Transcription
iSPSS Statistics Base 17.0User’s Guide
For more information about SPSS Inc. software products, please visit our Web site at http://www.spss.com or contactSPSS Inc.233 South Wacker Drive, 11th FloorChicago, IL 60606-6412Tel: (312) 651-3000Fax: (312) 651-3668SPSS is a registered trademark and the other product names are the trademarks of SPSS Inc. for its proprietary computersoftware. No material describing such software may be produced or distributed without the written permission of the owners ofthe trademark and license rights in the software and the copyrights in the published materials.The SOFTWARE and documentation are provided with RESTRICTED RIGHTS. Use, duplication, or disclosure by theGovernment is subject to restrictions as set forth in subdivision (c) (1) (ii) of The Rights in Technical Data and Computer Softwareclause at 52.227-7013. Contractor/manufacturer is SPSS Inc., 233 South Wacker Drive, 11th Floor, Chicago, IL 60606-6412.Patent No. 7,023,453General notice: Other product names mentioned herein are used for identification purposes only and may be trademarks oftheir respective companies.Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.Apple, Mac, and the Mac logo are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries.This product uses WinWrap Basic, Copyright 1993-2007, Polar Engineering and Consulting, http://www.winwrap.com.Printed in the United States of America.No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means,electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.ISBN-13: 978-1-56827-400-3ISBN-10: 1-56827-400-9123456789011 10 09 08
PrefaceSPSS Statistics 17.0SPSS Statistics 17.0 is a comprehensive system for analyzing data. SPSS Statistics can takedata from almost any type of file and use them to generate tabulated reports, charts and plots ofdistributions and trends, descriptive statistics, and complex statistical analyses.This manual, the SPSS Statistics Base 17.0 User’s Guide, documents the graphical user interfaceof SPSS Statistics. Examples using the statistical procedures found in SPSS Statistics Base 17.0are provided in the Help system, installed with the software.In addition, beneath the menus and dialog boxes, SPSS Statistics uses a command language.Some extended features of the system can be accessed only via command syntax. (Those featuresare not available in the Student Version.) Detailed command syntax reference information isavailable in two forms: integrated into the overall Help system and as a separate document in PDFform in the Command Syntax Reference, also available from the Help menu.SPSS Statistics OptionsThe following options are available as add-on enhancements to the full (not Student Version)SPSS Statistics Base system:Regression provides techniques for analyzing data that do not fit traditional linear statisticalmodels. It includes procedures for probit analysis, logistic regression, weight estimation,two-stage least-squares regression, and general nonlinear regression.Advanced Statistics focuses on techniques often used in sophisticated experimental and biomedicalresearch. It includes procedures for general linear models (GLM), linear mixed models, variancecomponents analysis, loglinear analysis, ordinal regression, actuarial life tables, Kaplan-Meiersurvival analysis, and basic and extended Cox regression.Custom Tables creates a variety of presentation-quality tabular reports, including complexstub-and-banner tables and displays of multiple response data.Forecasting performs comprehensive forecasting and time series analyses with multiplecurve-fitting models, smoothing models, and methods for estimating autoregressive functions.Categories performs optimal scaling procedures, including correspondence analysis.Conjoint provides a realistic way to measure how individual product attributes affect consumer andcitizen preferences. With Conjoint, you can easily measure the trade-off effect of each productattribute in the context of a set of product attributes—as consumers do when making purchasingdecisions.iii
Exact Tests calculates exact p values for statistical tests when small or very unevenly distributedsamples could make the usual tests inaccurate. This option is available only on Windowsoperating systems.Missing Values describes patterns of missing data, estimates means and other statistics, andimputes values for missing observations.Complex Samples allows survey, market, health, and public opinion researchers, as well as socialscientists who use sample survey methodology, to incorporate their complex sample designsinto data analysis.Decision Trees creates a tree-based classification model. It classifies cases into groups or predictsvalues of a dependent (target) variable based on values of independent (predictor) variables. Theprocedure provides validation tools for exploratory and confirmatory classification analysis.Data Preparation provides a quick visual snapshot of your data. It provides the ability to applyvalidation rules that identify invalid data values. You can create rules that flag out-of-rangevalues, missing values, or blank values. You can also save variables that record individual ruleviolations and the total number of rule violations per case. A limited set of predefined rules thatyou can copy or modify is provided.Neural Networks can be used to make business decisions by forecasting demand for a product as afunction of price and other variables, or by categorizing customers based on buying habits anddemographic characteristics. Neural networks are non-linear data modeling tools. They can beused to model complex relationships between inputs and outputs or to find patterns in data.EZ RFM performs RFM (receny, frequency, monetary) analysis on transaction data files andcustomer data files.Amos (analysis of moment structures) uses structural equation modeling to confirm and explainconceptual models that involve attitudes, perceptions, and other factors that drive behavior.InstallationTo install the Base system, run the License Authorization Wizard using the authorization codethat you received from SPSS Inc. For more information, see the installation instructions suppliedwith the Base system.CompatibilitySPSS Statistics is designed to run on many computer systems. See the installation instructions thatcame with your system for specific information on minimum and recommended requirements.Serial NumbersYour serial number is your identification number with SPSS Inc. You will need this serial numberwhen you contact SPSS Inc. for information regarding support, payment, or an upgraded system.The serial number was provided with your Base system.iv
