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previously been Director of the PharmacologyResearch Associate Training Program in theNational Institute of General Medical Sciences.Mr. Joseph Gantner was appointed Chief ofthe Technical Services Division, LibraryOperations, in December 1973. He came to NLMfrom the State University of New York at StonyBrook, where he had been Associate Directorand Acting Director of Libraries. Mr. Gantnersucceeded Seymour I. Taine, who left theLibrary in July 1973 to take a position with theWorld Health Organization in Geneva,Switzerland.Joining Specialized Information Services inJune as Chief of the Technical Files Implemen-tation Branch was Michael Oxman, Ph.D. Hewas previously with the NIH Division ofResearch Resources where he served as aProgram Officer in the Biote.hnology ResourcesBranch.Ernest M. Allen, Sc.D., Associate Director forExtramural Programs, officially retired fromFeder1.1 service in June 1974. However, Dr.Allen continues serving in that position under afull-time temporary appointment.Others retiring in June 1974 were Norman P.Shumway, M.D., Head of the MeSH Section,Bibliographic Sr-vices Division, and LeonardKarel, Ph.D., pharmacologist, Office of theAssociate Director for Library Operations.Table 1. Personnel CeilingsFY 1978 FY 1974 FY 1675Office of the DirectorOffice of Inquiries and PublicationsManagementOffice of AdministrateOffice of Computer and CommunicationsSy temsExtramural ProgramsLister Hill National Center forBiomedical CommunicationsSpecialized Information ServicesNational Medical Audiovisual CenterLibrary t of Financial Resourcessiderable interest in the progress of the pro-In January 1974 the President submitted toCongress the Administration's budget for fiscalposed Lister Hill Center building. On June 27,year 19'15. The amount requested for the NLMwas 27,788,000, an increase of almost 2 millionover the FY 1974 appropriation but nearly 1.5million less than the amount actually availablefor obligation in FY 1974. The reason for thewide divergence between appropriated andobligations' levels was that in December 1978the Federal Courts ruled that the Administration must release to the various agercies fundswhich had been impounded in the previous year; 3,388,000 were restored and made available forobligation by NLM in FY 1974.In the spring of 1974, subcommittees of theHouse and Senate Appropriations Committeesheld hearings on NLM's FY 1975 budget request.Members of both subcommittees expressed con-1974, the House passed a bill including funds forthe NLM; the Senate had not yet taken action byyear's end, The House bill contained an increaseof 812,000 over the President's budget requestfor NLM, the additional funds to be used for"staff support."The Library continued to experience the pervasive effects of inflation in 1974, which, as inprevious years, were more extreme in thepublishing industry than in the Nation'seconomy as a whole. This had the dual effe0 ofincreasing the cost of literature acquisition tothe NLM and of forcing many small libraries tocurtail their own subscriptions to medical journals and rely more heavily on the NLM and theRegional Medical Libraries for loans and otherservices.

Table 2. Financial Resources and AllocationsFiscal Year 1974Amounts Available for ObligationAppropriation, NLMPhis: Unobligated Balance Brought Forward,Start of FY 1974Pay Cost SupplementsEarned ReimbursementsLess: Transfer of Funds to Departmental ManagementTotal 25,871,0003,365,000458,0001,004,59436,000 30,662,594Amounts Obligated by Extramural Programs 7,689,000Amounts Obligated for Direct OperationsLister Hill National Center for Biomedical CommunicationsNational Medical Audiovisual CenterOffice of Computer and Communications SystemsLibrary OperationsToxic low Information ProgramReview and Approval of GrantsProgram Direction 03,497,000Subtotal, Direct Operations 22,829,000Total Obligations, NLM 30,518,000Lister Kill Center BuildingUnder the specific authority of Public Law 90-456, the planning for the Lister Hill NationalCenter for Biomedical Communications facilitybegan in FY 1970. When built, the facility willhouse the staff of the Lister Hill Center, theNational Medical Audiovisual Center, Extramural Programs, Specialized InformationServices, Office of Computer and Communications Systems, and certain componentsof Library Operations. This will make it possibleto use most of the NLM building for library services and stacks, purposes for which it wasdesigned. The new Lister Hill Center Building,to be located adjacent to the present Library,will be a ten-story tower with three underground levels.Tentative working drawings were reviewed byNLM staff in March 1974 and comments wereforwarded to the architect, Carrell Associates ofPhiladelphia, for consideration in developingthe final working drawings. These are schedulelto be completed by January 1975. The projectwill be ready for issuance of invitation to bid onconstruction in FY 1975, pending the authorization of construction funds by Congress.SecurityDuring FY 1974 a complete review was madeof the Library's safety and security program.George P. More* and Associates, consultants inprotection, conducted a survey and seminar onprotection at the National Library of Medicine.As a result of recommendations made by theconsulting firm and staff members of theLibrary, a new program of protection and safetywas established. Some of the elements of theprogram which were instituted during the yearinclude: development of an emergency evacuation plan; assignment to the Library of perma-nent guards and establishment of a specialguard force training program; improvement ofcontrol over the collection and other propertywith an improved pass system; and evaluationof the need for an automatic access controlsystem. A study of the feasibility of an improved fire protection system to safeguard thecollection was also completed.Awards and HonorsNLM Director, Martin M. Cummings, M.D.,was the recipient of a 1973 Rockefeller PublicService Award, one of the most prestigious

