Transcription
Spectre Circuit Simulator ReferenceProduct Version 5.0September 2003
1990-2003 Cadence Design Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Printed in the United States of America.Cadence Design Systems, Inc., 555 River Oaks Parkway, San Jose, CA 95134, USATrademarks: Trademarks and service marks of Cadence Design Systems, Inc. (Cadence) contained inthis document are attributed to Cadence with the appropriate symbol. For queries regarding Cadence’strademarks, contact the corporate legal department at the address shown above or call 800.862.4522.All other trademarks are the property of their respective holders.Restricted Print Permission: This publication is protected by copyright and any unauthorized use of thispublication may violate copyright, trademark, and other laws. Except as specified in this permissionstatement, this publication may not be copied, reproduced, modified, published, uploaded, posted,transmitted, or distributed in any way, without prior written permission from Cadence. This statement grantsyou permission to print one (1) hard copy of this publication subject to the following conditions:1. The publication may be used solely for personal, informational, and noncommercial purposes;2. The publication may not be modified in any way;3. Any copy of the publication or portion thereof must include all original copyright, trademark, and otherproprietary notices and this permission statement; and4. Cadence reserves the right to revoke this authorization at any time, and any such use shall bediscontinued immediately upon written notice from Cadence.Disclaimer: Information in this publication is subject to change without notice and does not represent acommitment on the part of Cadence. The information contained herein is the proprietary and confidentialinformation of Cadence or its licensors, and is supplied subject to, and may be used only by Cadence’scustomer in accordance with, a written agreement between Cadence and its customer. Except as may beexplicitly set forth in such agreement, Cadence does not make, and expressly disclaims, anyrepresentations or warranties as to the completeness, accuracy or usefulness of the information containedin this document. Cadence does not warrant that use of such information will not infringe any third partyrights, nor does Cadence assume any liability for damages or costs of any kind that may result from use ofsuch information.Restricted Rights: Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is subject to restrictions as set forthin FAR52.227-14 and DFAR252.227-7013 et seq. or its successor.
Spectre Circuit Simulator ReferenceContentsRelated Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Typographic and Syntax Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91Introducing the Spectre Circuit Simulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Improvements over SPICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Improved Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Improved Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Improved Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Improved Reliability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Improved Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Spectre Usability Features and Customer Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Analog HDLs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .RF Capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Mixed-Signal Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10101112121313141517172Spectre Command Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Default Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Default Parameter Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223Component Statements Part I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Analog-to-Logic Converter (a2d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .device checker (assert) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B3SOI-PD Transistor (b3soipd) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Bipolar Junction Transistor (bjt) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Lateral PNP Transistor (bjt301) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .September 200312525274962Product Version 5.0
Spectre Circuit Simulator ReferenceLateral PNP Transistor (bjt500) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69Vertical NPN/PNP Transistor (bjt503) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80Vertical NPN/PNP Transistor (bjt504) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90Vertical NPN/PNP Transistor (bjt504t) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108BSIM1 Field Effect Transistor (bsim1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126BSIM2 Field Effect Transistor (bsim2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147BSIM3 MOS Transistor (bsim3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172BSIM3v3 MOS Transistor (bsim3v3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186BSIM4 MOS Transistor (bsim4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208BSIMSOI-PD/FD Transistor (bsimsoi) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237BTA SOI Transistor (btasoi) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2594Component Statements Part II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280Two Terminal Capacitor (capacitor) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Linear Current Controlled Current Source (cccs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Linear Current Controlled Voltage Source (ccvs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Circuit Reduced Order Model (cktrom) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Magnetic Core with Hysteresis (core) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Logic-to-Analog Converter (d2a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Delay Line (delay) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Diode Level 500 (dio500) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Junction Diode (diode) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .EKV MOSFET Transistor (ekv) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ratiometric