WIXLIB

STP169C-EB/Aug. 1994Subject IndexAAASHTO Accreditation Program, 40AASHTO Materials Reference Laboratory,40-41AASHTO T 259, 167-168AASHTO T 260, 171AASHTO T 277-83, 255Abrasiondefinitions, 182test methodsapplication, 190-191ASTM C 418, 186ASTM C 779, 186--188ASTM C 944, 188-189ASTM C 1138, 189--190types, 182Abrasion resistance, 182-190aggregate quality and, 183compressive strength and, 183-184concrete types and, 184curing and, 185factors affecting, 182-185finishing procedures and, 184-185lightweight aggregate concrete, 531mixture proportioning and, 183-184surface treatment and, 185Absorption (see also Water, absorption)characteristics, lightweight aggregates, 525method, cement content analysis, 113-114soundness tests, 414Absorption coefficient, 542Absorption cross section, 542-543Accelerating admixtures, 494 495ACI 116, 182ACI 116R, 49ACI 116R-90, 491,567ACI 117, 512ACI 207.5R, 571ACI 208-58, 202ACI 211, 59, 308ACI 211.1, 54, 75, 404, 595ACI 211.2, 75, 595ACI 212.3R, 491-492ACI 213, 531ACI 213R-870 536ACI 214, 71, 73ACI 214--77, 53ACI 226.1R-87, 500, 506ACI 226.3R-87, 500ACI 228, 73ACI 304, 50, 596ACI 304.2, 596Copyright 9 1994 by A S T M InternationalACI 305R-89, 480ACI 306, 238ACI 306R-88, 480ACI 308, 74ACI 308-81,481ACI 309.1R, 49AC1 310, 513ACI 318, 38, 272, 513, 531,594ACI 318--63, 204, 206ACI 318--71,204-205, 207ACI 318-89, 205-206ACI 503.1,601ACI 503.2, 601ACI 503.3, 601ACI 503.4, 601ACI 506, 589-591ACI 506--66, 590ACI 506R, 594, 596ACI 506R-90, 593ACI 506.2, 596ACI 506.2-77, 590ACI 506.3R-82, 590AC! 523.2R, 536ACI 547R, 593ACI 805-51,589-590Acid a k , 272-274Acoustic properties, unit weight and, 309-310Activity index, hydraulic cements, 45 !Additives, content analysis, 318Adhesives, 600-602Admixtures (see also Chemical admixtures; Mineral admixtures; specific materials)air--entraining, 299alkali-silica reactivity and, 370-371bonding and patching, 599-600content analysis, 318definitions, 491effects on permeability, 256proportioning, abrasion resistance and,183--184ready mixed concrete, 515in recycled concrete, 359roller-compacted concrete, 571sampling, 19-20shotcrete, 594Adsorption, 247-248Ageof cement paste, permeability coefficientand, 245of concrete, petrographic examination and, 214Aggregates (see also Lightweight aggregates;Petrographic evaluation, aggregates)611www.astm.orgair voids, 422--423alkali-silica reactivity, 366-369as a whole, 388coarsedegradation, 390-391grading, 402--404latex-modified mixes, 580particle size, workability and, 54pore system, 429-437preplaced aggregate concrete, 563size, effect on flexural strength, 132coatings, 407--408, 418--419concrete permeability and, 168-169configuration, 421-422content analysis, 318definition, 5degradation, impact on specifications, 398deleterious substances, 415--418drying shrinkage and, 222-223effect onbleeding, 104compressive strength, 287unit weight, 311elastic properties, 395fineentrained air and, 487grading, 404latex-modified mixes, 580prepla-'ed aggregate concrete, 563fineness modulus, 401-402fire resistance, 283, 285frictional properties, 397-398frost resistance, 298grading, 401--405, 422hardness, 395-397heavyweight, 293high-density, preplaced aggregate concretespecification, 564lightweight, 293mobility, 421-422permeability, 246petrographic examination, 211properties, 11Poisson's ratio, 395porosity and permeability, 240--241quality, abrasion resistance and, 183in radiation shielding, 542ready mixed concrete, 515roller-compacted concrete, 570-571sampling, 19shape, 405--406, 421-422shotcrete, 593

612TESTS AND PROPERTIES OF CONCRETEsoundness, 412-415specific gravity, 424-425specific heat, 442standards. 389strength. 388--389. 394-395surface moisture. 425-426texture, 406-408. 421-422thermal conductivity, 230, 441-442thermal diffnsivity, 442thermal expansion, 233-234, 440-441thermal properties, 438-443water absorption, 423-424. 426-428wear. 396-398wet degradation and attrition tests, 391-394wood, 178-179Aggregate-to-mortar bond, 395Air compressors, shotcrete, 592-593Air content (see Air voids)cohesion and, 297consistency and, 487effectsof algae in mixing water, 475-476fresh fiber-reinforcedconcrete, 550frost resistance and, 297hardened concrete, 296-300, 308hardness effect on mixing water, 476hydraulic cements, 458-459measurementhardened concrete, 300fresh concrete, 65-66methods, fresh concrete, 66--69optimum, air-void parameters, 485ready mixed concrete, 514strength reduction and, 297uniformity test, 51-52unit weight and yield, 297, 311water/cement ratio and, 487workability and, 297Air-entraining admixtures, 484-489.chemical, 487current specifications and test results, 489definitions, 484determining air void characteristics, 