Customer ServiceIf you have any questions concerning your shipment or account, contact your local office, listedon the Web site at http://www.spss.com/worldwide. Please have your serial number ready foridentification.Training SeminarsSPSS Inc. provides both public and onsite training seminars. All seminars feature hands-onworkshops. Seminars will be offered in major cities on a regular basis. For more information onthese seminars, contact your local office, listed on the Web site at http://www.spss.com/worldwide.Technical SupportTechnical Support services are available to maintenance customers. Customers maycontact Technical Support for assistance in using SPSS Statistics or for installation helpfor one of the supported hardware environments. To reach Technical Support, see theWeb site at http://www.spss.com, or contact your local office, listed on the Web site athttp://www.spss.com/worldwide. Be prepared to identify yourself, your organization, and theserial number of your system.Additional PublicationsThe SPSS Statistical Procedures Companion, by Marija Norušis, has been published byPrentice Hall. A new version of this book, updated for SPSS Statistics 17.0, is planned. The SPSSAdvanced Statistical Procedures Companion, also based on SPSS Statistics 17.0, is forthcoming.The SPSS Guide to Data Analysis for SPSS Statistics 17.0 is also in development. Announcementsof publications available exclusively through Prentice Hall will be available on the Web site athttp://www.spss.com/estore (select your home country, and then click Books).v
Contents1Overview1What’s New in Version 17.0? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Designated Window versus Active Window. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Status Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Dialog Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Variable Names and Variable Labels in Dialog Box Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Resizing Dialog Boxes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Dialog Box Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Selecting Variables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Data Type, Measurement Level, and Variable List Icons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Getting Information about Variables in Dialog Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Basic Steps in Data Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Statistics Coach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Finding Out More . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92Getting Help10Getting Help on Output Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113Data Files12Opening Data Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12To Open Data Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Data File Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Opening File Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Reading Excel 95 or Later Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Reading Older Excel Files and Other Spreadsheets . .Reading dBASE Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Reading Stata Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Reading Database Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Text Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Reading Dimensions Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .File Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .vi.1213131414141515283740
Saving Data Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41To Save Modified Data Files . . . . . . . .Saving Data Files in External Formats.Saving Data Files in Excel Format. . . .Saving Data Files in SAS Format . . . .Saving Data Files in Stata Format. . . .Saving Subsets of Variables. . . . . . . .Exporting to a Database. . . . . . . . . . .Exporting to Dimensions . . . . . . . . . .Protecting Original Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . .414144444647475960Virtual Active File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60Creating a Data Cache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624Distributed Analysis Mode64Server Login . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64Adding and Editing Server Login Settings.To Select, Switch, or Add Servers . . . . . .Searching for Available Servers. . . . . . . .Opening Data Files from a Remote Server . . . .65666767File Access in Local and Distributed Analysis Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67Availability of Procedures in Distributed Analysis Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68Absolute versus Relative Path Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695Data Editor70Data View. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70Variable View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71To Display or Define Variable Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Variable Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Variable Measurement Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Variable Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Variable Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Value Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Inserting Line Breaks in Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Missing Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Column Width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Variable Alignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Applying Variable Definition Attributes to Multiple Variables .Custom Variable Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .vii.727273747676777778787880
Customizing Variable View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82Spell Checking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83Entering Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84To Enter Numeric Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .To Enter Non-Numeric Data . . . . . . . . . . .To Use Value Labels for Data Entry. . . . . .Data Value Restrictions in the Data EditorEditing Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8485858585Replacing or Modifying Data Values . . . . . . .Cutting, Copying, and Pasting Data Values . . .Inserting New Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Inserting New Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .To Change Data Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Finding Cases, Variables, or Imputations . . . . . . . .868687878888Finding and Replacing Data and Attribute Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90Case Selection Status in the Data Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90Data Editor Display Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91Data Editor Printing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92To Print Data Editor Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 926Working with Multiple Data Sources93Basic Handling of Multiple Data Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93Working with Multiple Datasets in Command Syntax. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94Copying and Pasting Information between Datasets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95Renaming Datasets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95Suppressing Multiple Datasets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 967Data Preparation97Variable Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97Defining Variable Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97To Define Variable Properties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Defining Value Labels and Other Variable Properties .Assigning the Measurement Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Custom Variable Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Copying Variable Properties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Multiple Response Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98. . . 99. . 101. . 102. . 102. . 103Defining Multiple Response Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104viii
