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National Wood PoleStandards Nelson G. Bingel III ASC O5 Chairman NESC ChairmanPresident(678) 850-1461nbingel@nelsonresearch.net1

Benefits of Wood as a Utility Pole Material Long-Life Span 45 years national average without remedial treatment Lowest cost Both initial and full life-cycle costs Proven Performance “Go to” overhead line construction material since theearly 1900’s Climb-ability Ability to service attachments without heavy equipment2

Benefits of Wood as a Utility Pole Material Supply Chain is Proven Even in natural disaster events where demand is high, the woodpole industry has provided poles in required timeline. Beneficial Physical Properties Good insulator, resilience to wind and mechanical impacts Easy Maintenance and Modification in service “Green” a treated wood pole has a reduced environmental impact whencompared to other utility pole materials. A renewable and plentiful resource“10 Features Often Overlooked About the Extraordinary Wood Pole.” North American Wood Pole Council. www.woodpoles.org3

ANSIAmerican National Standards Institute4

ANSIAmerican National Standards InstituteANSI accredits the procedures of standards developing organizations5

ANSIAmerican National Standards InstituteANSI accredits the procedures of standards developing organizationsNational consensus standards6

ANSIAmerican National Standards InstituteANSI accredits the procedures of standards developing organizationsNational consensus standardsOpenness, balance, consensus and due process7

American Standards Committee O5 – ASC O5American National Standards InstituteAmerican Standards Committee O5USERSPRODUCERSGENERAL INTEREST8

National Wood Pole StandardsASC O5NESCAccredited StandardsCommittee O5:Standards for Wood UtilityStructures Secretariat: AWPA Revised: 5 year cycle Founded in 19249

ASC O5 StandardsPolesGlu-LamCrossarmsO5.4 - 2009 Naturally Durable Hardwood PolesO5.5 - 2010 Wood Ground Wire MouldingO5.6 - 2010 Solid Sawn Naturally Durable Hardwood Crossarms & BracesO5.TR.01-2004 Photographic Manual of Wood Pole Characteristics10

http://asco5.org/standards/11

http://asco5.org/standards/12

ScopeSingle Pole13

ScopeSimple CantileverSingle Pole14

ScopeSimple CantileverTransverseSingle Pole15

ScopeSimple CantileverTransverseSingle PoleGroundline16

Maximum Stress PointSolid, Round, Tapered, CantileverLoad(Wind Force on Wires, Equip., etc.)17

Maximum Stress PointSolid, Round, Tapered, CantileverLoad(Wind Force on Wires, Equip., etc.)Max Stress @ 1.5 Diameter Load Point18

Maximum Stress PointSolid, Round, Tapered, CantileverLoad(Wind Force on Wires, Equip., etc.)Max Stress @ 1.5 Diameter Load PointDistribution Usually Groundline19

Maximum Stress PointSolid, Round, Tapered, CantileverLoad(Wind Force on Wires, Equip., etc.)Max Stress @ 1.5 Diameter Load PointDistribution Usually Groundline20

ANSI O5.1 – Wood PolesWoodQuality21

ANSI O5.1 – Wood ons22

Wood Quality Allowable knots23

Wood Quality Sweep24

Wood Quality Growth Rings25

Pole Marking & Code Letters26

Pole Marking & Code Letters27

Transverse Wind LoadsIce28

Class Loads2 ftLcClass1097654321H1H2H3H4H5H6HorizontalLoad 6,4007,5008,70010,00011,40029

General Class Load Applications2 ad (lb)Industry Use370740Telecom Only Poles1,2001,5001,9002,400 00011,400Transmission30

Strengths are Average Values31

Wood vs. Steel VariabilityASCE Manual and Reports on Engineering Practice No. 14132

Applied Bending Load2 ftLcClass 1Class 2Class 3Class 4Class 54,500 lb3,700 lb3,000 lb2,400 lb1,900 lb33

Applied Bending Load2 ftDLcClass 1Class 2Class 3Class 4Class 54,500 lb3,700 lb3,000 lb2,400 lb1,900 lb34

Applied Bending Load2 ftLcApplied Bending Load Lc x D (ft-lb)DClass 1Class 2Class 3Class 4Class 54,500 lb3,700 lb3,000 lb2,400 lb1,900 lb35

L x D Bending Moment (ft-lb)40 ft Class 42400 lb32 ft76,800 ft-lb36

L x D Bending Moment (ft-lb)50 ft Class 440 ft Class 42400 lb2400 lb41 ft32 ft76,800 ft-lb98,400 ft-lb37

