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Need to know medications for NCLEX19-1ANALGESICS Opioids pain threshold by altering painperceptionCommon Brand NamesGeneric NamesDemerolMeperidine HCLDilaudidHydromorphoneDuragesic, SublimazeFentanylMorphine SulfateMorphine SulfateVicodin, NorcoHydrocodoneANTICONVULSANTS Common Brand NameGeneric rbamazepineDepakoteValproic AcidANXIOLYTICS *Neurontin is sometimes prescribed forchronic pain neuropathy *Monitor blood levels: Dilantin, Tegretol,and Depakote Azaspirodecanedione derivatives anxiety. Action unknown, thought to act bythe amount/action of serotonin in certain partsof the brain.Common Brand NamesGeneric NamesBusparBuspirone Hydrochlorideinterval between seizuresANTIDEPRESSANTS SSRIs Act by inhibiting serotonin reuptake in CNSCommon Brand NamesGeneric talopram lineTRICYCLICS Act by blocking reuptake of norepinephrineand serotonin at nerve endingsCommon Brand NamesGeneric NamesElavilAmitriptylineBENZODIAZEPINES ( Pam & Lam) Enhance/facilitate GABA, an inhibitoryneurotransmitterCommon Brand NamesGeneric ww.SimpleNursing.com
19-2SEDATIVES/HYPNOTICSCommon Brand NamesGeneric NamesAmbienZolpidem TartrateLunestaEszopicloneANTICOAGULANTS Interferes with blood clotting processes.Used to prevent thrombus and embolusCommon Brand NamesGeneric in Sodium-frombeef/porkANTIPLATELETSDIURETICS fluid volume in the body**NI monitor daily weight under standardconditions, assess BP, I&O, presence of edemaLOOP DIURETICS Inhibit reabsorption of Na , CL-, K and H2O(in loop of Henle), but also in proximal anddistal renal tubulesCommon Drug NamesGeneric eThiazide Diuretics excretion of Na , Cl-, K ,H2O in distal tube andascending loop of HenleCommon Brand NamesGeneric NamesDiurilChlorothiazide SodiumHydrodiuril, HCTZHydrochlorothiazideZaroxolynMetolazone Interferes with the 1 step in the clottingprocess: platelet aggregationSTCommon Brand NamesGeneric NamesASA-aspirinAcetylsalicylic AcidPlavixClopidogrel *Pepto-Bismol contains aspirinPOTASSIUM-SPARING DIURETICS Contains aldosterone at receptor sites indistal tubule; excrete Na , Cl-, H2O, not K Common Brand NamesGeneric .SimpleNursing.com
19-3ANTIHYPERTENSIVES –(PRIL) ACE Inhibitors Block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II(potent vasoconstrictor)-Causing vasodilation andPVR (peripheral vascular resistance) without cardiacoutput/rate/contractility-Aldosterone is also blocked,causing a in Na and H2O retention. Side effect:Nagging, nonproductive cough, angioedemaCommon Brand NamesGeneric NamesAltaceRamiprilCapotenCaptoprilPrinivil, ZestrilLisinoprilVasotecEnalaprilALPHA 1 ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS-(ZOSYN) Dilate blood vessels and(PVR)Common Brand NamesGeneric NamesHytrinTerazosinMinipressPrazosinALPHA & BETA ADRENERGICBLOCKERS-(LOL) *check potassium levelALPHA 2 ANTAGONISTS centrally-acting anti-hypes causingamounts of norepinephrine to bereleased, sympathetic activityCommon BrandNamesGeneric NamesCatapresClonidine Alpha blockers-block alpha 1 receptorsvasodilation. Beta blockers-block beta 1& beta 2 receptors: reduce HR, myocardial irritability, force ofcontraction depress automaticity of SA node,speed of AV & intraventricular conductionsuppress release of renin from the kidneysCommon Brand NamesGeneric NamesCoregCarvedilolTrandate, NormodyneLabetalolBETA BLOCKERS-(OLOL) Prevent sympathetic stimulation of the heart,thusHR and contractility. myocardial