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otolaryngologyHead & NeckS u r g e r yclinical reference GuideF if t h E d it ion
otolaryngologyHead & NeckS u r g e r yclinical reference GuideF if t h E d it ionRaza Pasha, MDJustin S. Golub, MD, MS
5521 Ruffin RoadSan Diego, CA 92123e-mail: info@pluralpublishing.comWebsite: www.pluralpublishing.comCopyright 2018 by Plural Publishing, Inc.Typeset in 9/11 Adobe Garamond Pro by Flanagan’s Publishing Services, Inc.Printed in the United States of America by McNaughton & GunnAll rights, including that of translation, reserved. No part of this publication may bereproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means,electronic, mechanical, recording, or otherwise, including photocopying, recording,taping, Web distribution, or information storage and retrieval systems without the priorwritten consent of the publisher.For permission to use material from this text, contact us byTelephone: (866) 758-7251Fax: (888) 758-7255e-mail: permissions@pluralpublishing.comEvery attempt has been made to contact the copyright holders for material originally printed inanother source. If any have been inadvertently overlooked, the publishers will gladly make thenecessary arrangements at the first opportunity.NOTICE TO THE READERCare has been taken to confirm the accuracy of the indications, procedures, drug dosages, anddiagnosis and remediation protocols presented in this book and to ensure that they conformto the practices of the general medical and health services communities. However, the authors,editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for any consequences fromapplication of the information in this book and make no warranty, expressed or implied, withrespect to the currency, completeness, or accuracy of the contents of the publication. Thediagnostic and remediation protocols and the medications described do not necessarily havespecific approval by the Food and Drug administration for use in the disorders and/or diseasesand dosages for which they are recommended. Application of this information in a particular situation remains the professional responsibility of the practitioner. Because standards ofpractice and usage change, it is the responsibility of the practitioner to keep abreast of revisedrecommendations, dosages, and procedures.Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:Names: Pasha, R., author. Golub, Justin S., author.Title: Otolaryngology : head and neck surgery : clinical reference guide /Raza Pasha, Justin S. Golub.Description: Fifth edition. San Diego, CA : Plural, [2018] Includesbibliographical references and index.Identifiers: LCCN 2017028235 ISBN 9781944883393 (alk. paper) ISBN1944883398 (alk. paper)Subjects: MESH: Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases--surgery Face--surgery Head--surgery Neck--surgery Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical ProceduresClassification: LCC RF46 NLM WV 168 DDC 617.5/1059--dc23LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017028235
ContentsPreface to the Fifth EditionPreface to the Fourth EditionContributorsCommon Abbreviations in Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryChapter 1Chapter 2Rhinology and Paranasal SinusesMatthew Kim, Qasim Husain, Justin S. Golub,Steven C. Marks, and Raza PashaAnatomy of the Nose and Paranasal SinusesPhysiology of the Nose and Paranasal SinusesEvaluation for Nasal ObstructionNasal DiseasesAllergy and RhinitisParanasal Sinus DiseaseSinus SurgeryImmunologySalivary GlandsOscar Trujillo, Justin S. Golub, and Raza PashaSalivary Gland Anatomy and PhysiologyGeneral Salivary Gland PathologyBenign Salivary Gland TumorsSalivary Gland 7478848891Chapter 3Laryngology93Ashley P. O’Connell Ferster, Amanda Hu,James P. Dworkin, Robert J. Meleca, Robert J. Stachler,Justin S. Golub, and Raza PashaLaryngeal Anatomy and Physiology94The Hoarse (Dysphonic) Patient98Upper Airway Obstruction102Benign Laryngeal Pathology109Neurogenic and Other Vocal Pathologies120Chapter 4Otolaryngologic EndocrinologyJiahui Lin, Kenny F. Lin, Richard Chan Woo Park,Justin S. Golub, and Raza PashaThyroidParathyroidsv129130147
