)φ2 : 0.5ºφ1 : 90ºφ2 : -4.5ºp-2000 2000H (Oe)-2000 2000H (Oe)a.berger@nanogune.eu I www.nanogune.eu
Experimental Magneto-OpticsGeneralized Magneto-Optical Ellipsometry (GME)SamplePolarizer 1Laser source45ºφ1 8ºPolarizer 2φ2PhotodetectorAt the end we obtain adI/I map like this one foreach magnetic field 0.025 4ºTop Viewpφ2(deg)p0º0ss-4ºpp-0.025-8ºss86º90ºφ1 (deg)94ºa.berger@nanogune.eu I www.nanogune.eu
Experimental Magneto-OpticsGeneralized Magneto-Optical Ellipsometry (GME)SampleExperimentPolarizer 145ºFittingPolarizer 2 8ºLaser sourceφ1φ2Photodetector 4ºTop Viewφ20ºNon-linear Fitting-4ºIndependent Variable:Dependent Variables:Fitting nanogune.eu I www.nanogune.eu94º
Experimental Magneto-OpticsGeneralized Magneto-Optical Ellipsometry (GME)SampleFull Vector magnetometryPolarizer 1Laser source45ºφ1Polarizer 2φ2PhotodetectorTop Viewφ2Non-linear FittingIndependent Variable:Dependent Variables:Fitting Parameters:a.berger@nanogune.eu I www.nanogune.eu
Experimental Magneto-OpticsGeneralized Magneto-Optical Ellipsometry (GME)Full Vector magnetometryφ2a.berger@nanogune.eu I www.nanogune.eu
Experimental Magneto-OpticsGeneralized Magneto-Optical Ellipsometry (GME)SampleFull Vector magnetometryPolarizer 1Laser source45ºφ1Polarizer 2φ2PhotodetectorTop Viewφ2Non-linear FittingIndependent Variable:Dependent Variables:Fitting Parameters:a.berger@nanogune.eu I www.nanogune.eu
GME efficiency: data map 0.025φ2(deg)0-0.025 8º 8º 4º 4ºφ2(deg)0º0º-4º-4º-8º-8º86º 90º 94ºφ1 (deg)86º 90º 94ºφ1 (deg)x 1000 timesDiagonal DataSetParameterExact ValueµSquare 5P4-1,824E 00-1,823819E 006,823377E-03-1,824084E u I www.nanogune.eu
GME efficiency: data mapdata point impactResults:- SQ-lattice not optimal- DIA-lattice clear better- reliability improved- efficiency improveda.berger@nanogune.eu I www.nanogune.eu
Generalized Magneto-Optical Ellipsometry (GME)for Magnetic Materials Characterization- basic considerations- Light Polarization and Reflection- Jones Calculus and Ellipsometry- Fundamentals of Magneto-Optics- dielectric tensor- Nomenclature of Magneto-Optical effects- size of the Magneto-Optical effect- Generalized Magneto-Optical Ellipsometry- experimental set-up and capabilities- detection and analysis scheme- applications- recent developmentsAndreas Bergera.berger@nanogune.eu I www.nanogune.eu
Generalized Magneto-Optical Ellipsometry (GME)for Magnetic Materials Characterization- basicconsiderationsPaoloVavassoriJon Ander ArregiOlatz Ididgoras- Light Polarization and Reflection- Jones Calculus and Ellipsometry- Fundamentals of Magneto-OpticsJuan GonzalezCesar RufoDepartment of Industry, Trade and Tourism of theBasque Government, Provincial Council of GipuzkoaETORTEK Program: Project IE06-172- dielectric tensorMinistry of Science and Education:- Nomenclature of Magneto-OpticalSpanisheffectsConsolider-Ingenio 2010 Program, Project CSD2006-53- size of the Magneto-Optical effectEU-FP7-Project IEF 220166- Generalized Magneto-Optical Ellipsometry- experimental set-up and capabilities- detection and analysis schemeAndreas Berger- applications- recent developmentsa.berger@nanogune.eu I www.nanogune.eu
Generalized Magneto-Optical Ellipsometry (GME) for Magnetic Materials Characterization - basic considerations - Light Polarization and Reflection - Jones Calculus and Ellipsometry - Fundamentals of Magneto-Optics - dielectric tensor - Nomenclature of Mag