BEST COPY AVAILABLEThe fifth annual Regents Award fozhonors of its kind in the nation. Dr. Cummingswas cited for his leadership in the Library'sdevelopment of computerized bibliographicScholarship or Technical Achievement went toSharon L. Valley, Ph.D., pharmacologist in theOffice of the Associate Director for SpecializedInformation Services. Dr. Valley was cited forher initiative and creativity in developing unique toxicology information products and ser-retrieval systems, and for the use of communications satellites in the tn. nsfer ofbiomedical information.vices.The Director's Award went to threeemployees for their exceptional achievementsand contributions to the Library: Henry M.Kissman, Ph.D., Associate Director forSpecialized Information Services; Mary E. Cor-ning, Assistant Director for InternationalPrograms; and Norman P. Shumway, M.D.,Chief, Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Section, Bibliographic Services Division, LibraryOperations.CopyrightOn November 27, 1973, the U.S. Court ofClaims ruled that making single copies of journal articles by NLM and the NIH library doesnot vie:ate copyright laws. The judgment was inresponse to a petition filed on February 27, 1968,Princeton President William G. Bowen (left) presents theRockefeller Public Service Award to NLM Director Dr.Martin M. Cummings. Sponsor of the award is John D.Rockefeller, III (right).by Williams & Wilkins against the FederalGovernment. The petition alleged that NLM andthe NIH library, by providing on inter-libraryloan single copies of journal articles for the useof health professionals, had infringed the journal publisher's copyright. The court's four tothree decision in favor of the Federal Govern-Two NLM employees were named to receiveDREW Superior Service Awards. Kent A.Smith, Assistant Director for Administration,cited for "exceptional competence as an administrator, unique and lasting contributions tothe management of NLM, and dedication to thehighest traditions of public service." Arthur J.Broering, Deputy Associate Director for Extramural Programs, was honored for his "con-ment overturned Commissioner James F.Davis's preliminary report filed in Februarydevelopment of the NLM grant programs and to1971; which had recommended in favor of theplaintiff.The court said that medical research wouldsuffer if such photocopying were banned sincethe direction and growth of the Regional"the supply of reprints and back numbers isMedical Library System."wholly inadequate," and it is "wholly unrealistictd expect scientific personnel to subscribesiderable contributions to the guidance andMrs. H. Rita Orr, Personnel ManagementSpecialist in the Office of Administration,received the NIH Equal Employment Oppor-regularly to large numbers of journals whichwould only occasionally contain articles of interest to them." The court also rejected theplaintiff's argument that he had suffered finan-tunity Award for 1974, the first time the awardhas been given. Mrs. Orr was recognized for her"success in working with NLM supervisors andcial loss because of library photocopying.The plaintiff has appealed the decision of theCourt of Claims to the Supreme Court, whichhas agreed to hear the case. Arguments will beheard in the fall of 1974, with a decision comingprobably in the spring of 1975.educational institutions which has helpedproduce an awareness of the capabilities andpotentialities of the young employee and for herrole as coordinator of the Stay-in-School andSummer Aide programs."11