vi Otolaryngology-Head and Neck SurgeryChapter 5Sleep MedicineRaza Pasha, Sarah E. Keesecker, and Justin S. GolubSleep PhysiologyPolysomnography (PSG)Sleep-Disordered Breathing (SDB)Other Sleep-Related Disorders153154156166177Chapter 6General Otolaryngology187Mahmoud I. Awad, Valeria Silva Merea,Robert J. Stachler, Terry Y. Shibuya,Justin S. Golub, and Raza PashaEsophageal and Swallowing Disorders188Oral and Oropharyngeal Benign Disorders206Odontogenic, Jaw, and Bone Pathology220Neck Masses232Neck Planes, Spaces, and Infection239Head and Neck Manifestations of Systemic Diseases 245Chapter 7Head and Neck CancerRichard Chan Woo Park, Vishad Nabili,George H. Yoo, Justin S. Golub, and Raza PashaCancer Staging IndexIntroduction to Head and Neck CancerChemotherapy and Radiation TherapyCancer of the NeckOral CancerOropharyngeal CancerHypopharyngeal CancerLaryngeal CancerNasopharyngeal CancerNasal and Paranasal CancerCutaneous MalignanciesOther Head and Neck NeoplasmsRobotic Surgery255Otology and NeurotologyTheodore R. McRackan, Jonathan L. Hatch,Matthew L. Carlson, Syed F. Ahsan, Dennis I. Bojrab,Raza Pasha, and Justin S. GolubAnatomy, Embryology, and Physiology of Hearingand BalanceAudiology and Hearing DevicesApproach to Hearing Loss and Tinnitus339Chapter 8256257264277284289294297310312318326335340353366
CONTENTS viiInfections of the Ear and Temporal BoneNoninfectious Disorders of the Ear andTemporal BoneVestibular PathologyThe Facial Nerve373389Reconstructive and Facial Plastic SurgeryRohan R. Joshi, Qasim Husain, Richard Chan Woo Park,Richard Zoumalan, Joseph F. Goodman, Neil Tanna,Richard L. Arden, Justin S. Golub, and Raza PashaFundamentals of Wound HealingHead and Neck Reconstructive FlapsGrafts, Implants, and ExpandersFacial Reconstruction TechniquesFacial Aesthetic asty (Rhytidectomy, Facelift)Forehead Lift and Brow LiftLiposurgeryComplications of Rhytidectomy, Brow Lift,LiposurgeryChin and Malar AugmentationFacial ResurfacingFillers, Skin Substitutes, and InjectionsSurgery for AlopeciaIncision/Excision Planning and Scar Revisions441Chapter 10 Pediatric OtolaryngologyValerie Cote, Amy Li Dimachkieh, Jeremy David Prager,Peggy E. Kelley, Christopher R. Grindle, Tulio A. Valdez,and Justin S. GolubThe Pediatric EncounterGeneral Pediatric Otolaryngology and Pediatric SleepPediatric RhinologyPediatric LaryngoesophagologyPediatric Salivary GlandsPediatric OtologyPediatric Syndromes and Congenital DisordersPediatric Head and Neck SurgeryPediatric Reconstructive and Facial Plastic SurgeryPediatric Head and Neck Trauma529Chapter 16520521531532550557577580595603616625
viii Otolaryngology-Head and Neck SurgeryChapter 11 Head and Neck TraumaRohan R. Joshi, Oscar Trujillo, Cody A. Koch,Timothy D. Doerr, Robert H. Mathog,and Raza PashaEvaluation of the Head and Neck Trauma PatientMandibular FracturesMaxillary FracturesZygomaticomaxillary and Orbital FracturesFrontal Sinus and Naso-Orbitoethmoid FracturesNasal FracturesTemporal Bone and Otologic TraumaPenetrating Head and Neck TraumaLaryngeal TraumaSoft Tissue Trauma629Appendix A Cancer Staging IndexAppendix B Cranial NervesAppendix C RadiologyStephanie Y. Chen, Anju Dubey, and Gul MoonisAppendix D AnesthesiaRaza Pasha and Justin S. 69693
Preface to the Fifth EditionThe fourth begets a fifth and, like a cauldron of cooling magma, theseeditions are becoming more and more challenging to churn. This initialpet project when I was jet-black-haired has now become that insatiableWaponian volcano god that demands and demands episodic updates. Sohere you go, the public, for your consumption. I’ve asked for a reprievefor at least a few years or so until the beast requires another sacrifice of anepoch of time and effort.But I kid!! True, it’s not always the best of times revisiting Alport versusApert on my holiday, yet I’m happy to serve. This edition bookmarks theera of Trump . . . a divided nation of ballooners and anti-ballooners. I onlyask one thing . . . stop taking out uvulas. That little punching bag hasGod’s/Darwinian purposes beyond all of us. Oh, and also never ever usethe term uvulopharyngopalatoplasty. That term belongs in a song fromMary Poppins. Quite frankly it sounds dumb, no one knows what it meansanymore, and I’m tired of hearing they were told that “it” doesn’t work.