An Official Guide - College Board

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NF1S0001Fall 2021PSAT/NMSQT informationStudentGuideTest-takingadvice and tipsAn officialpractice testFLIP THISBOOKOVERFORINFORMATIONABOUT THENATIONAL MERIT SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM

About College BoardCollege Board is a mission-driven not-for-profit organization that connects students tocollege success and opportunity. Founded in 1900, College Board was created to expandaccess to higher education. Today, the membership association is made up of over 6,000 ofthe world’s leading educational institutions and is dedicated to promoting excellence andequity in education. Each year, College Board helps more than seven million students preparefor a successful transition to college through programs and services in college readinessand college success—including the SAT and the Advanced Placement Program. Theorganization also serves the education community through research and advocacy on behalfof students, educators, and schools. For further information, visit collegeboard.org.About National Merit ScholarshipCorporation (NMSC)NMSC is an independent, not-for-profit organization that operates without governmentassistance. NMSC conducts the National Merit Scholarship Program, an annual academiccompetition for recognition and college scholarships. The PSAT/NMSQT is the screening testfor high school students who wish to participate in the National Merit Scholarship Program.If you have questions about any aspect of the National Merit Scholarship Program, includingstudent participation requirements, the selection process, and awards offered, see the NMSCsection on the flip side of this publication.The PSAT/NMSQTThe Preliminary SAT/National Merit Scholarship Qualifying Test (PSAT/NMSQT) iscosponsored by College Board and National Merit Scholarship Corporation. It is administeredfor College Board and National Merit Scholarship Corporation by Educational TestingService (ETS). Contact the PSAT/NMSQT office if you have suggestions, questions, orcomments about test registration, administration, or score reports. If you wish to withdrawyour answer sheet from scoring, or if you wish to report test administration irregularities, youmust notify the test coordinator or the PSAT/NMSQT office immediately.PSAT/NMSQT Customer ServiceYou can reach us Monday to Friday,8 a.m.–7 p.m. ET (9 a.m.–7 p.m. mid-June to MAIL:ii 1-212-713-8105psathelp@info.collegeboard.org SAT/NMSQTPP.O. Box 6720Princeton, NJ 08541-67202021 PSAT/NMSQTStudent Guide

2ContentsTest-Taking Information24Math2Using This Guide24Math Test Overview2PSAT/NMSQT Test Dates and Fee24Calculator Use2How the PSAT/NMSQT Is Organized25Answering Student-Produced Response Questions3How the PSAT/NMSQT Is Scored25Tips for the Math Test4Create a College Board Account25Sample Math Test Materials4If You Need Testing Accommodations26Math Test – No Calculator Questions4Student Search Service30Math Test – Calculator Questions5College Board National Recognition Programs6How to Prepare34PSAT/NMSQT Terms and Conditions6Test Day Items34Introduction6What to Do If .34Section 1. Required and ProhibitedItems for Testing6Testing Guidelines35Section 2. Prohibited Behaviors7Privacy Policies357Telemarketing ScamsSection 3. Score Cancellation andDisciplinary Measures7Test Fairness Review36Section 4. Privacy7Test Question Inquiries37Section 5. Miscellaneous7Additional Information38Section 6. Policies and Requirements8Evidence-Based Reading and Writing38Section 7. Intellectual Property Rights8Reading Test Overview389Sample Reading Test MaterialsSection 8. ARBITRATION OF DISPUTESAND CLASS ACTIONS WAIVER39Section 9. Venue and Waiver of Jury Trial39Section 10. LIMITATIONS OF LIABILITY39Section 11. Severability39Section 12. Restricted Registrations39Section 13. Accessibility of TheseTerms and Conditions10Reading Test Questions16Writing and Language Test Overview17Sample Writing and Language Test Materials 2021 College Board. College Board, SAT, Advanced Placement, AP, Student Search Service, and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of CollegeBoard. PSAT/NMSQT is a registered trademark of College Board and National Merit Scholarship Corporation. NMSC, National Merit, and the corporate“Lamp of Learning” logo are federally registered service marks of National Merit Scholarship Corporation. BigFuture and Career Finder are trademarksowned by College Board. All other marks are the property of their respective owners.Visit College Board on the web: collegeboard.org.Khan Academy is a registered trademark in the United States and other jurisdictions.Student Guide2021 PSAT/NMSQT1