BEST COPT AVAILABLEExhibitsTwo new exhibits were displayed in theLibrary's entrance foyer during the year. Thefirst, "The Artist and Medicine," contained avaried selection of prints and drawings presenting artists' views on man's confrontation withsickness, pain, and death. The second,"Witchcraft and Medicine," dealt withwitchcraft from the 15th through the 18th centuries, and included books and prints from thecollection of NLM's History of Medicine Division.Within Library Operations, the AssociateDirector has been working with the EEOCommittee to establish an in-house trainingprogram for Po,. library technicians interested in qualifying as librarians. Thistr%ining will give employees inparaprofessional positions knowledge toassist them in performing their daily workand, at the same time, increase their upward mobility by preparing them to takethe Federal Librarian Examination.The NLM, in addition to increasing its par-ticipation in Project Strict.; has also nowbegun to participate in Access, an upwardmobility cooperative work-study programinvolving alternating periods of full-timework and full-time college attendance. Theparticipants are students of local collegesand universities who are preparing for aprofessional career. This program is helpfulin bringing minority group members andwomen into professional positions at NIH.All college fees are paid under the program.However, the student earns a salary onlyfor the time he is actually working at NIH.The NMAC EEO Committee has been instrumental in developing a separate andcomprehensive Affirmative Action Plan forNMAC.Elections were held for the new EEO Com-mittee in September. Subsequently, Ms.Cecile Quintal, Serial Records and BindingSection, TSD, was appointed to chair the"Base Hospital." a lithograph by Georg* 8411ewe (1882'1925). was one of the works displayed in the exhibit "TheArtist and Medicine."Committee.Efforts to inform NLM employees about theEEO program were highlighted by the dis-Equal Employment Opportunityprepared by members of the Com-Activitiestribution of an informative brochuremunications Subcommittee.In May 1974, an Upward Mobility ProgramsThe Library has continued to follow the actionsteps and timetable contained in the 1973 Affir-forum was conducted at NLM to educatemative Action Plan. Among the significantcluding the on-campus Upward Mobilityevents for FY 1974:The Director reaffirmed his commitment toproviding opportunities for employees byreestablishing the Administrative Traineeposition within the Office of Administration. The last trainee in this position, Mr.supervisors about these programs, inCollege.The NLM EEO Coordinator has been in-stru. ental in recruiting minorities andBryant Pegram, is now serving as Ad-women for professional-level positions atthe Library. His office has also been engaged in developing a statistical profile of NLMemployees to aid in identifying areas of theministrative Officer, Office of ComputerLibrary where recruitment efforts shouldand Communications Systems.be increased.

II. LIBRARY SERVICES AND OPERATIONSThe Library has continued to build resourcesto provide the necessary central back-up servicefor document delivery and bibliographic supportto the Regional Medical Library Network. In addition, NLM is planning to develop and implement a management information system whichwill use the existing MEDLINE, SERLINE, andCATLINE data bases to generate networkcontrolled document delivery systems which ul-timately will be fully integrated with thebibliographic retrieval system of the network.An extension of the traditional interlibraryloan services as we now know them was the initiation in FY 1974 of an experimental eeferralsystem between the National Library ofMedicine and the British Library Lending Division in Boston Spa, Yorkshire. This experimen-tal cooperative projectusing the British Lending Library as backing for document deliveryneeds in the United Statesis a resource sharing approach on an international level whichmay open a new extension of interlibrarycooperation.NLM's involvement with the Library ofCongress' Cataloging in Publication Programwas expanded considerably during the fiscalyear. The preparation of cataloging data for approximately 1,700 biomedical titles has almostcalled CONSER (Conversion of Serials DataBases). This development in resource sharingwithin the library community has evolved as anextension of the National Serials Data Program(NSDP), begun by the Library of Congress,NLM, and the National Agricultural Library.Numerous training programs, includingworkshops, seminars, and courses of severalweeks' duration were conducted by LibraryOperations to train librarians and informationspecialists in health sciences librarianship, inindexing methods, and in the techniques of online bibliographic searching. The LibraryAssociate Program, now in its ninth year ofoperation, continued to prove popular with recent ill aduates of library science schools. Fiftyfive candidates from 32 schools competed for thefour Associatc positions at NLM. The new training program will begin in September 1974. Theone-year associateship provides opportunitiesfor seminars, practical work experience, andproject assignments, as well as formal presentations and individual study.rommorr."doubled !r.st year's output. The National Libraryof Medicine plans to continue and increase itscontribution to this program.As a result of cooperative programs with theLibrary of Congress, the Council on LibraryResources, and other major academic libraries,944"agreement has been reached or, adopting amodification to the standard Library ofCongress MARC record format which enablesNLM and other libraries to make their machinereadable records compatible with MARCrecords generated by the Library of Congress.Training classes an held regularly at NLM for indasenand MEDLINE search analysts.This development will make it possible toprovide a linkage with the Ohio College LibraryCenter which operates a large national libraryBibliographic Servicesprocessing system and has the capability tomake NLM's cataloging data available toDuring fiscal year 1974, 224,318 journal articles were indexed for MEDLARS. Thenetwork users.Bibliographic Services Division, under whoseNLM has also taken an active role in thedevelopment of a National Serials Data Basedirection all indexing is done, continued itsprimary functions of coordinating this world-

