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Milady Standard Esthetics:Fundamentals Exam ReviewEleventh EditionAustraliaustratrr liaa Brazil Japantran KoreaKorea Mexicoo Singapore Spain UnitedUnitede KingdomedKingdom UnitedUniited States06922 fm ptg01 hr i-vi.indd i03/01/12 2:27 PM

Milady Standard Esthetics:Fundamentals Exam Review,Eleventh EditionMiladyPresident, Milady:Dawn GerrainDirector of Content andBusiness Development:Sandra BruceAcquisitions Editor:Martine EdwardsAssociate Acquisitions Editor:Philip MandlSenior Product Manager:Jessica MahoneyDirector of Marketing andTraining:Gerard McAveySenior Production Director:Wendy A. TroegerProduction Manager:Sherondra ThedfordSenior Content ProjectManager:Nina Tucciarelli 2013 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning.ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by thecopyright herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored, or usedin any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical,including but not limited to photocopying, recording, scanning,digitizing, taping, Web distribution, information networks, orinformation storage and retrieval systems, except as permittedunder Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act,without the prior written permission of the publisher.For product information and technology assistance, contact us atProfessional & Career Group Customer Support,1-800-648-7450For permission to use material from this text or product,submit all requests online at cengage.com/permissions.Further permissions questions can be e-mailed topermissionrequest@cengage.com.Library of Congress Control Number: 2011943910ISBN-13: 9781111306922ISBN-10: 1111306923Milady5 Maxwell DriveClifton Park, NY 12065-2919USATechnology Director:Sandy CharetteCengage Learning products are represented in Canada by NelsonEducation, Ltd.Senior Art Director:Benjamin GleeksmanFor your lifelong learning solutions, visit milady.cengage.comVisit our corporate website at cengage.com.Notice to the ReaderPublisher does not warrant or guarantee any of the products described herein or perform any independentanalysis in connection with any of the product information contained herein. Publisher does not assume, andexpressly disclaims, any obligation to obtain and include information other than that provided to it by themanufacturer. The reader is expressly warned to consider and adopt all safety precautions that might be indicatedby the activities described herein and to avoid all potential hazards. By following the instructions containedherein, the reader willingly assumes all risks in connection with such instructions. The publisher makes norepresentations or warranties of any kind, including but not limited to, the warranties of fitness for particularpurpose or merchantability, nor are any such representations implied with respect to the material set forth herein,and the publisher takes no responsibility with respect to such material. The publisher shall not be liable for anyspecial, consequential, or exemplary damages resulting, in whole or part, from the readers’ use of, or relianceupon, this material.Printed in United States of America1 2 3 4 5 XX 16 15 14 13 1206922 fm ptg01 hr i-vi.indd ii03/01/12 2:27 PM

Milady Standard Esthetics:Fundamentals Exam ReviewContents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iiiForeword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .vPart 1: Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1CHAPTERCHAPTERCHAPTERCHAPTER1—History and Career Opportunities in Esthetics . . . . . . . . . . . . 12—Life Skills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73—Your Professional Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134—Communicating for Success . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19Part 2: General Sciences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . n Control: Principles and Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256—General Anatomy and Physiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .337—Basics of Chemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .418—Basics of Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .479—Basics of Nutrition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53Part 3: Skin Sciences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59CHAPTERCHAPTERCHAPTERCHAPTER10—Physiology and Histology of the Skin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5911—Disorders and Diseases of the Skin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6712—Skin Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7713—Skin Care Products: Chemistry, Ingredients, and Selection . . .83Part 4: Esthetics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ER14—The Treatment Room . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9115—Facial Treatments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9716—Facial Massage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10517—Facial Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11118—Hair Removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11719—Advanced Topics and Treatments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12320—The World of Makeup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127Part 5: Business Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133CHAPTER 21—Career Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133CHAPTER 22—The Skin Care Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141CHAPTER 23—Selling Products and Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151iii06922 fm ptg01 hr i-vi.indd iii03/01/12 2:27 PM

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ForewordMilady Standard Esthetics: Fundamentals Exam Review has been revised to followthe type of skin care questions most frequently used by states and by the nationaltesting, conducted under the auspices of the National-Interstate Council of StateBoards of Cosmetology.This review book is designed to be of major assistance to students in preparing for the state license examinations. The exclusive concentration on multiplechoice test items reflects the fact that all state board examinations and nationaltesting examinations are confined to this type of question.Questions on the state board examinations in different states will not beexactly like these and may not touch upon all the information covered in thisreview. However, students who diligently study and practice their work as taughtin the classroom and who use this book for test preparation and review shouldreceive higher grades on both classroom and license examinations.v06922 fm ptg01 hr i-vi.indd v03/01/12 2:27 PM

