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Application HandbookSGT5-PAC 4000F5Performance Summary5.1Performance Overview for ISO Conditions5.2Thermal Performance for Site-Specific Conditions5.3Performance Optimization5.4Emissions Performance5.5Start-up Performance5.6Steam Production Capability5.7Acoustic Performance5.8Online Fuel-Changeover5.9Generator Performance5.10Reliability and Availability5.11Combined-Cycle PerformanceTables1:2:3:4:Thermal Performance and Emissions OverviewStart-Up PerformanceAcoustic Performance - Surface Sound Pressure Levels and Sound Power LevelsReliability and 3:14:Ambient Pressure - Effect on Power Output, Mass FlowSite Elevation - Effect on Ambient PressureCompressor Inlet Temperature - Effect on Power Output, Efficiency, ExhaustTemperature, Mass FlowRelative Humidity - Effect on Power Output, Efficiency, Exhaust Temperature,Mass FlowInlet and Outlet Pressure Loss - Effect on Power Output, Efficiency, ExhaustTemperature, Mass FlowFuel Gas Lower Heating Value - Effect on Power Output, Efficiency, Mass FlowSpeed - Effect on Power Output, Efficiency, Exhaust Temperature, Mass FlowDegradation - Effect on Power Output, EfficiencyPart Load - Effect on Efficiency, Exhaust Temperature, Mass FlowNOx Emissions for Natural Gas Fuel in Premix Mode, Light Distillate Fuel inPremix Mode, Light Distillate Fuel in Premix Mode and Water InjectionStart-Up of Gas Turbine to Full LoadVariable-Pitch Inlet Guide Vane OperationSteam Production - Steam Production Capability, HRSG Steam RejectionOnline Fuel-Changeover – Gas to Oil, Oil to GasAir-Cooled Generator: Reactive Capability Curve, Saturation Curves, V-CurvesSiemens AG . Power Generationnon-binding values / informationTransmittal, reproduction, dissemination and/or editing of this document as well as utilizationof its contents and communication thereof to others without express authorization areprohibited. Offenders will be held liable for payment of damages. All rights created by patentgrant or registration of a utility model or design patent are reserved.Application Handbook SGT5-PAC 4000F I Revision 3 I 23.05.2007 I H. Bauer I Section 5 I Page 1 of 15

Application HandbookSGT5-PAC 4000F5 Performance Summary5.1Performance Overview for ISO conditionsBase load plant thermal performance and emissions performance under ISO conditions for astandard SGT5-PAC 4000F Siemens Gas Turbine Package is provided in Table 1.5.2Thermal Performance for Site-Specific ConditionsThis section provides a systematic method of determining the performance of a Siemens GasTurbine Package for specific site conditions. Five basic parameters are used to measurethermal plant performance: power outputefficiency or heat ratefuel mass flowturbine exhaust flowturbine exhaust temperaturecompressor mass flowConditions that directly affect thermal performance are site elevationcompressor inlet temperaturecompressor inlet and turbine exhaust lossesfuel gas lower heating valuerotor speeddegradationload levelUsing correction factors, the effects of site conditions on plant performance can be estimatedfor a variety of operating configurations. The performance data is presented for natural gasand liquid fuel for base loads. Net power is the power at the generator terminals minusPackage plant auxiliary loads. Net power and net heat rate are provided for an Gas TurbinePackage with an air-cooled generator.The thermodynamic design data at ISO conditions and base load can be approximatelyconverted to other ambient conditions using appropriate correction factors. Figures 1 - 8depict these correction factors as curves plotted as a function of the individual ambientconditions. Data calculated with these correction factors must not be used as guarantee data.Guarantee data for conditions other than ISO ambient conditions must be calculated with acycle calculation program specified by Siemens.Siemens AG . Power Generationnon-binding values / informationTransmittal, reproduction, dissemination and/or editing of this document as well as utilizationof its contents and communication thereof to others without express authorization areprohibited. Offenders will be held liable for payment of damages. All rights created by patentgrant or registration of a utility model or design patent are reserved.Application Handbook SGT5-PAC 4000F I Revision 3 I 23.05.2007 I H. Bauer I Section 5 I Page 2 of 15