Test-Taking Information Using This GuideTest-Taking InformationUsing This GuideTaking the PSAT/NMSQT is a great way to find outhow prepared you are for college and career. ThePSAT/NMSQT is the qualifying test for entry to theNational Merit Scholarship Program (described on theflip side of this guide). The test also connects you toCollege Board programs and services that can propelyou to opportunities you’ve earned. We’ve created thisguide to help you: Become familiar with the test so you’re notsurprised or confused on test day. A completepractice test is included in this guide. Learn the test directions. The directions foranswering the questions in this guide are the sameas those on the actual test. Review the sample questions. The more familiar youare with the question formats, the more comfortableyou’ll feel when you see similar questions on theactual test. In particular, be sure to practice how toanswer the student-produced response questions onthe Math Test later in this guide.The fee for the 2021 PSAT/NMSQT is 18, but youmight not have to pay it—some schools cover all orpart of the cost for their students. Schools sometimescharge an additional fee for administrative costs.Juniors from income-eligible families may be able toget fee waivers from College Board.How the PSAT/NMSQTIs OrganizedThe PSAT/NMSQT measures the knowledge and skillsyou have developed in reading, writing and language, andmath. This test is not about memorizing words and factsyou will never use again. Instead, it focuses on what youhave already learned in school and what you will need tosucceed in college and career. It measures your reasoningand critical thinking skills, which will be important to youthrough high school, college, and beyond.The PSAT/NMSQT has 3 tests: the Reading Test, theWriting and Language Test, and the Math Test. Thetests break down like this: Be aware of what you need to know about takingthis test. You will be asked to agree to thePSAT/NMSQT Terms and Conditions (startingon page 34) on test day. These Terms andConditions have information on: Time Allotted(min.)Number ofQuestionsReading6047Acceptable photo identificationWriting andLanguage3544Required and prohibited items for testingMath7048Acceptable and unacceptable calculatorsTotal165139Test security and fairness policiesPhone and electronic device policiesPrivacy policies, including the use of studentinformation You will be bound by the Terms and Conditions asthey exist on test day. Prior to test day, you mustreview any updates to these Terms and Conditions,which will be clearly communicated to you atcb.org/pn-terms.PSAT/NMSQT TestDates and FeeHere are the test dates for 2021: Primary Test Date: Wednesday, October 13 Saturday Test Date: Saturday, October 16 Alternate Test Date: Tuesday, October 2622021 PSAT/NMSQTStudent GuideComponentAs part of scoring, every test goes through an equatingprocess. Equating is a statistical process we use toensure that scores mean the same thing no matterwhich version of the test you take or when you take it.In order to assist with future testing, College Board mayconduct research studies in connection with the testingof a subset of students.Also, the test occasionally includes test questions forresearch purposes. These questions may appear in anyof the test sections, and testing time will be extended by20 minutes so students have time to answer them. Thesequestions will not be included in computing your scores.Students must complete all sections of the test. If youleave before dismissal, your scores will be canceled.

How the PSAT/NMSQT Is Scored Test-Taking InformationHow the PSAT/NMSQT Is ScoredAll multiple-choice questions are scored by giving 1 point for each correct answer. Nopoints are subtracted for incorrect answers or answers left blank. Hard questions countthe same as easier ones. You won’t lose any points for guessing, so try to answer everyquestion. The table shows all the scores you’ll receive on the PSAT/NMSQT.PSAT/NMSQT Score ReportedDetailsScore RangeTotal ScoreSum of the 2 section scores320–1520Section Scores (2) Evidence-Based Reading and Writing Math160–760Test Scores (3) Reading Writing and Language Math8–38Cross-Test Scores (2) Analysis in History/Social Studies Analysis in Science8–38 Reading and Writing and Language:1–15Based on selected questions in theReading Test, Writing and LanguageTest, and Math Test. These scoresshow how well you use your skills toanalyze texts and solve problems inthese subject areas.Subscores (7)Command of Evidence and Words inContext Writing and Language: Expressionof Ideas and Standard EnglishConventions Math: Heart of Algebra, ProblemSolving and Data Analysis, andPassport to Advanced MathNMSC Selection Index ScoreNational Merit Scholarship48–228Corporation (NMSC) uses this score(calculated by doubling the sum of theReading, Writing and Language, andMath Test scores) as an initial screenof entrants to its National MeritScholarship Program.Your score report will include a total score, sectionscores, and test scores, and may include cross-testscores and subscores as well. You’ll be able to see notonly how you did overall, but also where your strengthsare and where you need to improve. Once your scoresare available, visit studentscores.collegeboard.org tolearn more.Your score report will include the NMSC SelectionIndex score, which NMSC uses as an initial screen ofentrants to its National Merit Scholarship Program. Forfurther information about the Selection Index score, seethe National Merit Scholarship Program section on theflip side of this guide.Your score report also includes a message about yourpotential for success in AP courses based on yourscores. There’s also some helpful advice about when totake the SAT .Scores will be available online. (If you provide youremail address on the answer sheet, you’ll receive anemail letting you know when your scores are ready.) Ifyou haven’t received your scores by mid-January, seeyour counselor. Your school will be able to print a copyof your score report.We send your scores and other information youprovide during testing to our cosponsor, NMSC, whichconducts the National Merit Scholarship Program. Seethe flip side of this guide for more information.Student Guide2021 PSAT/NMSQT3