BEST COPY AVAILABLEwide effort and of maintaining an intensivequality control review procedure. In addition, byyear-end, 25 percent of all indexing was performed by Division personnel.More than 150 journal titles were added to thelist of those indexed for MEDLARS. This wasmade possible as a result of the continuingreview of all journals indexed, and the subse-quent deletion of those whose quality haddeteriorated. By the end of the year a total of 2,275 journal titles were being regularly indexed.The day-to-day operation and manmsrement ofthe network of 235 libraries utilw a and offering the Library's on-line serv: continued to bea major activity of " division. On-goingpublication of the n. Anly NETWORK/ME DLARSTechnical Bulletin, generation of user manuals,and gathering and reporting of statistical dataon system usage are representative of BSD'snetwork management functions. In addition,five training courses on the operation of theLibrary's on -line systems werr conducted underthe auspices of the Division; 67 medical liAlmost 225,000 journal articles were Indexed In FY 1974.brarians attended these courses.Table 3. Summary of Bibliographic ServicesFY 1972 FY 1973 FY 1974Articles IndexedNLMOther U.S.ForeignTOTALMEDLINE SearchesLecurring BibliographiesJournals Indexed for Index MedicusMeSH SectionIn view of the greatly expanded activities ofthe Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Sectionand its growing diversity of interactions outsidethe Bibliographic Services Division, anorganizational change in January 1974transferred the MeSH Section from the Divisionto the Office of the Associate Director 2424242,2462,1942,275One hundred and seventy-five new terms wereadded to facilitate this change.In November 1973, the MEDLARS I MeSH filewas closed to further additions or changes inorder to permit its conversion to MEDLARS IIformat. All subsequent additions and changeshave had to be held in abeyance awaiting theavailability of MEDLARS II input and fileLibrary Operations.Medical Subject Headings Section activity forthe year was concentrated on preparing for themaintenance capabilities. These were not yetavailable at the close of the fiscal year.transition from MEDLARS I to MEDLARS II. Thethe National Institute of Chikl Health andheadings was extensively reorganized to utilizethe capability of having a seven-level structurewhere only four levels were previously possible.Human Development and Karolinska Institutetin Stockholm, Sweden, have led to the development of many new terms and cross referencesconcerned with the biology of reproduction.hierarchical organization of the subjectExtended meetings with subject experts from

BM' MP! AVAILABLEHistory of MedicineThe History of Medicine Division continued toincrease its resources for historical scholarshipduring the year. Three incunabula were addedto the collection: Jacopo da For li, Expositiosuper primo Canonis Avicenne (Venice, 1495;Goff J-52); Joannes de Janduno, Questiones intres libros De anima Aristotelis (Venice, 1488;Goff J-353); and Alexander of Aphrodisias, Deanima ex Aristotelis institutione (Brescia, 1495;Goff A-286). From later periods the Libraryadded a wide range of materials, from such fun-damental works in the history of science asFrancis Bacon's Instauratio magna (London,1620) and rarities such as the famous LeonhartFuchs's Al le Kranckheyt der Augen(Strassburg, 1539), to 19th century Americanaincluding an ephemeral "Circular andCatalogue" for Alden March's Practical Schoolfor Anatomy and Surgery in Albany, New York,1835. Additions to the modern manuscriptcollection included some 2,000 items relating tothe history of the Public Health Service fromDr. Ralph Chester Williams, the Archives ofDr. Faye G. Abdellah, Chief P118 Nurse Meer, and Dr.Anne Kibrick and Mrs. Margaret Walsh of the NationalLeague for Nursing, meet with Dr. Peter D. Olch, DeputyChief of the History of Medicine Division, to discuss establishing a national repository of manuscript materialsrelated to the development of the American nursingprofession.movement. A master index to the interviews,now totaling 83, is being prepared for thebenefit of interested readers.received from Drs. Esmond R. Long, W. PalmerDearing, William S. Middleton, and ChaunceyD. Leake.During the year, over 4,000 books, manuscriptboxes, and oral history memoirs were providedto readers in the Library. Some 2,200 items werefurnished on interlibrary loan or in photocopyand nearly 1,900 photographs and slides wereThe oral history collection continued to beenriched by transcript

Public Law 480 Program, 39. International Organizations,39. LIST OF TABLES. Table 1. Personnel ceilings 9 . L. QUINCY MUMFORD, LL.D. The Librarian of Congress. LT. GENERAL ROBERT A. PATTERSON . Associate Dean of the Medical College of Penn-sylvania, to four-year terms on the NLM Board of Regents. The Board, which meets three times .