Application HandbookSGT5-PAC 4000FPower Output at generator terminalsPGT-CORR PGT P*1 P*2 P*3 P*4 P*5 P*6 P*7 cted output at generator terminalsOutput at generator terminals under ISO conditionsCorrection factor for ambient pressureCorrection factor intake pressure dropCorrection factor for exhaust pressure dropCorrection factor for lower heating valueCorrection factor fur humidityCorrection factor for speedCorrection factor for ambient temperatureCorrection factor for agingEfficiency at generator terminalsηGT-CORR ηGT E*2 E*3 E*4 E*5 E*6 E*7 E*8 rected efficiency at generator terminalsEfficiency at generator terminals under ISO conditionsCorrection factor for intake pressure dropCorrection factor for exhaust pressure drop perCorrection factor for lower heating value 7Correction factor for humidityCorrection factor for speedCorrection factor for ambient temperatureCorrection factor for part load (at rated load, η*GT8 1.0)Correction factor for agingFuel MassmF-CORR Siemens AG . Power Generationnon-binding values / information.PGT-CORR/(ηGT-KORR LHV)Transmittal, reproduction, dissemination and/or editing of this document as well as utilizationof its contents and communication thereof to others without express authorization areprohibited. Offenders will be held liable for payment of damages. All rights created by patentgrant or registration of a utility model or design patent are reserved.Application Handbook SGT5-PAC 4000F I Revision 3 I 23.05.2007 I H. Bauer I Section 5 I Page 3 of 15

Application HandbookSGT5-PAC 4000FTurbine Exhaust Mass FlowmTDO-CORR. mTDO M*1 M*2 M*4 M*5 M*6 M*7 d turbine exhaust mass flowTurbine exhaust mass flow under ISO conditionsCorrection factor for ambient pressureCorrection factor for intake pressure dropCorrection factor for lower heating valueCorrection factor for humidityCorrection factor for speedCorrection factor for ambient temperatureCorrection factor for part load (at rated load, M*8 1.0)Turbine Exhaust TemperatureϑTDO-CORR. ϑTDO T*2 T*3 T*5 T*6 T*7 T*8whereϑTDO-CORRϑTDOT*2T*3T*5T*6T*7T*8Corrected turbine exhaust temperatureTurbine exhaust temperature under ISO conditions 1Correction factor for intake pressure dropCorrection factor for exhaust pressure dropCorrection factor for humidityCorrection factor for speedCorrection factor for ambient temperatureCorrection factor for part load (at rated load, T*8 1.0)Compressor Mass FlowmCI-CORR. mTDO-CORR - (1 mH2O / mF ) mF-CORRSiemens AG . Power Generationnon-binding values / informationTransmittal, reproduction, dissemination and/or editing of this document as well as utilizationof its contents and communication thereof to others without express authorization areprohibited. Offenders will be held liable for payment of damages. All rights created by patentgrant or registration of a utility model or design patent are reserved.Application Handbook SGT5-PAC 4000F I Revision 3 I 23.05.2007 I H. Bauer I Section 5 I Page 4 of 15