Fourier Analyzer (fourier) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .GaAs MESFET (gaas) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Hetero-Junction Bipolar Transistor (hbt) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .HiSIM1 Field Effect Transistor (hisim) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .HV MOS Transistor (hvmos) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Two Terminal Inductor (inductor) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Interconnect Capacitance (intcap) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Current Probe (iprobe) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Independent Current Source (isource) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Junction Field Effect Transistor (jfet) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Junction Capacitor (juncap) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .September 372375379380385392Product Version 5.0
Spectre Circuit Simulator ReferenceMISN Field Effect Transistor (misnan) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .MOS Level-0 Transistor (mos0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .MOS Level-1 Transistor (mos1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Compact MOS-Transistor Distortion Model (mos1000) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Compact MOS-Transistor Distortion Model (mos1100) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Compact MOS-Transistor Distortion Model (mos11010) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Compact MOS-Transistor Distortion Model (mos11011) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .MOS Level-15 Transistor (mos15) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3974054084244354474594745Component Statements Part III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485MOS Level-2 Transistor (mos2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .MOS Level-3 Transistor (mos3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Long Channel JFET/MOSFET Model (mos30) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Long Channel JFET/MOSFET Model (mos3002) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Long Channel JFET/MOSFET Model (mos3100) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Silicon On Isolator JFET Model (mos40) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Compact MOS-Transistor Model (mos705) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Compact MOS-Transistor Model (mos902) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Compact MOS-Transistor Model (mos903) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Microstrip Line (msli432‘1‘ne) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Multi-Conductor Transmission Line (mtline) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Mutual Inductor (mutual inductor) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Node Capacitance (nodcap) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Set Node Quantities (node) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Linear N Port (nport) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Parameter Value Tester (paramtest) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Polynomial Current Controlled Current Source (pcccs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Polynomial Current Controlled Voltage Source (pccvs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Physical Resistor (phy res) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Independent Resistive Source (port) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Poly-Si TFT (psitft) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Polynomial Voltage Controlled Current Source (pvccs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Polynomial Voltage Controlled Voltage Source (pvcvs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Quantity Information (quantity) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .September 589590592594602608614616618Product Version 5.0
Spectre Circuit Simulator ReferenceDiffusion Resistor Model (rdiff) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Four Terminal Relay (relay) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Two Terminal Resistor (resistor) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .s-Domain Linear Current Controlled Current Source (scccs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .s-Domain Current Controlled Voltage Source (sccvs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .s-Domain Linear Voltage Controlled Current Source (svccs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .s-Domain Voltage Controlled Voltage Source (svcvs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ideal Switch (switch) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Transmission Line (tline) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .GaAs MESFET (tom2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .GaAs MESFET (tom3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Linear Two Winding Ideal Transformer (transformer) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .VBIC Bipolar Transistor (vbic) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Linear Voltage Controlled Current Source (vccs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Linear Voltage Controlled Voltage Source (vcvs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Independent Voltage Source (vsource) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Winding for Magnetic Core (winding) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .z-Domain Linear Current Controlled Current Source (zcccs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .z-Domain Current Controlled Voltage Source (zccvs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .z-Domain Linear Voltage Controlled Current Source (zvccs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .z-Domain Voltage Controlled Voltage Source (zvcvs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 886896916946966Analysis Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 700AC Analysis (ac) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Alter a Circuit, Component, or Netlist Parameter (alter) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Alter Group (altergroup) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Check Parameter Values (check) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Checklimit Analysis (checklimit) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .DC Analysis (dc) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .DC Device Matching Analysis (dcmatch) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Envelope Following Analysis (envlp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Circuit Information (info) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Monte Carlo Analysis (montecarlo) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Noise Analysis (noise) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .September 20034702705705707708709713717722724735Product Version 5.0