“Palatal reconstruction” please; it’s sexier.OK, off the sermon, enjoy the book, study hard, and all the best.See you at conference.— Raza PashaP.S. Need to give a shout out to Abdullah Al-Bader who humbled the authorsand editors by providing 5 pages of errata from the fourth edition. Dr. AlBader would later provide 23 alternative pathways to our academy’s positionpaper on cerumen impaction (total joke . . . we appreciate Abdullah).ix
Preface to the Fourth EditionThis fourth edition evens out my staggered, shadow-boxed display in myoffice waiting room. It also satisfies an essential update and provides anintroduction to our more-than-welcome Little People chapter for those ofyou entrenched in transmittable conjunctivitis and the everlasting cold/influenza rotation.As for me, I’ve spent the last few years as a target for academicsand skeptics alike lecturing cross-country on “hot button” topics such asindications of in-office balloon sinuplasty and the surgical managementof sleep apnea. Should you ever find yourself with a desire to nettle tothe brink of combat, walk into a rhinology conference and brag abouthow balloon sinuplasty is the greatest thing since electrocautery. Betteryet, whisper to your pulmonologist colleague that you operated on his23-year-old bachelor referral last week by jerking his 4 tonsils withoutoffering him a CPAP machine. “What?!!! You didn’t even have the decencyto offer him a dental appliance so he can experience referred otalgia andteeth shifting first?!?”No worries though. You’d be pressed to find any controversial pointsin this handbook. No need for naked disclosures. We’re once again, nononsense. We’ve kept to the highlights so you can pass your boards andpossibly prevent an occasional cauliflower ear now and then.No specific acknowledgments section this year, since a well-deservedJustin Golub is now blazed in the front of the book and authors are credited within.Deeply entrenched in midlife, with three sprouting legacies, my timeis apportioned between soccer matches, Super Mario marathons, andpiano recitals. I dream about Mary’s Little Lamb as an adjuvant remedyfor psycho-physiological insomnia. The fourth edition is a product of myfree time. I was tempted to include illustrations of the cochlear labyrinthcrafted by my 5-year-old. Wanting to minimize distractions and leavingsomething for inclusion in the fifth edition, I opted to leave those out.Thanks for your support.— Raza Pashax
ContributorsItalic lines indicate areas of author’s contributions.Detroit, MichiganFounding PresidentAmerican CISEPO (CanadaInternational ScientificExchange Program)Toronto, CanadaChapter 8Syed F. Ahsan, MD, FACSOtology/Neurotology Departmentof Head and Neck SurgeryKaiser Permanente-SouthernCalifornia,Anaheim, CAClinical Asst. ProfessorDepartment of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck SurgeryUC IrvineOrange, CaliforniaChapter 8Matthew L. Carlson, MDAssociate Professor ofOtolaryngology–Head & NeckSurgeryAssociate Professor ofNeurosurgeryDirector, Neurotology FellowshipProgramMedical Director, CochlearImplant ProgramMayo ClinicRochester, MinnesotaChapter 8Richard L. ArdenWilliam Beaumont HospitalTroy, MichiganChapter 9Mahmoud I. Awad, MDResident PhysicianOtolaryngology–Head and NeckSurgeryNewYork-Presbyterian HospitalUniversity Hospital of Columbiaand CornellNew York, New YorkChapter 6Stephanie Y. Chen, BMMedical StudentCollege of Physicians andSurgeonsColumbia UniversityNew York, New YorkRadiology AppendixDennis I. Bojrab, MDCEO and Director of ResearchMichigan Ear InstituteProfessor of OtolaryngologyOakland University WilliamBeaumont School of MedicineRochester Hills, MichiganClinical Professor of Otolaryngologyand NeurosurgeryWayne State UniversityValerie Cote, MD, CM, FAAP,FRCSCPediatric OtolaryngologistDivision of Otolaryngology–Headand Neck SurgeryAdvocate Children’s HospitalOak Lawn, IllinoisChapter 10xi