Application HandbookSGT5-PAC 4000F5.3Performance OptimizationGas Turbines may degrade in performance due to a number of factors such as: Deposits on flow surfacesRoughing of flow surfacesForeign object damageGross distortion of partsSeal and blade tip wearFigures 7 show the typically expected effect of degradation on power output and efficiencyrelated to a reference condition. This reference condition is, among other things, theguaranteed performance for „new and clean“ and operation of the gas turbine withconventional gaseous or liquid fuels. Furthermore the compliance with recommendations oncompressor cleaning must also be given (more details in Chapter “Auxiliary Systems”).The magnitude in performance recovery resulting from maintenance activities depends on thescope of the work (more details in Chapter “Service Aspects”). The curve for long-termdegradation depicts how performance is recovered after a major inspection has beenperformed, including manual compressor cleaning of all stages.The only degradation that is recoverable by cleaning is that due to removable deposits on flowsurfaces. These deposits cause increased friction and separation losses, and are not confinedto the compressor. The following deals only with compressor cleaning, but it is important torealize that the effectiveness of cleaning may not be noticed if the degradation due to theother factors becomes large. The degradation due to such wear and tear, however, should berecoverable at major overhaul with individual component restoration.Typical fouling characteristics in the compressor are due to a build-up of an oily/greasysurface in several early stages of the compressor flow path components. This surface, in turn,acts to trap other drier particulate matter, and a layering cycle begins to take place. Siemensrecommends both an on-line and an off-line cleaning to help recover losses in performancefrom these deposits. Compressor deposits can generally be removed by on-line cleaning torender partial restoration. Shutdown and off-line cleaning with a water-detergent solution willresult in relatively full restoration in most environments.The severity and rate of degradation, and hence the choice and frequency of the applicationof these procedures, depends upon the environment in which the engine is operating. Someunits are situated in environments that are more conductive to fouling than others. Forexample, in clean, in-land locations, the air is usually free of dust and binding agents (oilvapors, airborne chemicals, etc.). When the atmosphere is contaminated, more frequentcleaning is necessary to recover the lost efficiency. High efficiency, multi-stage inlet filtersmay help in certain applications. Turbine water cleaning is required only for ash producingfuels, such as crude and residual oil fuel.Siemens AG . Power Generationnon-binding values / informationTransmittal, reproduction, dissemination and/or editing of this document as well as utilizationof its contents and communication thereof to others without express authorization areprohibited. Offenders will be held liable for payment of damages. All rights created by patentgrant or registration of a utility model or design patent are reserved.Application Handbook SGT5-PAC 4000F I Revision 3 I 23.05.2007 I H. Bauer I Section 5 I Page 5 of 15

Application HandbookSGT5-PAC 4000F5.4Emissions PerformanceThe SGT5-4000F gas turbine includes dry low-NOx technology to control NOx emissions.Water injection to the fuel can be provided as an option to further reduce emissions whenoperating on fuel oil.Dry low NOx technology utilizes lean premix combustion in conjunction with a pilot zone. Theintense mixing and overall lean conditions result in lower flame temperatures and minimal NOxgeneration. The conventional diffusion-flame zone is used to meet the operationalrequirements of the gas turbine: ignition, fuel staging sequence through the engine loadrange, and flame stability.The NOx production of the combustor is a direct function of the amount of fuel that is burnt inthe pilot zone, where the fuel burns close to the stoichiometric flame temperature. At baseload firing temperature, over 90% of the fuel is burned in the lean, premixed zones.The NOx control performance is illustrated in Table 1 and Figures 9.Siemens AG . Power Generationnon-binding values / informationTransmittal, reproduction, dissemination and/or editing of this document as well as utilizationof its contents and communication thereof to others without express authorization areprohibited. Offenders will be held liable for payment of damages. All rights created by patentgrant or registration of a utility model or design patent are reserved.Application Handbook SGT5-PAC 4000F I Revision 3 I 23.05.2007 I H. Bauer I Section 5 I Page 6 of 15

Application HandbookSGT5-PAC 4000F5.5Start-Up PerformanceThe SGT5-PAC 4000F Siemens Gas Turbine Package has short start-up times which aredefined by the time needed to reach full rotor speed, time for synchronization and time toreach full load. Figure 10 shows a typical start-up profile.The procedure for automatic start-up and shutdown passes through the following sequence(for simple-cycle operation): If the gas turbine is not in turning gear operation mode, the lubrication oil system is startedand brought up to full pressure. The turbine-generator rotor is accelerated to turning gear speed of 120 rpm. The starting frequency converter then begins to accelerate the unit shaft. The gas ignition system is activated at 500 rpm. Minimum fuel (approximately 10 % flow) isadmitted to the gas turbine at about 700 rpm when the fuel stop valve is opened. At 1000 rpm the fuel flow is gradually increased to accelerate the unit shaft. The variable frequency converter is switched off at 2100 rpm. Further acceleration up tosynchronous speed of 3000 rpm is maintained by the turbine itself. Automatic synchronization with a stable electrical system is possible within approx.20 seconds. The loading procedure begins with a 5 MW load step. Subsequently, loading up to baseload can be accomplished at a constant gradient of 13 MW/min. Full exhaust-gas temperature is reached at about half load. Then the compressor variable-pitch guide vanes are modulated towards the fully openpositions at base load.The gas turbine is unloaded after shutdown command in accordance with the same gradientas for loading. There is no difference of the above described procedure in restarting from cold,warm or hot start conditions.The start-up performance is given in Table 2Siemens AG . Power Generationnon-binding values / informationTransmittal, reproduction, dissemination and/or editing of this document as well as utilizationof its contents and communication thereof to others without express authorization areprohibited. Offenders will be held liable for payment of damages. All rights created by patentgrant or registration of a utility model or design patent are reserved.Application Handbook SGT5-PAC 4000F I Revision 3 I 23.05.2007 I H. Bauer I Section 5 I Page 7 of 15