Test-Taking Information Create a College Board Account Talk to your SSD coordinator or other appropriateCreate a CollegeBoard Accountstaff member before test day to confirm whataccommodations you are approved for and anyadditional information you need for testing.Once you create a free College Board account, you can: Access your PSAT/NMSQT scores when theybecome available. Sign up for free, personalized practice throughOfficial SAT Practice on Khan Academy . Just visit collegeboard.org and click Sign up to getstarted.Career Finder —Want to make smart,informed decisions about your future major and careerbased on your passions and interests? Try this engagingonline experience powered by our partnership withRoadtrip Nation. Visit roadtripnation.com/edu/careerfinder.IMPORTANT:If You Need TestingAccommodationsIf you have a disability that requires accommodationssuch as braille, extra breaks, or permission to testblood sugar, be sure to have your school requestCollege Board approval well in advance of the testdate you need the accommodations for. Requestsfor accommodations are handled by the Services forStudents with Disabilities (SSD) office.When considering accommodations, note the following: Work with your school’s SSD coordinator orcounselor for accommodations. Your SSDcoordinator or other appropriate school staff canhelp determine what accommodations are best foryou and submit a request online. If you want to request accommodations on yourown, download a paper Student Eligibility Formfrom collegeboard.org/ssd. Once approved for accommodations, with someexceptions, you remain approved and do not have toapply again when taking another College Board test. If you move to a new school after you’ve beenapproved for accommodations, your new schoolneeds to confirm your continued eligibility. Printyour SSD eligibility letter from your student accountto give to your new school. If you are approved for extended time for specificsubject areas (math, for example), you’ll only get thoseaccommodations on the relevant sections or tests.However, if you’re approved for extended time forreading, you’ll get extended time for the entire test.42021 PSAT/NMSQTStudent Guide Bring your SSD eligibility letter with you on test dayin case there are any questions. If you are interested in participating in the NationalMerit Scholarship Program and do not receiveaccommodations for which you are approved ordo not receive approval in time for the test, pleasecontact NMSC immediately but no later thanNovember 15, 2021 (see page 3 of the flip side ofthis guide for contact information).Student Search ServiceStudent Search Service is a free, voluntary programthat connects students with information aboutopportunities from nearly 1,900 eligible colleges,scholarships, and other educational programs. Byjoining Student Search Service, you can connect withcolleges and scholarship programs looking for studentslike you and discover opportunities you had notpreviously considered.Key facts about Student Search Service: You can join for free and hear from a diverse groupof accredited colleges, universities, scholarships,and other nonprofit educational programs. Noother organizations or companies are eligible toparticipate in Student Search Service. When you take a College Board test, you will beasked to provide certain information about yourselfon the test answer sheet. Some of the questions areoptional; others are required. You’ll have the opportunity to join as part of yourtest answer sheet. It’s entirely up to you whetherto opt in. The service is free to you, but educationorganizations pay us a licensing fee to use theservice. We use those fees to support our nonprofit,mission-driven work, including providing feewaivers so that students from lower income familiescan take the SAT for free. College Board is anonprofit organization. Being part of Student Search Service is voluntaryand you can opt out at any time. Being contacted by a college or university doesn’tmean you’ve been admitted. You must submit anapplication to be considered for admission. StudentSearch Service is a simple way for colleges andscholarships to reach prospective students to letthem know about the opportunities they offer.