xii Otolaryngology-Head and Neck SurgeryAmy Dimachkieh, MDFellowDepartment of PediatricOtolaryngologyChildren’s Hospital ColoradoUniversity of ColoradoAurora, ColoradoChapter 10Timothy D. Doerr, MD, FACSAssociate ProfessorResidency Program DirectorHead of Facial Plastic SurgeryDepartment of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Rochester MedicalCenterRochester, New YorkChapter 11Anju Dubey, MD, MSClinical Assistant ProfessorDepartment of RadiologySUNY Downstate Medical CenterBrooklyn, New YorkRadiology AppendixJames P. DworkinProfessorDepartment of OtolaryngologyDetroit Medical CenterDetroit, MichiganCollege of Osteopathic MedicineMichigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MichiganChapter 3Ashley P. O’Connell Ferster, MDResident PhysicianDivision of Otolaryngology–Headand Neck SurgeryPenn State HealthMilton S. Hershey MedicalCenterHershey, PennsylvaniaChapter 3Justin S. Golub, MD, MSAssistant ProfessorOtology, Neurotology, and SkullBase SurgeryDepartment of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryCollege of Physicians andSurgeonsColumbia UniversityNewYork-Presbyterian/ColumbiaUniversity Medical CenterNew York, New YorkJoseph F. Goodman, MDDivision of Otolaryngology–Headand Neck SurgeryGeorge Washington UniversityWashington, District of ColumbiaChapter 9Christopher R. Grindle, MDPediatric OtolaryngologistConnecticut Children’s MedicalCenterAssistant ProfessorUniversity of Connecticut Schoolof MedicineHartford, ConnecticutChapter 10Jonathan L. Hatch, MDClinical InstructorMedical University of SouthCarolinaCharleston, South CarolinaChapter 8Amanda Hu, MD, FRCSCAssistant ProfessorLaryngologistDepartment of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryDrexel University College ofMedicinePhiladelphia, PennsylvaniaChapter 3
CONTRIBUTORS Qasim Husain, MDResident PhysicianOtolaryngology–Head and NeckSurgeryNewYork-Presbyterian HospitalUniversity Hospital of Columbiaand CornellNew York, New YorkChapters 1 and 9Rohan R. Joshi, MDResident PhysicianOtolaryngology–Head and NeckSurgeryNewYork-Presbyterian HospitalUniversity Hospital of Columbiaand CornellNew York, New YorkChapters 9 and 11Sarah E. Keesecker, MDResident PhysicianOtolaryngology–Head and NeckSurgeryNewYork-Presbyterian HospitalUniversity Hospital of Columbiaand CornellNew York, New YorkChapter 5Peggy E. Kelley, MD, FACS,FAAPAssociate Professor ofOtolaryngologyUniversity of ColoradoPediatric OtolaryngologyAurora, ColoradoChapter 10Matthew Kim, MDResident PhysicianOtolaryngology–Head and NeckSurgeryNewYork-Presbyterian HospitalUniversity Hospital of Columbiaand CornellxiiiNew York, New YorkChapter 1Cody A. Koch, MD, PhDClinical InstructorDepartment of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of WashingtonSeattle, WashingtonKoch Facial Plastic SurgeryDes Moines, IowaChapter 11Jiahui Lin, MDResident PhysicianOtolaryngology–Head and NeckSurgeryNewYork-Presbyterian HospitalUniversity Hospital of Columbiaand CornellNew York, New YorkChapter 4Kenny F. Lin, MDResident PhysicianOtolaryngology–Head and NeckSurgeryNewYork-Presbyterian HospitalUniversity Hospital of Columbiaand CornellNew York, New YorkChapter 4Steven C. Marks, MDPrivate PracticeHavre de Grace, MarylandChapter 1Robert H. Mathog, PhD, MD(deceased)Professor and ChairmanDepartment of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryWayne State UniversityKarmanos HospitalHarper HospitalDetroit, Michigan