488--489entrained air, factors affecting amount andcharacter, 486-488flue aggregate, 487hydraulic cements, 458materials, 484-485mixing action, 487-488potential, cement content and, 487roller-compacted concrete, 571supplementary cementing materials, 487temperature, 488Air entrainmentgrading effect on, 4(}4-405workability and, 54Air-free unit weight test, 50-51Air voidsaggregates, 422-423characteristics, 486, 488-489composite gradation,299-300content analysis,318dispersion and spacing, 398, 301-302, 486expulsion with vibration,488freeze--thaw damage and, 297-298, 486frost resistance and, 298, 308lightweight aggregates, 524--525shape, 300size, 4'86Air-void systemgeometry evaluation, 302-308ASTM C 457 microscopic analysis,302-303comparing parameters in fresh and hardenedconcrete, 307image analysis techniques, 307linear traverse method, 303-304modified point count method, 304precision and bias, 304sources of variability and unceRainty,304-307test result interpretation, 307-308latex-modified portland cement, 581-582specific surface, 300-301with and without air-entraining admixtures,298-299Akeiey, Carl E., 591Algae, in mixing water, effects on air content andstrength, 475-476Alite, 464Alkali-aggregate reaction, research needs, 45Alkali--carbonate rock reactivity, 372-386ASTM standards, 372-373chemical and mineralogical composition,378-379compared with alkali-silica reaction, 375distress manifestations, 374-375evaluating potential forautoclaved concrete micmbars, 385concrete prism expansion test, 382-383demrmination by chemical composition,384-385field service record, 381-382freeze-thaw in salt solution, 385miniature rock prisms, 385petrographic examination, 384rock cylinder expansion test, 383-384expansive dedolomizatiun reaction, 373-374mechanism of reaction and expansion, 381petrographic characteristics, 375-378quarry sampling, 385types of reactions, 373Alkali reactivity, aggregate constituents of hardened concrete, 348Alkali-silica reactivity, 365-371admixed materials, 370-371avoiding expansive reactions, 369-371cement alkali level, 369-370compared with alkali-carbonate rock reactivity, 375fly ash, 504hydraulic cements, 459identifying potentially reactive aggregate,367-369mechanism of reactions and distress, 366-367moisture availability and environmentaleffects, 367mortar bar tests, 367-368petrographic examination, 368Quick Chemical Test, 368rapid mortar-bar expansion test, 368-369symptoms, 365-366types of reactive aggregate, 366-367Alkali sulfates, hydraulic cements, 471Aluminate, 464. 65Aluminum, corrosion, 174-176American Association of Laboratory Accreditation, 40Amino alcohol derivatives, 221Anti-corrosion agent, 169AS 1342, 253Asbestos, coreosion, 180Aspect ratio, 547, 553effect on setting time, 128ASTM 117-90, 586ASTM A 185, 594ASTM A 305, 202, 204, 206ASTM A 305-56T, 202ASTM A 385, 594ASTM A 408, 204ASTM A 416, 594, 594ASTM A 421,594ASTM A 497, 594ASTM A 615, 202, 204, 594ASTM A 616, 202, 594ASTM A 617, 202, 594ASTM A 641,594ASTM A 706, 594ASTM A 722, 594ASTM A 767, 594ASTM A 775, 206, 594ASTM A 820, 547ASTM C 29, 423, 430, 523ASTM C 31, 71-75, 124-126, 137, 149, 151,519, 575ASTM C 33, 54, 178, 180, 183, 299, 341,359360, 368, 372-373, 389, 396, 398, 401402, 404-406, 408, 411,414-417, 423,459, 580, 591,593, 595, 608-609ASTM C 39, 71, 125-126, 128-131, 137, 286,519ASTM C 40, 26. 417ASTM C 42, 20, 125-126, 128, 330-331,596-597ASTM C 70, 426ASTM C 71,481ASTM C 78, 71, 130-132, 287ASTM C 85, 315-317ASTM C 87, 417ASTM C 88, 267, 353, 411-413, 415, 419ASTM C 91, 40, 609ASTM C 94, 20, 50-51, 53, 71-72, 473, 511520, 596ASTM C 109, 33, 450, 452, 457-458, 506ASTM C 114, 468--469, 502ASTM C 115. 300, 450ASTM C 116, 125-126, 128, 130, 548, 550, 560ASTM C 117, 344, 408, 416-417ASTM C 123, 415, 417ASTM C 125, 5, 11, 53-54, 300, 347, 353-354,403, 484, 500, 505ASTM C 127, 75, 414, 423--428, 432, 525ASTM C 128, 75, 414, 423--428, 525ASTM C 131, 183, 389-391,415, 417ASTM C 136, 344, 401,525ASTM C 138, 51, 69, 75, 297, 307-308, 488,512, 550ASTM C 142, 342, 415-416ASTM C 143, 52, 55, 66, 72-73, 75ASTM C 144, 609ASTM C 150, 40, 107, 223-224, 226, 236, 270,272, 317, 449, 462--463, 465--467, 471,570, 589, 593, 609ASTM C 151,224-226, 450, 456, 531ASTM C 156, 478, 481-482ASTM C 157, 225-227, 450, 452, 455, 529, 559ASTM C 171,594, 596ASTM C 172, 20, 66, 73, 527, 548, 550ASTM C 173, 51-52, 68, 73, 75, 307, 486, 526,527, 550ASTM C 177 231, 288, 443, 523, 534ASTM C 183 20,26ASTM C 184 450ASTM C 185 45O, 452, 459ASTM C 186 235, 450, 455ASTM C 187 453, 450, 452ASTM C 188, 432, 450-451,524ASTM C 190 457ASTM C 191 450, 453-454ASTM C 192 71-73, 75-76, 124-126, 159, 575ASTM C 20C 344ASTM C 204 300, 450-451ASTM C 207 6O9