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BUILDING CODE REQUIREMENTS FORSTRUCTURAL CONCRETE (ACI 318-05) ANDCOMMENTARY (ACI 318R-05)REPORTED BY ACI COMMITTEE 318ACI Committee 318Structural Building CodeJames K. WightChairSergio M. AlcocerFlorian G. BarthRoger J. BeckerKenneth B. BondyJohn E. BreenJames R. CagleyMichael P. CollinsW. Gene CorleyCharles W. DolanAnthony E. FioratoCatherine E. FrenchBasile G. RabbatSecretaryLuis E. GarciaS. K. GhoshLawrence G. GriffisDavid P. GustafsonD. Kirk HarmanJames R. HarrisNeil M. HawkinsTerence C. HollandKenneth C. HoverPhillip J. IversonJames O. JirsaDominic J. KellyGary J. KleinRonald KlemencicCary S. KopczynskiH. S. LewColin L. LoboLeslie D. MartinRobert F. MastSteven L. McCabeW. Calvin McCallJack P. MoehleMyles A. MurrayJulio A. RamirezThomas C. SchaefferStephen J. SeguirantRoberto StarkEric M. TollesThomas D. VertiSharon L. WoodLoring A. WyllieFernando V. YanezSubcommittee MembersNeal S. AndersonMark A. AschheimJohn F. BonacciJoAnn P. BrowningNicholas J. CarinoNed M. ClelandRonald A. CookJuan P. CovarrubiasRobert J. FroschHarry A. GleichJavier F. Horvilleur†R. Doug HootonL. S. Paul JohalMichael E. KregerDaniel A. KuchmaLeRoy A. LutzJames G. MacGregorJoe MaffeiDenis MitchellVilas S. MujumdarSuzanne D. NakakiTheodore L. NeffAndrzej S. NowakRandall W. PostonBruce W. RussellGuillermo SantanaAndrew ScanlonJohn F. StantonFernando R. StucchiRaj ValluvanJohn W. WallaceConsulting MembersC. Raymond Hays†Richard C. MeiningerCharles G. SalmonDeceasedACI 318-05 is deemed to satisfy ISO 19338, “Performance and Assessment Requirements for Design Standards on StructuralConcrete,” Reference Number ISO 19338.2003(E). Also Technical Corrigendum 1: 2004.
318/318R-2ACI STANDARD/COMMITTEE REPORT
INTRODUCTION318/318R-1BUILDING CODE REQUIREMENTS FORSTRUCTURAL CONCRETE (ACI 318-05)AND COMMENTARY (ACI 318R-05)REPORTED BY ACI COMMITTEE 318PREFACEThe code portion of this document covers the design and construction of structural concrete used in buildings andwhere applicable in nonbuilding structures.Among the subjects covered are: drawings and specifications; inspection; materials; durability requirements; concretequality, mixing, and placing; formwork; embedded pipes; construction joints; reinforcement details; analysis anddesign; strength and serviceability; flexural and axial loads; shear and torsion; development and splices of reinforcement; slab systems; walls; footings; precast concrete; composite flexural members; prestressed concrete; shells andfolded plate members; strength evaluation of existing structures; special provisions for seismic design; structural plainconcrete; strut-and-tie modeling in Appendix A; alternative design provisions in Appendix B; alternative load andstrength-reduction factors in Appendix C; and anchoring to concrete in Appendix D.The quality and testing of materials used in construction are covered by reference to the appropriate ASTM standardspecifications. Welding of reinforcement is covered by reference to the appropriate ANSI/AWS standard.Uses of the code include adoption by reference in general building codes, and earlier editions have been widely used inthis manner. The code is written in a format that allows such reference without change to its language. Therefore, background details or suggestions for carrying out the requirements or intent of the code portion cannot be included. Thecommentary is provided for this purpose. Some of the considerations of the committee in developing the code portion arediscussed within the commentary, with emphasis given to the explanation of new or revised provisions. Much of theresearch data referenced in preparing the code is cited for the user desiring to study individual questions in greaterdetail. Other documents that provide suggestions for carrying out the requirements of the code are also cited.Keywords: admixtures; aggregates; anchorage (structural); beam-column frame; beams (supports); building codes; cements; cold weather construction; columns (supports); combined stress; composite construction (concrete and steel); composite construction (concrete to concrete); compressive strength; concreteconstruction; concretes; concrete slabs; construction joints; continuity (structural); contraction joints; cover; curing; deep