xiv Otolaryngology-Head and Neck SurgeryOakwood HospitalDearborn, MichiganCrittenton HospitalRochester Hills, MichiganChapter 11Theodore R. McRackan, MDDirector, Lateral Skull BaseProgramAssistant ProfessorMedical University of SouthCarolinaCharleston, South CarolinaChapter 8Robert J. Meleca, MD, FACSGrand Rapids ENT, PCGrand Rapids, MichiganChapter 3Gul Moonis, MDAssociate Professor of RadiologyCollege of Physicians andSurgeonsColumbia UniversityNewYork-Presbyterian/ColumbiaUniversity Medical CenterNew York, New YorkRadiology AppendixVishad Nabili, MD, FACSDiplomate, ABFPRSAssociate ProfessorClinical Head and Neck SurgeryResidency Program DirectorDepartment of Head and NeckSurgeryUniversity of California, LosAngelesLos Angeles, CaliforniaChapter 7Richard Chan Woo Park, MD,FACSAssistant ProfessorDepartment of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryRutgers New Jersey MedicalSchoolNewark, New JerseyChapters 4, 7, and 9Raza Pasha, MDPasha Snoring and Sinus CenterChief Medical OfficerAltus Healthcare ManagementServicesHouston, TexasAssistant Clinical ProfessorUTMB School of MedicineGalveston, TexasJeremy David Prager, MDAssociate ProfessorPediatric OtolaryngologyChildren’s Hospital ColoradoUniversity of Colorado School ofMedicineAurora, ColoradoChapter 10Terry Y. Shibuya, MD, FACSCo-Director SCPMG Head andNeck Tumor BoardCo-Director SCPMG Skull BaseSurgery Center of ExcellenceFull-Time PartnerDepartment of Head and NeckSurgerySouthern California PermanenteMedical GroupOrange County, CaliforniaAssistant Clinical ProfessorDepartment of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of California, IrvineSchool of MedicineIrvine, CaliforniaChapter 6
CONTRIBUTORS Valeria Silva Merea, MDResident PhysicianOtolaryngology–Head and NeckSurgeryNewYork-Presbyterian HospitalUniversity Hospital of Columbiaand CornellNew York, New YorkChapter 6Robert J. StachlerSenior StaffOtolaryngology–Head and NeckSurgeryHenry Ford Medical GroupDivision ChiefLakeside Medical CenterClinical Associate ProfessorWayne State UniversityDepartment of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryDetroit, MichiganChapters 3 and 6Neil Tanna, MD, MBAAssociate ProfessorPlastic Surgery andOtolaryngologyHofstra North Shore–LIJ Schoolof MedicineHuntington, New YorkDivision of Plastic andReconstructive SurgeryNew York Head and NeckInstituteNew York, New YorkChapter 9Oscar Trujillo, MD, MSResident PhysicianxvOtolaryngology–Head and NeckSurgeryNewYork-Presbyterian HospitalUniversity Hospital of Columbiaand CornellNew York, New YorkChapters 2 and 11Tulio A. Valdez, MD, MScAssociate Professor of PediatricOtolaryngologyConnecticut Children’s MedicalCenterUniversity of Connecticut HealthCenterHartford, ConnecticutChapter 10George H. Yoo, MD, FACSChief Medical OfficerKarmanos Cancer CenterProfessorDepartments of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery andOncologyWayne State University School ofMedicineDetroit, MichiganChapter 7Richard Zoumalan, MDPrivate PracticeBeverly Hills, CaliforniaCedars-Sinai Medical CenterWest Hollywood, CaliforniaClinical InstructorUCLA and USC Schools ofMedicineLos Angeles, CaliforniaChapter 9
Common Abbreviations inOtolaryngology–Head and Neck SANAAOMAPAPASAASSRAVMBAEP3 dimensional5-fluorouracilaryepiglotticarytenoid abductionarterial blood gas, airbone gapauditory brainstemimplantauditory brainstemresponseair conductionangiotensinconverting enzymeapnea-hypopneaindexapnea indexacquiredimmunodeficiencysyndromeAmerican JointCommission onCancerassisted listeningdeviceamyotrophic lateralsclerosisantinuclear antibodyacute otitis mediaautotitrating positiveairway pressureaspirinauditory CICICCMVCNxviibrainstem auditoryevoked potentialbrainstem auditoryevoked responsebone-anchoredhearing aidbone conductionbasal cell carcinomatwice a daybilevel positive airwaypressurebilateralmyringotomy onarydysplasiabenign paroxysmalpositional vertigobehind the earblood urea nitrogenConsensus AuditoryPerceptual Evaluationof Voicecomplete bloodcountcentigrayconductive hearinglosscochlear implantcompletely in canalcytomegaloviruscranial nerve