Copying Data Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106To Copy Data Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . .Selecting Source and Target Variables . .Choosing Variable Properties to Copy . . .Copying Dataset (File) Properties . . . . . . .Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Identifying Duplicate Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107107109110113113Visual Binning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116To Bin Variables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Binning Variables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Automatically Generating Binned Categories .Copying Binned Categories . . . . . . . . . . . . . .User-Missing Values in Visual Binning . . . . . .8.Data Transformations.117117119121123124Computing Variables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124Compute Variable: If Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126Compute Variable: Type and Label . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127Missing Values in Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127Random Number Generators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128Count Occurrences of Values within Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129Count Values within Cases: Values to Count. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129Count Occurrences: If Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130Shift Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131Recoding Values. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132Recode into Same Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132Recode into Same Variables: Old and New Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133Recode into Different Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135Recode into Different Variables: Old and New Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135Automatic Recode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137Rank Cases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140Rank Cases: Types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141Rank Cases: Ties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142Date and Time Wizard. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142Dates and Times in SPSS Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Create a Date/Time Variable from a String . . . . . . . . .Create a Date/Time Variable from a Set of Variables. .Add or Subtract Values from Date/Time Variables . . .ix.144145146148
Extract Part of a Date/Time Variable. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155Time Series Data Transformations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157Define Dates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Create Time Series . . . . . . . . . . .Replace Missing Values. . . . . . . .Scoring Data with Predictive Models .158159161163Loading a Saved Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164Displaying a List of Loaded Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166Additional Features Available with Command Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1669File Handling and File Transformations167Sort Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167Sort Variables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168Transpose. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169Merging Data Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170Add Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170Add Cases: Rename . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Add Cases: Dictionary Information. . . . . .Merging More Than Two Data Sources . .Add Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173173173173Add Variables: Rename . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175Merging More Than Two Data Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175Aggregate Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175Aggregate Data: Aggregate Function. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178Aggregate Data: Variable Name and Label. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178Split File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179Select Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180Select Cases: If . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Select Cases: Random Sample . .Select Cases: Range . . . . . . . . . .Weight Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181182183183Restructuring Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184To Restructure Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Restructure Data Wizard: Select Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Restructure Data Wizard (Variables to Cases): Number of Variable Groups . . . . .Restructure Data Wizard (Variables to Cases): Select Variables. . . . . . . . . . . . . .Restructure Data Wizard (Variables to Cases): Create Index Variables. . . . . . . . .Restructure Data Wizard (Variables to Cases): Create One Index Variable . . . . . .Restructure Data Wizard (Variables to Cases): Create Multiple Index Variables . .Restructure Data Wizard (Variables to Cases): Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .x.185185189190192194195196
Restructure Data Wizard (Cases to Variables): Select Variables. .Restructure Data Wizard (Cases to Variables): Sort Data . . . . . . .Restructure Data Wizard (Cases to Variables): Options . . . . . . . .Restructure Data Wizard: Finish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 Working with Output.197199199201203Viewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203Showing and Hiding Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Moving, Deleting, and Copying Output . . . . . . . . .Changing Initial Alignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Changing Alignment of Output Items . . . . . . . . . .Viewer Outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Adding Items to the Viewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Finding and Replacing Information in the Viewer .Copying Output into Other Applications. . . . . . . . . . . .204204205205205207208209To Copy and Paste Output Items into Another Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209Export Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210HTML Options . . . . . . . . .Word/RTF Options . . . . . .Excel Options. . . . . . . . . .PowerPoint Options . . . . .PDF Options. . . . . . . . . . .Text Options. . . . . . . . . . .Graphics Only Options . . .Graphics Format Options .Viewer Printing . . . . . . . . . . . .
The SPSS Statistical Procedures Companion, by Marija Norušis, has been published by Prentice Hall. A new version of this book, updated for SPSS Statistics 17.0, is planned. TheSPSS Advanced Statistical Procedures Companion, also based on SPSS Statistics 17.0, is forthcoming. The SPSS Guide