College Board National Recognition ProgramsHow Student Search Service Works If you opt in, you may be identified by educationorganizations as a potential match for theirprograms and opportunities. Education organizations generally look for groupsof students based on expected graduation date,where they live, self-reported cumulative gradepoint average (GPA), test score ranges, intendedcollege major, geography, and other limitedparameters. This information comes from your testanswer sheet and other information you provideto College Board. It may also include your collegelist, if you created one, on the College Board collegeplanning website, BigFuture , at bigfuture.org. College Board never shares your actual test scores,grades, disability status, parent information, ortelephone numbers. Please note we do share testscore ranges and GPA. If you have opted in and match the educationorganization search criteria, we will provide themyour contact information so they can reach out toyou by postal mail and/or email about their programsand opportunities. They have to keep your datasecure and may not share your data with any thirdparties (other than service providers to the educationorganization). Colleges and other education organizations sendinformation about things like: Financial aid, scholarships, or other ways tomake college or university more affordable Details on campus life and student services Overviews of majors, courses, and degree options Deadline information For more information, visitstudentsearch.collegeboard.org.Education organizations include the followingscholarship programs that College Board partners with: American Indian Graduate Center (aigcs.org) American Indian Science and Engineering Society(aises.org) American Savings Foundation(asfdn.org/) Asian & Pacific Islander American Scholars(apiascholars.org) Boettcher Foundation (boettcherfoundation.org/colorado-scholarships) Children of Fallen Patriots (CFP) (fallenpatriots.org) Cobell Scholarship (awarded by IndigenousEducation, Inc.) (cobellscholar.org)Test-Taking Information Daniels Fund (danielsfund.org) The Ford Family on) The Gates Scholarship (thegatesscholarship.org) Marine Corps Scholarship Foundation (mcsf.org) Sunrise Scholars Foundation (sunrisescholars.org)George Snow Scholarship Fund (scholarship.org)Greenhouse Scholars (greenhousescholars.org)Hispanic Scholarship Fund (hsf.net)Horatio Alger Association (scholars.horatioalger.org)Jack Kent Cooke Foundation (jkcf.org)The Jackie Robinson Foundation(jackierobinson.org)Ron Brown Scholar Program (ronbrown.org)Sachs Foundation (sachsfoundation.org)Society of Women Engineers (swe.org/scholarships)Southern Scholars .US (thedream.us)United Negro College Fund (uncf.org)Washington State Opportunity Scholarship(waopportunityscholarship.org)See psat.org/scholarships for more information.Opting OutIf at any time you change your mind and want to stopparticipating, please visit my.collegeboard.org/profile/privacy or contact us at SearchCustomerService@collegeboard.org or 866-825-8051. Please noteeducational organizations that have already receivedyour name and other data may continue to send youinformation. You may contact such organizations directlyto opt out of further communications from them.College Board NationalRecognition ProgramsIf you take the PSAT/NMSQT as a junior and you’reAfrican American, Hispanic American, Indigenous, and/or attend school in a rural area or a small town, you maybe invited to apply for academic recognition as part ofthe College Board National Recognition Programs: African American RecognitionHispanic RecognitionIndigenous RecognitionRural and Small Town RecognitionSee psat.org/recognition for additional information. Coca-Cola Scholars Foundation(coca-colascholarsfoundation.org)Student Guide2021 PSAT/NMSQT5