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Part 1: OrientationCHAPTER 1—HISTORY AND CAREER OPPORTUNITIES IN ESTHETICS1. Who is responsible for examinations, licensing, and standards?a. state licensing inspectorsc. licensing specialistsb. state board membersd. esthetician examiners2. What did the ancient Egyptians do before other cultures?a. cultivate beauty in an extravagant fashionb. build magnificent public bathsc. develop the hair-removal practice of threadingd. develop cosmetic surgery3. What is restoration work?a. surgical procedures used to help rebuild bodies afteraccidentsb. another name for cosmetic surgeryc. the esthetics specialization associated with mortuary scienced. rebuilding hairstyles after a long day4. Why were the ancient Hebrews able to adopt many skin care andgrooming techniques from other cultures?a. their level of education was higher than that of other culturesb. they were nomadicc. they cultivated a sense of what we now call “the globalcommunity”d. they were entrepreneurial5. What is a dye derived from leaves and shoots of the mignonette tree?a. elderberryc. camillab. hennad. pomegranate6. What type of magnificent public buildings were the ancientRomans famous for constructing?a. smokehousesc. swimming poolsb. bathsd. massage parlors7. What is the primary purpose of camouflage makeup?a. to disguise imperfections such as scarsb. to create the illusion that someone has darker skin than they doc. to shield the skin from the harmful effects of the sund. to make a person stand out in public106922 pt01 ptg01 hr 001-024.indd 121/01/12 12:40 PM

8. Where was the ancient method of hair removal known asthreading invented?a. Vietnamc. Chinab. Koread. Japan9. What is the ancient Greek word meaning “skilled in the use ofcosmetics”?a. kozmetikosc. kazamattikab. cosmetticosod. cosomotico10. Where on their faces did women wear colored makeup during theMiddle Ages?a. eyes and lipsc. eyes and noseb. cheeks and lipsd. nose and cheeks11. What does a manufacturer’s representative do?a. train others on product knowledge and how to sellproductsb. perform safety inspectionsc. sell products to customersd. perform esthetics treatments on clients12. What was a bare (shaved or tweezed) eyebrow thought to signifyduring the Renaissance?a. greater social standingc. greater intelligenceb. greater wealthd. greater fertility13. What do mobile estheticians do?a. move from station to station within the salonb. own portable equipment and make house or office callsc. rotate between several different salons within a chaind. work at two or more independently-owned salons14. What was true of some elaborate hairstyles during the Age ofExtravagance?a. they contained fountains with running waterb. they contained gardens and menageriesc. they contained elaborate electrical light effectsd. they featured movement created by the use of hydraulics15. What is product development?a. amount of time a product needs to cure before it can be usedb. practice of getting clients accustomed to certain productsc. field of creating new products and technologiesd. practice of building a customer base for a new product206922 pt01 ptg01 hr 001-024.indd 221/01/12 12:40 PM

16. When did women pinch their cheeks and bite their lips to add color?a. Age of Extravagancec. Victorian Ageb. Elizabethan Erad. Renaissance17. What career should those with journalistic abilities consider pursuing?a. state licensing inspectorc. esthetics writerb. esthetics educatord. state board member18. What is a buyer’s responsibility?a. demonstrating the use of products to salon managers andestheticiansb. making “secret shopper” visits to ensure stores are notoverchargingc. purchasing products from one store to resell them in anotherd. purchasing products to be sold and used in stores19. What term refers to the art of manipulating materials on anatomic or molecular scale?a. nucleotechnologyc. nanotechnologyb. minitechnologyd. microtechnology20. Who visits spas and salons to ensure compliance with stateregulations?a. official state spa technicianb. state licensing inspectorc. state cosmetics regulatord. official state esthetician21. What did the ancient Egyptians use to dye hair and tattoo skin?a. hennac. animal bloodb. rosemaryd. crushed stone22. What term refers to a profession that integrates surgicalprocedures with esthetic treatments?a. cosmetologyc. medical aestheticianb. beauty techniciand. makeup stylist23. When did women use bleach to make their hair blond?a. Renaissancec. age of the Roman Empireb. Middle Agesd. age of the ancient Greeks24. What became a common practice in the twentieth century?a. creating elaborate hairstyles featuring gardens and menageriesb. creating body art with hennac. dyeing the hair blond with bleachd. cosmetic surgery306922 pt01 ptg01 hr 001-024.indd 321/01/12 12:40 PM