irritability, depressautomaticity of SA node, speed of AV &intraventricular conduction suppress release of renin from the kidneys.Common Brand NamesGeneric NamesInderalPropranololLopressorMetoprolol TartrateToprol-XLTenorminCALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS Block Na influx into the beta-receptors force of myocardial contraction/conductivity HR, PVR. Produce relaxation of coronary & vascularsmooth muscle; dilates coronary arteries;myocardial O2 delivery,O2 demand. Side effect: edema, dysrhythmiasCommon Brand NamesGeneric NamesMetoprolol eProcardiaNifedipineVerelan, Isoptin, CalanVerapamil *May cause bronchoconstriction.www.SimpleNursing.com
19-4NITRATESARBS-(SARTAN)block binding of angiotensin IIat the receptor site, preventingvasoconstriction & aldosteronesecreting effect usually causedby angiotensin II Peripheral and coronary vasodilators. Treat/prevent angina,BP, preload/afterload,myocardial O2 demand. **NI rotate transdermal patches/remove after 12-14hours (“patch free” interval of 10-12 hours daily)Brand NamesGeneric NamesCommon Brand NamesGeneric anNitro BIDTridilTransderm NitroNitrostatNitroglycerinImdurIsosorbide MononitrateIsorbidIsordilSorbitrateIsosorbide DinitrateCARDIAC GLYCOSIDES Positive inotropes (improve contractilityand cardiac output) Negative dromotropic slow AVconduction rate. Negative chronotropes HR & improvecardiac output. Act as antiarrhythmic via tropic effect. **NI Monitor K level, S/S toxicityBrand NamesGeneric NamesLanoxinDigoxin *Monitor Dig & K level, S/S toxicity *Check Potassium LevelANTI-DIABETICS Sulfonylureas Promotes insulin secretion by thepancreas; tissue response to insulinBrand NamesGeneric rideGlucotrol (XL)GlipizideBIGUANIDEShepatic glucose production &intestinal absorption of glucose improves insulin sensitivity(tissue response to insulin) Brand NamesGeneric NamesGlucophageMetformin *Initial drug therapy for newly DX T2DM. *Most common side effect: GI. *Rare side effect: Lactic acidosisGLITAZONES-(GLITAZONE) Decrease insulin resistanceBrand NamesGeneric NamesActosPioglitazoneAvandiaRosiglitazone *Edema; HF secondary to renal retention of fluidGLIPTINS (DPP-4 Enzyme Inhibitors) levels of incretins-naturally occurring substances controlblood sugar by insulin release, especially after a meal.Brand NamesGeneric NamesJanuviaSitagliptinwww.SimpleNursing.com
19-5H2-HISTAMINE RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTSPROTON PUMP INHIBITORS (PPI) Inhibit histamine at histamine H2-receptorsites, gastric acid secretion Block final step of gastric acid production Ulcer-reducingBrand NamesGeneric antoprazoleBrand NamesGeneric S STATINS (HMG-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS) Inhibits HMG-CoA reductase, an early step incholesterol productionANTIEMETICS Act by /preventingnausea & vomitingBrand NamesGeneric NamesPhenerganPromethazineZofranOndansetronBrand NamesGeneric mvastatin *Rhabdomyolysis, HepatotoxicityMISCELLANEOUS ANTILIPIDEMICSGI MEDSBrand NamesGeneric NamesZetia Selective cholesterolabsorption inhibitorEzetimibe Inhibits absorption ofcholesterol by smallintestineFenofibratetriglyceridesynthesis in liverTriCor Fibric Acid Derivative Lopid Fibric Acid DerivativeGemfibrozil triglyceridesynthesis in liverQuestran Bile acid sequestrant(food additive improvingquality)Cholestyramine Binds bile acids,impeding absorption(elimination in feces) Non-absorbable medications usedprophylactically to treat/preventulcers and GERD GI Protectant Mixes with gastric acid to form aprotective coating of gastric mucosaBrand NamesGeneric NamesCarafateSucralfateGI STIMULANT Act by resting tone of esophageal sphincter Promotes gastric emptying/intestinal transitBrand NamesGeneric NamesReglanMetoclopramide *Sometimes used with diabetic gastroparesiswww.SimpleNursing.com