Spectre Circuit Simulator ReferenceImmediate Set Options (options) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Periodic AC Analysis (pac) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Periodic Distortion Analysis (pdisto) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Periodic Noise Analysis (pnoise) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Periodic S-Parameter Analysis (psp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Periodic Steady-State Analysis (pss) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Periodic Transfer Function Analysis (pxf) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .PZ Analysis (pz) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Quasi-Periodic AC Analysis (qpac) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Quasi-Periodic Noise Analysis (qpnoise) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Quasi-Periodic S-Parameter Analysis (qpsp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Quasi-Periodic Steady State Analysis (qpss) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Quasi-Periodic Transfer Function Analysis (qpxf) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Deferred Set Options (set) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Shell Command (shell) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .S-Parameter Analysis (sp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Stability Analysis (stb) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Sweep Analysis (sweep) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Time-Domain Reflectometer Analysis (tdr) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Transient Analysis (tran) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Transfer Function Analysis (xf) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308358388398487Spectre Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 853Using analogmodel for Model Passing (analogmodel) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Behavioural Source Use Model (bsource) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Checkpoint - Restart (checkpoint) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Configuring CMI Shared Objects (cmiconfig) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Built-in Mathematical and Physical Constants (constants) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Convergence Difficulties (convergence) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Export (export) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Expressions (expressions) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .User Defined Functions (functions) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Global Nodes (global) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Initial Conditions (ic) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .September 20035855856861862863864866867870871872Product Version 5.0
Spectre Circuit Simulator ReferenceThe Structural if-statement (if) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Include File (include) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Spectre Netlist Keywords (keywords) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Library - Sectional Include (library) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Node Sets (nodeset) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Parameter Soft Limits (param limits) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Netlist Parameters (parameters) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Parameter Set - Block of Data (paramset) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Output Selections (save) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Sensitivity Analyses (sens) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SpectreHDL Usage and Language Summary (spectrehdl) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SpectreRF Summary (spectrerf) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Subcircuit Definitions (subckt) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Verilog-A Usage and Language Summary (veriloga) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .AReferencesSeptember 2003873874875878880881883885886887888896897901908. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9096Product Version 5.0
Spectre Circuit Simulator ReferencePrefaceThis manual assumes that you are familiar with the development, design, and simulation ofintegrated circuits and that you have some familiarity with SPICE simulation. It containsinformation about the Spectre circuit simulator.Spectre is an advanced circuit simulator that simulates analog and digital circuits at thedifferential equation level. The simulator uses improved algorithms that offer increasedsimulation speed and greatly improved convergence characteristics over SPICE. Besides thebasic capabilities, the Spectre circuit simulator provides significant additional capabilities overSPICE. SpectreHDL (Spectre High-Level Description Language) and Verilog -A usefunctional description text files (modules) to model the behavior of electrical circuits and othersystems. SpectreRF adds several new analyses that support the efficient calculation of theoperating point, transfer function, noise, and distortion of common RF and communicationcircuits, such as mixers, oscillators, sample holds, and switched-capacitor filters.This preface discusses the following topics: Related Documents on page Preface-8 Typographic and Syntax Conventions on page Preface-8 References on page Preface-9September 20037Product Version 5.0