Test-Taking Information How to PrepareHow to PrepareThe same habits and choices that lead to success inschool will help you get ready for the PSAT/NMSQT.The best way to prepare for the test is to takechallenging courses, do your homework, prepare fortests and quizzes, and ask and answer lots of questions.This guide includes the following to help you prepare: Advice, sample passages, and sample questions forthe Reading Test and the Writing and Language Test Advice, sample questions, and calculatorinformation for the Math Test PSAT/NMSQT Practice Test #1, a full-lengthpractice test Information about the National Merit ScholarshipProgram (on the flip side of this guide)You can also go online for more help and information: Go to collegeboard.org/psatpractice foradditional sample questions, practice test answerexplanations, and another full-length practice test(Practice Test #2). Practice tests in pre-recordedaudio (MP3 via streaming) and assistivetechnology–compatible formats are also availableon this website. If you are approved for anotherformat, such as braille, a practice test may be sentto your school, or you can call 212-713-8333 torequest a practice test in a specific format. Go to psat.org/scoring for more information aboutscoring and free, personalized practice from KhanAcademy.Practice Tests with Scoring Guidesand Answer ExplanationsTake the PSAT/NMSQT on paper to simulate test day.1. Use the PSAT/NMSQT Practice Test #1 included inthis guide or download and print Practice Test #2from psat.org/practice (select Take the PracticeTest under “Paper-and-Pencil Practice”). Be sure tofollow the instructions, and use the official answersheet to bubble in your answers.2. After you’ve finished the practice test, get instantfeedback and question-by-question results bydownloading the answer explanations and scoringguide for the test you took.Test Day ItemsRefer to the PSAT/NMSQT Terms and Conditions onpage 34 for a list of items you’ll need to bring for test day.Though not required, consider bringing: Snacks and drinks (which must be under your deskduring testing) Extra batteries and backup calculator62021 PSAT/NMSQTStudent GuideWhat to Do If .You know in advance that you cannot take the teston the date your school offers it: Tell your counseloras soon as possible that you have a conflict, such asa religious observance. You may be able to take thetest at a nearby school that has selected a differenttest date. If you test at another school, be sure to takeyour school code and an acceptable photo ID with you,keeping your ID with you at all times, especially if youleave the testing room. (See the PSAT/NMSQT Termsand Conditions on page 34 for information aboutacceptable photo identification.)You are homeschooled and want to take thePSAT/NMSQT: Make arrangements in advance withyour local school or another nearby school that isadministering the test. (For a list of schools in yourarea, go to h.) If this is not possible, contact thePSAT/NMSQT office (see inside front cover).You will be studying in another country whenthe test is given: Contact the PSAT/NMSQT officeand provide the name of the city and country and, ifknown, the name and address of the school you will beattending when the test is given. The PSAT/NMSQToffice will send you instructions.You missed the test but want to enter the NationalMerit Scholarship Program: For information aboutanother route of entry to the National Merit ScholarshipProgram, see the box on page 7 of the flip side of thisguide.Testing Guidelines Plan ahead and bring equipment that’s in goodworking order. Testing staff might not have extrabatteries or calculators. When marking answers: Use a No. 2 pencil with a soft eraser on allparts of the answer sheet. Do not use a pen ormechanical pencil. Make sure you fill in the entire bubble darklyand completely. Erase any changes you make as completely aspossible. Store any snacks or drinks you bring out of sightin a paper bag under your desk. You may only eatsnacks during breaks. The testing staff will tell youwhere you can go to have your snack.