Fiber StrengthLc38

Fiber StrengthLcTension(psi)Compression(psi)39

Fiber StrengthLcTension(psi)Compression(psi)Fiber Strength40

Fiber StrengthLckTension(psi)xCompression(psi)Bending Capacity fiber strength x C3 (ft-lb)Fiber Strength41

Circumference3 EffectMG/L .000264 x Fiber Stress x Circumference 326”37,120 ft-lb34”83,010 ft-lbCircumference Increase - 30%Bending Capacity Increase - 123%42

Circumference3 EffectMG/L .000264 x Fiber Strength x Circumference 326”37,120 ft-lb34”83,010 ft-lbCircumference Increase - 30%Bending Capacity Increase - 123%43

Circumference3 EffectMG/L .000264 x Fiber Strength x Circumference 326”34”80-90%Pole’s Bending StrengthIn The Outer 2-3” Of Shell!37,120 ft-lb83,010 ft-lbCircumference Increase - 30%Bending Capacity Increase - 123%44

Table 1 – Designated Fiber Strength45

Table 1 – Designated Fiber StrengthGroup AAir Seasoning46

Table 1 – Designated Fiber StrengthGroup AAir SeasoningGroup BBoulton Drying47

Table 1 – Designated Fiber StrengthGroup AAir SeasoningGroup BBoulton DryingGroup CSteam Conditioning48

Table 1 – Designated Fiber StrengthGroup AAir SeasoningGroup BBoulton DryingGroup CSteam ConditioningGroup DKiln Drying49

Table 1 – Designated Fiber StrengthSouthern Yellow Pine8,000 psiDouglas fir8,000 psiWestern red cedar6,000 psi50

Pole Species51

Pole Species52

Pole SpeciesDistribution:Southern Yellow PineTransmission:Douglas firWestern red cedarSouthern Pine53

Pole SpeciesDistribution:Douglas firTransmissionDouglas firWestern red cedarDistribution:Southern Yellow PineTransmission:Douglas firWestern red cedarSouthern Pine54

Table 1 – Designated Fiber Strength55

Table 1 – Designated Fiber Strength1) The effects of conditioning on fiber strength have been accounted for in the Table 1values provided that conditioning was performed within the limits herein prescribed.56

Table 1 – Designated Fiber Strength1) The effects of conditioning on fiber strength have been accounted for in the Table 1values provided that conditioning was performed within the limits herein prescribed.4) The designated fiber strength represents a mean, groundline, fiber strength valuewith a coefficient of variation equal to 0.20.57

Through-boring58

Oregon State University-Through-Boring Project-59

60

61

Through-boring62

Table 1 – Designated Fiber Strength1) The effects of conditioning on fiber strength have been accounted for in the Table 1values provided that conditioning was performed within the limits herein prescribed.4) The designated fiber strength represents a mean, groundline, fiber strength valuewith a coefficient of variation equal to 0.20.5) Where Douglas-fir (coastal or Interior North) are through-bored prior to treatment, toaccount for the process, the designated fiber strength shall be reduced 5% to 7600 psi.63

2017 Table 1 added MOE64

2017 Table 1 added MOE65

2017 Table 1 added MOE1) The fiber strength and MOE values in Table 1 apply to wood utility poles meeting thisstandard. The effects of conditioning on fiber strength and MOE have been accounted for .66

2017 Table 1 added MOE1) The fiber strength and MOE values in Table 1 apply to wood utility poles meeting thisstandard. The effects of conditioning on fiber strength and MOE have been accounted for .7) The Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) represents a mean value.67

Circumference Dimensions6ftG/LTIP68

Circumference Dimensions6ftTIPG/LkxBending Capacity fiber strength x C3 (ft-lb)69

Circumference Dimension Tables70

Circumference Dimension Tables71

Circumference Dimension Tables1) The figures in this column are not recommended embedment depths; rather,these values are intended for use only when a definition of groundline is necessaryin order to apply requirements relating to scars, straightness, etc.72

Circumference Dimension Tables73

Annex B: Groundline Stresses74

Annex B: Groundline StressesMinimum circumferences specified at 6 feet from the buttWere calculated so each species in a given classCan support the class horizontal load applied 2 ft from the tip75

Annex B: Groundline StressesMinimum circumferences specified at 6 feet from the buttWere calculated so each species in a given classCan support the class horizontal load applied 2 ft from the tipApplied Bending Load Lc x D (ft-lb)76

Annex B: Groundline StressesMinimum circumferences specified at 6 feet from the buttWere calculated so each species in a given classCan support the class horizontal load applied 2 ft from the tipApplied Bending Load Bending Capacity Lc x D (ft-lb)k x fiber strength x C3 (ft-lb)77