19-6CORTICOSTEROIDS STOOL SOFTENERS surface tension of interfacing liquidcontents of the bowel-promoting additionalliquid into stools softer mass.inflammation, produce intentionalimmunosuppression, and treat adrenocorticalinsufficiencyBrand NamesGeneric NamesCelestoneBetamethasoneBrand NamesGeneric NamesDecadronDexamethasoneColaceDocusate SodiumDeltasonePrednisoneSurfakDocusate rednisolone *Monitor WBC and Blood Glucose levelsANTI-INFECTIVES AminoglycosidesBrand NamesGeneric NamesGentamicinGentamicin SulfateStreptomycinStreptomycin SulfateTobramycinTobramycin SulfateRESPIRATORY MEDICATIONS Bronchodilators Relax bronchial smooth muscleANTIPROTOZOALBrand NamesGeneric NamesFlagylMetronidazole *No alcohol products, including mouthwash,aftershave, deodorant, bath splashes. Disulfiram- type reaction may occur (flushing,nausea, vomiting, palpitations).Brand NamesProventil, VentolinGeneric Names ß-LACTAMsAlbuterol SulfateBrovanaArformoterol TartrateForadilFormoterol Fumarate ß-Lactam antibiotics include:PCNs, cephalosporins, monobactams,carbapenemsAtroventIpratropium sone/Salmeterol *combo ator)AdvairAdvair Diskus *Assess for allergies to any ß-Lactam antibioticwww.SimpleNursing.comCEPHALOSPORINSBrand NamesGeneric oxitinAncefCefazolin
19-7CARBAPENEMSPENICILLINSBrand NamesGeneric cilPiperacillinZosynPiperacillin/TazobactamBrand NamesGeneric mNafcillinFLUOROQUINOLONES (oxacin)Brand NamesGeneric MIDESBrand NamesGeneric NamesBactrimBactrim DSSeptraSMZ-TMPTrimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole *Tendon rupture. *Adjust dosage for renal patients.TETRACYCLINES*Avoid or use with extreme caution if allergic tosulfa: Erythromycin-Sulfisoxazole, Sulfasalazine,Dapsone, Sulfonamides, Celebrex, Imitrex, Lasix,Hydrochlorothiazide HCTZBrand NamesGeneric VANCOMYCINBrand NamesVancocinGeneric NamesVancomycinHydrochloride *Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity, Red-Man Syndrome *Peak: 30 minutes to 1 hour after administration. *Trough: 30 minutes before the next dose.www.SimpleNursing.com
19-8INSULINS blood glucose by transporting glucose into cells promoting conversion of glucose to glycogen inhibiting the liver from changing glycogen to glucoseTypes of InsulinsNamesRapid-ActingInsulin Lispro-HumalogInsulin Aspart-NovologRegular Insulin-Humulin d Regular insulin is theonly one given IV Concentratedinsulin-Insulin U-500NPH-Humulin N, Novolin RInsulin Glargine-Lantus Cannot mix withothersInsulin Detemir-LevemirNPH/REG Humulin 50/50 Humulin 70/30 Novolin 70/30Aspartprotamine/aspart Novolog Mix 70/30Lispro protamine/lispro Humalog Mix in4-6hAspart(Novolog)10-20m1-3h3-5hRegular(Humulin R)SQ: 30-60mIV: 10-30mSQ: 2-4hIV: 15-30mSQ: 5-7hIV: 30-60mU-5002-3h5-7hNPH(Humulin N, (Levemir)3-14h24h4-8h24h1-4h24h2.8h24hNPH(Humulin 50/50,Humulin 70/30,Novolin 70/30)ApartProtamine/aspart(Novolog mix 70/30)LisproProtamine/lispro(Humalog mix 75/25)www.SimpleNursing.com
Need to know medications for NCLEX ANALGESICS Opioids pain threshold by altering pain perception Common Brand Names ANTICONVULSANTS interval between seizures