xviii Otolaryngology-Head and Neck SurgeryCNScentral nervoussystemCOMchronic otitis mediaCOMMANDO combinedmandibulectomyand neck dissectionoperationCPAcerebellopontineangle, conditionedplay audiometryCPAPcontinuous positiveairway pressureCROScontralateral routingof soundCRPC-reactive proteinCRSchronic rhinosinusitisCSAcentral sleep apneaCSFcerebrospinal fluidCTcomputed brovascularaccidentcVEMPcervical vestibularevoked myogenicpotentialCXRchest x-raydBdecibeldB HLdecibel hearing leveldB SLdecibel sensation leveldB SPLdecibel soundpressure levelDCRdacryocystorhinostomyDDxdifferential diagnosisDLdirect laryngoscopyDLBdirect laryngoscopyand bronchoscopyDLBEdirect laryngoscopy,bronchoscopy, ETTEUAEXITFBFEESdistortion productotoacoustic emissionsdiagnosisexternal auditorycanalEpstein-Barr virusexternal carotid nationelectrocochleographyextracapsular spreadelectroencepha lographyepidermal growthfactor receptorexternal jugular veinelectromyogramelective neckdissectionextranodal electrooculographyerythrocytesedimentation rateendoscopic sinussurgeryeustachian tube,endotrachealeustachian tubedysfunctionendotracheal tubeexamination underanesthesiaex-utero intrapartumforeign bodyfunctional endoscopicevaluation ofswallowing
Common Abbreviations in Otolaryngology FEESSTfunctional endoscopicevaluation ofswallowing withsensory testingFESSfunctional endoscopicsinus surgeryFEVforced expiratoryvolumeFNAfine-needle aspirationFOMfloor of mouthFTA-ABS fluorescenttreponemal antibodyabsorption testFTSGfull-thickness skingraftFVPTCfollicular variant ofpapillary thyroidcarcinomaGABHSgroup A ß-hemolyticstreptococciGCSGlasgow Coma ScaleGERDgastroesophagealreflux diseaseGIgastrointestinalGPAgranulomatosiswith polyangiitis(Wegner’s)GRBASgrade, roughness,breathiness, asthenia,strainGSPNgreater superficialpetrosal nerveGygrayH&Nhead and neckHAhearing aid, headacheHBHouse-BrackmannHBOhyperbaric oxygenHFSNHL high frequencysensorineural hearinglossHHThereditary JNAxixhearing-in-noise testhumanimmunodeficiencyvirushearing level, hearinglosshead and necksquamous cellcarcinomahuman papillomavirusherpes simplex virusincision and drainageinternal auditorycanalinternal carotid arteryintracranial pressureinterferonimmunoglobulininner hair cell,immunohisto chemistryinternal jugular on (see MMF)intensity-modulatedradiation therapyincudostapedial(joint)idiopathic suddensensorineural hearinglossin the canalin the earin the alangiofibroma
xx Otolaryngology-Head and Neck nic tumorpotassium titanylphosphatelymphadenopathyleft anterior, rightposterior semicircularcanal pairlateral cricoarytenoidmusclelactate dehydrogenaseloudness discomfortlevellaryngealelectromyographylower esophagealsphincterliver function testlaryngeal mask airwaylumbar puncturelaryngopharyngealrefluxlesser superficialpetrosal nervelaryngotracheobronchitismodified bariumswallowmodified bariumswallow studymedial aryngoscopy andbronchoscopymiddle earmiddle ear effusionmultiple d hearing ixationmodified neckdissectionmagnetic resonanceangiographymagnetic resonanceimagingmodified radical neckdissectionmethicillin resistantStaphylococcus aureusmultiple sleep latencytestmaintenance ofwakefulness testmacrophageNationalComprehensiveCancer Networkneck dissectionnerve excitability inducedhearing cinomanothing by mouthnonrapid eyemovementnonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugnecrotizing soft tissueinfection
Common Abbreviations in Otolaryngology PB maxPCAPCRPDTPEPEEPPEGotoacoustic emissionsoral cavityossicular chainreconstructionotitis externaouter hair cellotitis mediaostiomeatal complexotitis media witheffusionoropharynxopen reductioninternal fixationotorhinolaryngologyobstructive sleepapneaobstructive sleepapnea syndromeover-the-counterover-the-earocular vestibularevoked myogenicpotentialoval windowphonetically balancedmaximumposteriorcricoarytenoid musclepolymerase ical examination,pressure equalization,pulmonary emboluspositive endexpiratory ARFRFFFRLNRPAxxipressure equalizationtube, positronemission tomographyperiodic legmovementperiodic limbmovement disorderpartial polysomnographyprothrombin timepure-tone average,peritonsillar abscessparathyroid hormonepartialthromboplastin timeparadoxical vocal foldmotion disorderparadoxical vocal foldmotionquality of liferight anterior, leftposterior semicircularcanal pairradioallergosorbenttestrespiratorydisturbance indexrapid eye movementrespiratory effortrelated arousalrheumatoid factor,radiofrequencyradial forearm free flaprecurrent laryngealnerveretropharyngealabscess