Spectre Circuit Simulator ReferencePrefaceRelated DocumentsThe following can give you more information about the Spectre circuit simulator and relatedproducts: To learn more about the equations used in the Spectre circuit simulator, consult theSpectre Circuit Simulator Device Model Equations manual. The Spectre circuit simulator is often run within the Cadence analog circuit design environment, under the Cadence design framework II. To see how the Spectre circuitsimulator is run under the analog circuit design environment, read the Cadence AnalogDesign Environment User Guide. For more information about using the Spectre circuit simulator with SpectreHDL, see theSpectreHDL Reference manual. For more information about using the Spectre circuit simulator with Verilog-A, see theVerilog-A Language Reference manual. If you want to see how SpectreRF is run under the analog circuit design environment,read SpectreRF Help. For more information about RF theory, see SpectreRF Theory. For more information about how you work with the design framework II interface, seeDesign Framework II Help. For more information about specific applications of Spectre analyses, see TheDesigner’s Guide to SPICE & Spectre1.Typographic and Syntax ConventionsThis list describes the syntax conventions used for the Spectre circuit simulator.literal Nonitalic words indicate keywords that you must enter literally. These keywordsrepresent command (function, routine) or option names, filenames and paths, and any other sort of type-in commands.argument Words in italics indicate user-defined arguments for which you must substitutea name or a value. (The characters before the underscore ( ) inthe word indicate the data types that this argument can take.Names are case sensitive.1.Kundert, Kenneth S. The Designer’s Guide to SPICE & Spectre. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1995.September 20038Product Version 5.0
Spectre Circuit Simulator ReferencePreface Verticalbars (OR-bars) separate possible choices for a single argument. They takeprecedence over any other character.[ ]Brackets{ }Bracesdenote optional arguments. When used with OR-bars, they enclose a list ofchoices. You can choose one argument from the list.are used with OR-bars and enclose a list of choices. You must choose oneargument from the list.Three dots (.) indicate that you can repeat the previous argument. If you use them withbrackets, you can specify zero or more arguments. If they areused without brackets, you must specify at least one argument,but you can specify more.ImportantThe language requires many characters not included in the preceding list. You mustenter required characters exactly as shown.ReferencesText within brackets ([ ]) are references. See Appendix A, “References,” for more detailedinformation.September 20039Product Version 5.0
Spectre Circuit Simulator Reference1Introducing the Spectre Circuit SimulatorThis chapter discusses the following: Improvements over SPICE on page 10 Analog HDLs on page 14 RF Capabilities on page 15 Mixed-Signal Simulation on page 17 Environments on page 17The Spectre circuit simulator is a modern circuit simulator that uses direct methods tosimulate analog and digital circuits at the differential equation level. The basic capabilities ofthe Spectre circuit simulator are similar in function and application to SPICE, but the Spectrecircuit simulator is not descended from SPICE. The Spectre and SPICE simulators use thesame basic algorithms—such as implicit integration methods, Newton-Raphson, and directmatrix solution—but every algorithm is newly implemented. Spectre algorithms, the bestcurrently available, give you an improved simulator that is faster, more accurate, morereliable, and more flexible than previous SPICE-like simulators.Improvements over SPICEThe Spectre circuit simulator has many improvements over SPICE.Improved CapacityThe Spectre circuit simulator can simulate larger circuits than other simulators because itsconvergence algorithms are effective with large circuits, because it is fast, and because it isfrugal with memory and uses dynamic memory allocation. For large circuits, the Spectrecircuit simulator typically uses less than half as much memory as SPICE.September 200310Product Version 5.0
Spectre Circuit Simulator ReferenceIntroducing the Spectre Circuit SimulatorImproved AccuracyImproved component models and core simulator algorithms make the Spectre circuitsimulator more accurate than other simulators. These features improve Spectre accuracy: Advanced metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) and bipolar models The Spectre BSIM 3v3 is a physics-based metal-oxide semiconductor field effecttransistor (MOSFET) model for simulating analog circuits. The Spectre models include the MOS0 model, which is even simpler and faster thanMOS1 for simulating noncritical MOS transistors in logic circuits and behavioralmodels, MOS 9, EKV, BTA-HVMOS, BTA-SOI, VBIC95, TOM2, and HBT.Charge-conserving modelsThe capacitance-based nonlinear MOS capacitor models used in many SPICEderivatives can create or destroy small amounts of charge on every time step. TheSpectre circuit simulator avoids this problem because all Spectre models are chargeconserving. Improved Fourier analyzerThe Spectre circuit simulator includes a two-channel Fourier analyzer that is similar inapplication to the SPICE .FOURIER statement but is more accurate. The Spectresimulator’s Fourier analyzer has greater resolution for measuring small distortionproducts on a large sinusoidal signal. Resolution is normally greater than 120 dB.Furthermore, the Spectre simulator’s Fourier analyzer is not subject to aliasing, acommon error in Fourier analysis. As a result, the Spectre simulator can accuratelycomp
Designer’s Guide to SPICE & Spectre1. Typographic and Syntax Conventions This list describes the syntax conventions used for the Spectre circuit simulator. literal Nonitalic words indicate keywords that you must enter literally. These keywords r