Privacy Policies Test-Taking InformationPrivacy PoliciesCollege Board recognizes the importance of protectingyour privacy. Please review our privacy policies atcollegeboard.org/privacy-center (“Privacy Policies”)and the PSAT/NMSQT Terms and Conditions onpage 34 to understand our collection, use, anddisclosure of your personally identifiable information.Telemarketing ScamsWe sometimes get reports of phone scams when callersposing as employees of College Board or NationalMerit Scholarship Corporation (NMSC) try to sell testpreparation products or request sensitive, personallyidentifying information, such as credit card and SocialSecurity numbers. College Board and NMSC do notmake unsolicited phone calls or send emails to studentsor families requesting this type of information. This typeof activity, known as telemarketing fraud, is a crime.Test Fairness ReviewAll new PSAT/NMSQT test questions and complete neweditions of the tests are reviewed by external, independenteducators from throughout the United States. Thesereviews help ensure that the questions are unambiguousand relevant and that the language used is not offensiveto or inappropriate for any particular group of studentsbased on race/ethnicity or gender. Assessment staffensure that the test as a whole includes references to menand women as well as to individuals from varied racial,ethnic, and cultural backgrounds. Statistical proceduresare used to identify questions that are harder for a groupof students to answer correctly than would be expectedfrom their performance on other questions in the test;these questions are excluded from appearing on tests.Test Question InquiriesIf you find what you consider to be an error or anambiguity in a test question, tell the test coordinatorimmediately after the test. You may also emailpsatquestion@collegeboard.org.In your inquiry, provide your name and mailing address,the date you took the PSAT/NMSQT, the name andaddress of the school where you took the test, the testsection, the test question (as well as you can remember),and an explanation of your concern about the question.Additional InformationComplete descriptions of the content of the test andinformation on test preparation and sample questionsare provided in the PSAT/NMSQT Student Guide(“Guide”) and online at psat.org.Additional Information on the SATA primary purpose of the SAT is to determine howprepared students are to succeed, both in college andin career training programs. Extensive research onthe predictive validity of the SAT has established itsutility and value as a College Entrance Exam throughstudies on the relationship between SAT scores andfirst-year grade point average (“FYGPA”), retention,domain-specific course grades, GPA through each yearof college, as well as completion. A 2019 national SATValidity Study t-validity-study.pdf), based on datafrom more than 223,000 students across 171 four-yearcolleges and universities, found the following: SAT scores are strongly predictive of collegeperformance—students with higher SAT scores aremore likely to have higher grades in college. SAT scores are predictive of student retention totheir second year—students with higher SAT scoresare more likely to return for their sophomore year. SAT scores and High School grade point average(“HSGPA”) are both related to academic performancein college but tend to measure slightly differentaspects of academic preparation. Using SAT scoresin conjunction with HSGPA is the most powerful wayto predict future academic performance. On average, SAT scores add 15% more predictivepower above grades alone for understanding howstudents will perform in college. SAT scores help to further differentiate studentperformance in college within narrow HSGPAranges. Colleges can use SAT scores to identify studentswho may be in need of academic support before theystart college and throughout their college educationby monitoring predicted versus actual performanceand help position these students for success.The PSAT/NMSQT Program will send you a writtenresponse after your inquiry has been reviewedthoroughly by subject-matter specialists.We will not respond via email, so be sure toinclude your full name and mailing address.IMPORTANT:Student Guide2021 PSAT/NMSQT7

Evidence-Based Reading and Writing Reading Test OverviewEvidence-Based Reading and WritingThe Evidence-Based Reading and Writing section iscomposed of 2 tests that assess different but relatedskills and knowledge. The Reading Test gives you achance to show how well you understand what you read.The Writing and Language Test asks you to revise andedit text.Reading Test Overview Total questions: 47 passage-based reading questionswith multiple-choice responses. Time allotted: 60 minutes. Calculators may not be used or be on your desk. The questions often include references to direct you tothe relevant part(s) of the passage(s).What the Reading Test Is LikeWhen you take the Reading Test, you’ll read passagesand interpret informational graphics. Then you’ll use whatyou’ve read to answer questions. Some questions ask youto locate a piece of information or an idea stated directly.But you’ll also need to understand what the author’s wordsor a graphic’s data imply.What You’ll ReadReading Test passages range in length from about500 to 750 words and vary in complexity. The ReadingTest includes: 1 passage from a classic or contemporary work of U.S.or world literature. 1 passage or a pair of passages from either a U.S.founding document (such as an essay by JamesMadison) or a text in the Great Global Conversation(such as a speech by Nelson Mandela). 1 passage on a social science topic from a field such aseconomics, psychology, or sociology. 2 science passages (or 1 passage and 1 passagepair) that examine foundational concepts or recentdevelopments in Earth science, biology, chemistry,or physics. 2 passages accompanied by 1 or more informationalgraphics.What the Reading Test MeasuresTo succeed in college and career, you’ll need to applyreading skills in all sorts of subjects. You’ll also need thoseskills to do well on the Reading Test.The Reading Test measures skills and knowledge you’llneed to apply when reading in college and workforcetraining programs. The test will ask you to find andinterpret information and ideas, analyze how texts areput together and why they’re written the way they are,work with data from informational graphics, and makeconnections between paired passages.You’ll be asked questions that require you to draw on thereading skills and knowledge needed most to succeed inthe subjects the passages are drawn from. For instance, youmight read about an experim

BOOK FOR OVER INFORMATION ABOUT THE NATIONAL MERIT SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM. ii 2021 PSAT/NMSQT Student Guide About College Board College Board is a mission-driven not-for-profit organization that connects students to . college success and opportunit