xxii Otolaryngology-Head and Neck MASSMGSMLSNHLSPLSQSMLSRTSSDrecurrent respiratorypapillomatosisrelaxed skin tensionlineRadiation TherapyOncology Groupround windowtreatmentsubcutaneoussquamous cellcarcinoma,semicircular yndrome ofinappropriateantidiuretic hormonesensation levelsystemic lupuserythematosussuperior laryngealnervesuperficial laminapropria, speechlanguage andibular glandsuspensionmicrolaryngoscopysensorineural hearinglosssound pressure levelsubcutaneoussuspensionmicrolaryngoscopyspeech (spondee)reception thresholdsingle-sided TLTLMTMTMJTNFTNMTORCHTORPTrachsudden sensorineuralhearing losssigns and symptomssplit-thickness skingrafttonsillectomy icyclicantidepressant,trichloroacetic acidtransiently evokedotoacoustic emissionstracheoesophagealpuncturethyroid function testthyroglobulinthyroglossal duct cystthree times a daytotal laryngectomytransoral lasermicrosurgerytympanic membranetemporomandibularjointtumor necrosis factortumor, node,metastasistoxoplasmosis,other, rubella,cytomegalovirus,herpes simplex virustotal tomy,tracheostomy tube,tracheotomy tube
Common Abbreviations in Otolaryngology id-stimulatinghormonetrue vocal cordtrue vocal foldultrasoundupper airwayresistance syndromeupper esophagealsphincteruvulopalato pharyngoplastyuvulopalato pharyngoplastyupper cal cordvocal cord dysfunction(see PVFD)venereal diseaseresearch laboratoryvestibular evokedmyogenic xxiiivocal foldvideofluoroscopicswallow studyvideo head eflexvelopharyngealinsufficiencyvisual responseaudiometryvaricella zoster virusworkupwell-differentiatedthyroid carcinoma(papillary andfollicular)radiation therapyyttrium aluminumgarnetzygomaticomaxillarycomplex
Found an error?Untruth?Alternative fact?Typo?Dot out of place?We welcome any tips, suggestions, criticisms, or corrections for thisdynamic reference guide. Please e-mail PashaGolubGuide@gmail.comPlease keep to this simple format: Your Name Your E-mail Your Phone Number Your Comment/Illustration Reference Support to Your Comment/Illustration
Dedicated to my family:Dad, Mom, Mamta, Aramay Ocean, Zaedyn Bear, Ayla Sofia,Little Brother (Nasir), Anita, Jamie, Tasnim, Imran, Jazair,Rahul Uncle, Swati Auntie, Dave, Rumi, and Zephyr— RazaTo my wife, Katrina, for her infinite support and patience;my daughters, Lily and Mia, for keeping me young; andmy mother, Carol, father, Larry, and sister, Danielle, fortheir unwavering kindness and encouragement.— Justin
Chapter1Rhinology and Paranasal SinusesMatthew Kim, Qasim Husain, Justin S. Golub, Steven C. Marks, and Raza PashaAnatomy of the Nose and Paranasal Sinuses . . . . . . .Paranasal Sinus Anatomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Nose Anatomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Physiology of the Nose and Paranasal Sinuses . . . . . .Physiology of the Nasal Airway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Olfactory Physiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Evaluation for Nasal Obstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .History and Physical Exam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ancillary Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Nasal Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Congenital Nasal Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Inflammatory Nasal Masses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Benign Tumors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Systemic Diseases Affecting the Nose . . .
vi Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Chapter 5 Sleep Medicine 153 Raza Pasha, Sarah E. Keesecker, and Justin S. Golub Sleep Physiology 154 Polysomnography (PSG) 156 Sleep-Disordered Breathing (SDB) 166 Other Sleep-Related Disorders 177 Chapter 6 General