Application HandbookSGT5-PAC 4000F5.6Steam Production CapabilityVariable-Pitch Inlet Guide Vane ControlWhen operating the gas turbine in heat-recovery applications, it is generally desirable to holdthe turbine inlet temperature constant at part load to maintain a low plant heat rate. Toachieve this, the Siemens Gas Turbine utilizes variable inlet guide vanes.The flow of air through the gas turbine is controlled by adjusting the pitch of the compressorinlet guide vanes. When the inlet guide vanes are “opened“, the air flow through the gasturbine increases, when they are “closed“ it decreases. This makes it possible to maintain aconstant exhaust temperature in the upper output range when load changes are made. As aresult, the part-load efficiency of combined-cycle plants is improved.Figure 11 demonstrates how power and exhaust temperature are affected by opening theIGVs during start-up or closing the IGVs for part load operation. Below approximately 60% ofbase load, the inlet guide vanes cannot be closed any further, and a reduction in turbine inlettemperature must be used to lower power.CHP ApplicationsFitted with a heat-recovery steam-generator, the Siemens Gas Turbine Package can be usedin heat recovery applications to produce steam for industrial process use or for cogeneration(cogen), also known as combined heat and power (CHP). Cogen/CHP is the simultaneousproduction of electricity and useful heat from the same fuel or energy. A compilation of wasteheat recovery steam curves are provided in Figure 12. For this purpose a single-pressuresteam boiler has been used as a reference. Multiple-pressure steam cycle will be applicablefor cogen projects as well.The gas turbine performance data reflects the effects of a GT inlet pressure loss of 3.4'' H2O(approx. 9mbar) and GT outlet pressure drop of 11'' H2O (approx 27.4 mbar). All ratings arespecified for base load output at 15 C (59 F) sea level conditions on natural gas fuel.For this purpose the single-pressure steam boiler is configured with state-of-the-art valuescomponent performance:- Approach Point 10 F (5.5K)- Pinch Point 15 F (8.3K)- Pressure losses- Economizer 3%- Superheater 3%- Drum-Blow-Down 1%- Condensate Temperature 227.8 F (108.2 C)Although, steam production varies depending on site conditions, these steam curves willenable users to determine the amounts of steam that can be expected, at different pressureand temperature conditions, from ducting gas turbine exhaust into a single- pressure levelwaste heat recovery boiler without supplementary firing.Siemens AG . Power Generationnon-binding values / informationTransmittal, reproduction, dissemination and/or editing of this document as well as utilizationof its contents and communication thereof to others without express authorization areprohibited. Offenders will be held liable for payment of damages. All rights created by patentgrant or registration of a utility model or design patent are reserved.Application Handbook SGT5-PAC 4000F I Revision 3 I 23.05.2007 I H. Bauer I Section 5 I Page 8 of 15

Application HandbookSGT5-PAC 4000F5.7Acoustic PerformanceNear Field Sound LevelThe spatially averaged near field A-weighted sound level resulting from the operation of oneSiemens Gas Turbine Package is estimated to be as shown in Table 3 under the followingconditions: measured in a free field environment measured on the near field source envelope contour located 1 meter from major surfacesof equipment and/or enclosures, at a height of 1.5 meters above ground level Siemens Gas Turbine Package is operating at steady state base load conditions, exclusiveof transients, startup and shutdown, off-normal and emergency conditions, and pulse filtercleaning operations (if applicable)In the event the Siemens Gas Turbine Package scope of supply excludes exhaustcomponents, as in combined-cycle applications, the estimated sound levels given

The Siemens Gas Turbine Package (SGT-PAC) comprises the gas turbine and generator, and all major mechani-cal, control and electrical equipment required for safe and reliable opera-tion of these components. The SGT5-PAC 4000F We deliver our Siemens Gas Turbine Packages largely pre-assembled, including piping and wiring to a major extend.