Transcription
Alfred’s Basic Piano LibraryThe Complete Book ofS cales , C hords ,A rpeggios & C adencesIncludes all the Major, Minor (Natural, Harmonic, Melodic) &Chromatic Scales – plus additional instructions on music fundamentalsWILLARD A. PALMER MORTON MANUS AMANDA VICK LETHCOHow This Book Is OrganizedPart 1An explanation that leads to the understanding of the fundamentals of major and minor scales, chords,arpeggios and cadences is discussed in some detail. Also included is a clear explanation of scaledegrees and a two-page guide to fingering the scales and arpeggios. Pages 4–17Part 2The Major Scales: The key of C plus the sharp keys in key signature sequence. Pages 18–33Part 3The Major Scales: The flat keys in key signature sequence. Pages 34–47Part 4The Minor Scales: The key of A minor plus the sharp keys in key signature sequence. Pages 48–63Part 5The Minor Scales: The flat keys in key signature sequence. Pages 64–77Part 6The Chromatic Scales: Pages 78–79Part 7Enrichment Options: These added options are designed to further develop musicianship. Theysuggest a number of additional ways the scales and chords in parts 2–5 may be played. Some of the optionsshould be practiced in every key being studied. Pages 80–89Copyright 1994 by Alfred MusicAll rights reserved. Printed in USA.Cover design: Martha Widmann/Ted EngelbartBook production: Bruce Goldes
3ContentsPart 1Tetrachords. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Building Major Scales. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Triads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Triads: The 2nd Inversion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7The Primary Triads in Major Keys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8The V7 Chord. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Scale Degrees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Arpeggios. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Building Minor Scales. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12More About 3rds, 5ths and Triads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Part 4Minor Scales—Sharp KeysKey of A Minor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48Key of E Minor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50Key of B Minor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52Key of F# Minor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54Key of C# Minor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56Key of G# Minor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58Key of D# Minor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60Key of A# Minor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62Part 5Minor Scales—Flat KeysThe Primary Triads in Minor Keys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Key of D Minor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64The Diminished 7th Chord. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Key of G Minor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66Guide to Fingering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Key of C Minor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68Part 2Major Scales—Sharp KeysKey of F Minor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70Key of C Major. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Key of G Major. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Key of D Major. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Key of A Major. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Key of E Major. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Key of B Major. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Key of F# Major. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Key of C# Major. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Part 3Major Scales—Flat KeysKey of F Major. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Key of Bb Major. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Key of Eb Major. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38Key of Ab Major. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40Key of Db Major. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42Key of Gb Major. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Key of Cb Major. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46Key of Bb Minor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72Key of Eb Minor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74Key of Ab Minor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76Part 6Chromatic Scales. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78Part 7Enrichment OptionsHarmonizing the Scales. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80Blocked Scales, Accelerating Scales. . . . . . . . . . . . 81Expanding Scales No. 1, No. 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82Scales in Double Thirds, Double Sixths,and Octaves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83Scales—The Grand Form. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84Broken Triads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85Triad Chain, Cadences. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86Triads (Block and Broken). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87Major Scale and Arpeggio Fingering Chart. . . . . . . 88Harmonic Minor Scale andArpeggio Fingering Chart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
4Part 1TetrachordsThe word tetra means four. A TETRACHORD is a series of FOUR NOTES having a pattern ofWHOLE STEP, WHOLE STEP, HALF STEPA WHOLE STEP is equalto 2 HALF STEPS withONE KEY BETWEEN.A HALF STEP is the distancefrom any key to the very nextkey up or down, black or white,with NO KEY BETWEEN.C& œDEFœœœWHOLE WHOLESTEPSTEPC Tetrachord& œThe notes of a tetrachordmust be in alphabetical order!HALFSTEPThey must also have this pattern!G TetrachordWHOLEœWHOLEœœHALF& œWHOLED TetrachordA Tetrachord& œ& œWHOLEœ#œWHOLEœE Tetrachord& œWHOLEHALFœœœ#œWHOLEWHOLEœHALFœHALFB Tetrachord#œWHOLEœ#œWHOLEHALF& œWHOLE#œWHOLEœ#œHALF
50Key of E MinorRelative Minor of G MajorLH: 4th finger on F# (2nd degree). RH: 4th finger on D or D# (7th degree).Natural minor scale, parallel motion in octaves.5œ œ œ œ œœœœœœœ#4œ œœœœ œœ œ œœœœœœœœœœœ œœ œœœœ & 4 œœœœœœ œ œ œœœœœœ? # 44 œ œ œ œ œ œ 141313131411141513314131331Harmonic minor scale, parallel motion in octaves.5œœ œ œ œ#œœœœ#4œ œ œ œ œ #œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ #œ œ œ#œœœœ œ œ œ #œœ œ œ & 4 œ œ œ œ #œ œ œ œ œœœ œ œ œ? # 44 œ œ œ œ œ œ 4 11131314113151314314131331œ #œ œ œ œ œ œ œœœœ#4œ œ #œ œ œ#œ œ œœœœœœ œ & 4 œ œœœ #œ œ œ#œ œœœœœœ? # 44œ œ #œ œ œœ œœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ #œHarmonic minor scale, contrary motion.1311314141511331153314141313Melodic minor scale, parallel motion in octaves. RH 4th finger on D# ascending, Dn descending.5#œ #œ œ nœ nœ œ œ œœœœ#4œ œ nœ nœœ œœ nœ nœ œ#œ#œ#œ#œœœœ œ œ œ nœ œ œ œ œ & 4œœœœ#œ œ œ œ œnœœœœœ? # 4 œ œ œ œ œ #œ 4413311314114511311313141313
83Scales in Double Thirds, Double Sixths and Octaves.œœ œœ œ œœ œ œœ œœ œœ œœ œœ œœœœœœœ œœœ œœ œœ œœ œœ œ œœœ œœ œœœœœ& œœ œœ œœ œ œ œC major in double thirds—staccato only& 44 œ œœœ? 44 œœ c.œœ œœ œœ œ œ?œœœœœ œ œœ œœ œœ& 44 œœ? 44 œœ5151151515œ œœ œœ œœœ51œœœœœœœœœ œ œ œœ œ œ œ œ œœ œ œ œœ œœ œ œ œ œœ œ œœ œ œ œ œœ œ œ œ œ œœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œœ œœœœœ œ œ œ œœœœœœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œœ œ8vaœ œœ œœ œœ œœ œ œ œ œœ œœ œœœœ œ œC major in double sixths—staccato only51œœœœetc.15 etc.œœœœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ C major in octaves—staccato only (Optional: in scales using black keys, the thumb and 4th finger may beused on the black keys in both hands.)œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œœœ œœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œœhandsœ 8va bothœœœœœœœ4 œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ& 4 œ œ œ œœœœœœœœœœ?4 œ œ œ œ œœœœ4œœœœ œ œ œ œœ œ œ œ51155115511551etc.15 etc.C major in double thirds—legato only.& 44 œœ?44œœ3135425321œœ œœ œœ œœ31œœ œœ œœ œœ24133524œœ œœ œœ œœ œœ œœ œ œœœœœœ œ œœ œœ œœ œœœ œœ œœ œœ œ œœœœ œœ œœ œœ œœ œœ œ œœœœœœ œ œœ œœ œ œœœ œœ œœ œœ œ œœ 3124213553134231534224351213312153 42œœ œœ œ œœ œ 31œœ œœ œœ œ œ 2435132435
arpeggios and cadences is discussed in some detail. Also included is a clear explanation of scale degrees and a two-page guide to fingering the scales and arpeggios. Pages 4–17 Part 2 The Major Scales: The key of C plus the sharp keys in key signature sequence. Pages 18–33 Part 3 The Major Scales: The flat keys in key signature sequence.