beams; deflections; drawings; earthquake resistant structures; embedded service ducts; flexural strength; floors; folded plates; footings; formwork (construction); frames; hot weather construction;inspection; isolation joints; joints (junctions); joists; lightweight concretes; loads (forces); load tests (structural); materials; mixing; mix proportioning; modulusof elasticity; moments; pipe columns; pipes (tubing); placing; plain concrete; precast concrete; prestressed concrete; prestressing steels; quality control; reinforced concrete; reinforcing steels; roofs; serviceability; shear strength; shearwalls; shells (structural forms); spans; specifications; splicing; strength; strengthanalysis; stresses; structural analysis; structural concrete; structural design; structural integrity; T-beams; torsion; walls; water; welded wire reinforcement.ACI 318-05 was adopted as a standard of the American Concrete InstituteOctober 27, 2004 to supersede ACI 318-02 in accordance with the Institute’s standardization procedure.A complete metric companion to ACI 318/318R has been developed,318M/318RM; therefore no metric equivalents are included in this document.ACI Committee Reports, Guides, Standard Practices, and Commentariesare intended for guidance in planning, designing, executing, and inspectingconstruction. This Commentary is intended for the use of individuals whoare competent to evaluate the significance and limitations of its content andrecommendations and who will accept responsibility for the application ofthe material it contains. The American Concrete Institute disclaims any andall responsibility for the stated principles. The Institute shall not be liable forany loss or damage arising therefrom. Reference to this commentary shall notbe made in contract documents. If items found in this Commentary aredesired by the Architect/Engineer to be a part of the contract documents, theyshall be restated in mandatory language for incorporation by the Architect/Engineer.Copyright 2005, American Concrete Institute.All rights reserved including rights of reproduction and use in any formor by any means, including the making of copies by any photo process, orby any electronic or mechanical device, printed or written or oral, orrecording for sound or visual reproduction or for use in any knowledge orretrieval system or device, unless permission in writing is obtained from thecopyright proprietors.ACI 318 Building Code and Commentary
2TABLE OF CONTENTSCONTENTSINTRODUCTION . 7CHAPTER 1—GENERAL REQUIREMENTS . 91.1—Scope. 91.2—Drawings and specifications . 141.3—Inspection . 151.4—Approval of special systems of design or construction . 18CHAPTER 2—NOTATION AND DEFINITIONS . 192.1—Notation . 192.2—Definitions . 28CHAPTER 3—MATERIALS. 373.1—Tests of materials . 373.2—Cements . 373.3—Aggregates . 383.4—Water . 383.5—Steel reinforcement. 393.6—Admixtures. 433.7—Storage of materials. 453.8—Referenced standards . 45CHAPTER 4—DURABILITY REQUIREMENTS . 514.1—Water-cementitious material ratio . 514.2—Freezing and thawing exposures. 524.3—Sulfate exposures . 534.4—Corrosion protection of reinforcement . 54CHAPTER 5—CONCRETE QUALITY, MIXING, AND PLACING . 575.1—General . 575.2—Selection of concrete proportions . 585.3—Proportioning on the basis of field experience or trial mixtures, or both. 585.4—Proportioning without field experience or trial mixtures. 635.5—Average strength reduction . 645.6—Evaluation and acceptance of concrete. 645.7—Preparation of equipment and place of deposit. 685.8—Mixing . 695.9—Conveying. 695.10—Depositing. 705.11—Curing . 715.12—Cold weather requirements. 725.13—Hot weather requirements . 72CHAPTER 6—FORMWORK, EMBEDDED PIPES, AND CONSTRUCTION JOINTS . 736.1—Design of formwork. 736.2—Removal of forms, shores, and reshoring. 736.3—Conduits and pipes embedded in concrete . 756.4—Construction joints . 76CHAPTER 7—DETAILS OF REINFORCEMENT . 797.1—Standard hooks.
ACI 318-05 was adopted as a standard of the American Concrete Institute October 27, 2004 to supersede ACI 318-02 in accordance with the Insti-tute’s standardization procedure. A complete metric companion to ACI 318/318R has been developed, 318M/318RM; therefore no metric equiva lents are included in this document. ACI Committee Reports, Guides, Standard Practices, and Commentaries are .