Pole Dimension TableSouthern Pine and Douglas Fir(in)7878

Pole Dimension TableSouthern Pine and Douglas Fir(in)7979

Pole Dimension TableSouthern Pine and Douglas Fir(in)8080

Pole Dimension TableSouthern Pine and Douglas FirApplied Bending Load Class Load * Distance76,800 ft-lbs 2,400 lbs* 32ft(in)8181

Pole Dimension TableSouthern Pine and Douglas FirApplied Bending Load Class Load * Distance76,800 ft-lbs 2,400 lbs* 32ft(in)Bending Capacity k x fiber strength x C379,401 ft-lbs .000264 x 8000x 33.538282

40 ft Class 4 PolesDouglas fir(8000 psi)Western Red Cedar(6000 psi)83

40 ft Class 4 Poles2400 lbDouglas fir(8000 psi)Western Red Cedar(6000 psi)84

40 ft Class 4 Poles2400 lbDouglas fir(8000 psi)33 1/2”Western Red Cedar(6000 psi)36 1/2”85

Annex B: Groundline StressesNote 786

Annex B: Groundline StressesNote 7Average circumference tapersin the groundline zone of a pole87

ANSI O5.1 Summary2 ftBendingCapacity kLcxfiber strengthxC3 (ft-lb)88

ANSI O5.1 Summary2 ftBendingCapacity kLcxfiber strengthxC3 (ft-lb)89

ANSI O5.1 Summary2 ftLcAll SpeciesSame Length & ClassSimilar Load CapacityBendingCapacity kxfiber strengthxC3 (ft-lb)90

ANSI O5.1 Summary2 ftLcAll SpeciesSame Length & ClassSimilar Load CapacityBendingCapacity kxfiber strengthxC3 (ft-lb)91

ANSI O5.1 Summary2 ftLcAll SpeciesSame Length & ClassSimilar Load CapacityBendingCapacity kxfiber strengthxC3 (ft-lb)92

Fiber Strength ValuesForest Products Lab1965 PublicationFiber StrengthDerivation93

FPL 39 Table 4Final Adopted Fiber Strengths94

FPL 39 Table 4Final Adopted Fiber StrengthsNear 5% Lower Exclusion LimitOf Actual Average Bending StrengthOf Three Pole Groups95

Newer Test Data That Was Adjustedto Align with FPL 39Annex C – Poles 50 ft96

Newer Test Data That Was Adjustedto Align with FPL 39Annex C – Poles 50 ft and longer97

All Adjusted Full Scale Break TestsASTMEPRI98

All Adjusted Full Scale Break TestsASTMNo ChangetoEPRIPrevious Fiber Strengths99

Annex AFiber Stress Height Effect100

Annex AFiber Stress Height EffectRound timbers are known todecrease in ultimate unit strengthwith height above ground.101

Actual Pole Dimensions WA OR MTMEND MNID SDVT NHMIWI WY PAIANENVOHUTAZVAMOKYTNOKARNM MSTX LANJWVCOKSMARICTMCD DEDINILCANYAL NC SC GA FLSample Locations Coastal DF & Western Red (3) Northern Red Pine (3) Southern Yellow Pine (16) Western Red Cedar (5)Coastal Douglas Fir (8)102

Pole Circumference Data Coastal Douglas fir6,997 poles9 Producers; 11 Locations Southern Yellow Pine6,634 poles11 Producers; 16 Locations Western Red Cedar6,982 poles5 Producers; 9 Locations Northern Red Pine2,266 poles2 Producers; 4 Locations103

Pole Circumference Data Coastal Douglas fir6,997 poles9 Producers; 11 Locations Southern Yellow Pine6,634 poles11 Producers; 16 Locations Western Red Cedar6,982 poles5 Producers; 9 Locations Northern Red Pine2,266 poles2 Producers; 4 LocationsGrand Total 22,859 poles104

Fiber Stress Height Effect (FSHE) Tips average 1.5 to 2 classes larger Poles 55 ft and shorter Maximum stress is usually at G/L– FSHE not applied Maximum stress for guyed poles may be above G/L– Oversize offsets fiber stress height effect Poles 60 ft and taller If maximum stress is at the G/L, no FSHE If maximum stress is above ground, tables forreduction105

ASC O5 ossarmsO5.4 - 2009 Naturally Durable Hardwood PolesO5.5 - 2010 Wood Ground Wire MouldingO5.6 - 2010 Solid Sawn Naturally Durable Hardwood Crossarms & BracesO5.TR.01-2004 Photographic Manual of Wood Pole Characteristics106