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THE FLIGHT COMPUTER AND NAVIGATION PLOTTERGOAL: HOW TO USE A MANUAL E6B FOR FLIGHT PLANNING ANDENROUTE NAVIGATION.COMPUTING SIDE OF E6B Distance, Speed, and Time Enroute Fuel Consumption and Duration Computation of True Airspeed using Temperature and Altitude Determination of Density Altitude True Altitude Calculation & Interpellation techniques for interpreting temp/altdataWIND SIDE OF E6B Determination of Wind Correction Angle, and True Heading Determination of Ground Speed, Variation and Magnetic Heading Use of Deviation to determine Compass HeadingNAVIGATION PLOTTER Plotting and determining True Course DistancesMANY EXERCISES ALONG THE WAY .Ground School 2011Created by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTERGround School 2011Created by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTERSPEED, DISTANCE, TIME, FUELNo complex formulas –LEGENDS ON E6BSpeed, DistanceTimeABCORGallon per hour, Fuel Burned ATime BCTHIS WILL BECOME LESS COMPLEX AS WE DO PRACTICE EXERCISEGround School 2011Created by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTERDISTANCEDISTANCE (Scale A, above the time) 1. Speed (Scale A-speed index) *2. Time (Scale B)DistancehereSpeed1Time(below)2Use eitherMinutes (B) orHours (C)SPEED 120TIME 120 MINUTESDISTANCE 240 MILESCAUTION: SCALABILITY (12 can be 12, 120, 1200)APPLY COMMON SENSEGround School 2011Created by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTERDISTANCE PRACTICEProblem1. Speed2. Time1120 (A)120 minutes (B)Distance240SM or NM: What & WhereHOW TO CONVERT#1 240 SM 208 NM*ALWAYS use KTS notMPH, and NM not SMGround School 2011Created by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTERDISTANCE PRACTICEGround School 2011Problem1. Speed2. Time2105 MPH1 HR 20 MinutesDistance140 SMCreated by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTERDISTANCE PRACTICEGround School 2011Problem1. Speed2. Time390 MPH300 MinutesDistance450Created by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTERDISTANCE PRACTICEGround School 2011Problem1. Speed2. Time4150 MPH2 HRS 15 MINDistance338Created by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTERDISTANCE PRACTICEGround School 2011Problem1. Speed2. Time5250 MPH2 HRS 05 MINDistance521Created by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTERDISTANCE PRACTICEProblem1. Speed2. TimeDistance6500 MPH15 MIN12550Ground School 2011Created by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTERDISTANCE PRACTICEGround School 2011Problem1. Speed2. Time7123 MPH4 HRS 04 MINDistance500Created by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTERDISTANCE PRACTICEGround School 2011Problem1. Speed2. TimeDistance8163 MPH13 MIN35Created by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTERSPEEDSPEED (Scale A, above the speed index) 1DistanceSpeedhere1. Distance (Scale A-put over time) *2. Time (Scale B)Time(below)2Use eitherMinutes (B) orHours (C)DISTANCE 240TIME 120 MINUTESSPEED 120 MILESwhere time is 10 minutes or greaterGround School 2011Created by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTERSPEEDProblem9Ground School 2011DistanceTime240 SM (A)2 HRS 00 MINS (B 120 & C)SPEED120Created by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTERSPEEDProblem10Ground School 2011DistanceTime25 SM15 MINSPEED100Created by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTERSPEEDGround School 2011ProblemDistanceTimeSPEED11135 SM1 HR 10 MIN116Created by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTERSPEEDGround School 2011ProblemDistanceTime12400 SM3 HR 20 MINSPEED120Created by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTERSPEEDProblem13Ground School 2011DistanceTimeSPEED35 SM12 MIN175Created by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTERSPEEDProblem14Ground School 2011DistanceTime75 SM1 HR 30 MINSPEED50Created by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTERSPEEDProblem15Ground School 2011DistanceTime15 SM12 MINSPEED75Created by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTERSPEEDGround School 2011ProblemDistanceTimeSPEED16375 SM3 HR 00 MIN125Created by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTERSPEEDSpeed (A-speed index) Distance (A) / Time (B) (underneath the distance)where time is 10 minutesWe treat the B scale as seconds and the C scale as Minutes. Instead of using the“Speed Index” we use a special point on the B scale found at 36(SEC.)Example: Fly 1 mile in 45 seconds. Set 1 (A scale) over 45 ( B scale) and locatethe SEC points (36 on B scale). Groundspeed above is 80 on the A scale.17. 1 mile in 120 seconds (or 2:00 Minutes) 3018. 5 miles in 45 seconds PracticeGround School 201119. 3 miles in 2 minutes 30 seconds 4007220. 1 mile in 8 seconds 45021. 7.5 miles in 4 minutes and 30 seconds 100Created by Steve Reisser
Quick mental math on AirspeedAre we there yet? How long?If the groundspeed is 150 knots, multiply the distance by four and drop thelast zero: 20 miles*4 80. It will take eight minutes at 150.For 60, multiply the miles by 1 since your are traveling at 1 mile per minute.For 90, divide miles by 1.5 since you are going 1.5 miles each minute.For 100, multiply by six for 120, minus the zero for 12 minutes.For 120, divide by two since you are traveling at 2 miles per minute.For 150, divide by 2.5 since you are traveling at 2.5 miles per minute.For 180, just divide by three since you are traveling at 3 miles per minute.Etc, etc, etc.Ground School 2011Created by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTERTIMETIME (Scale B or C, below Distance) 1Speed1. Speed (Scale A)2. Distance (Scale A)2DistanceTimehereUse eitherMinutes (B) orHours (C)SPEED 120DISTANCE 240TIME Ground School 2011120 MIN or 2:00 HRSCreated by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTERTIMETime (B-minutes/C-hours & minutes) Distance (A) / Speed (A-index)Problem22Ground School 2011SPEEDDistanceTIME1202402 HR 00 MINCreated by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTERTIMEProblem23Ground School 2011SPEEDDistance10525TIME14:17Created by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTERTIMEProblem24Ground School 2011SPEEDDistance200135TIME40:30’Created by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTERTIMEProblem24Ground School 2011SPEEDDistance135400TIME2:57:47’Created by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTERTIMEProblem25Ground School 2011SPEEDDistance13535TIME15:33Created by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTERTIMEProblem26Ground School 2011SPEEDDistanceTIME907550:00Created by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTERTIMEProblem27Ground School 2011SPEEDDistance30015TIME03:00Created by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTERTIMEProblem28Ground School 2011SPEEDDistance90375TIME4:10:00Created by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTERFUEL CONSUMPTION AND RATERATE OF CONSUMPTION(WORK LIKE SPEED)G.P.H. 5Ground School 2011(WORK LIKE DISTANCE)FUEL BURNED 10TIME 120 MINUTESFUEL BURNED TOTAL GALLONS10 GALLONSTIME 120 MINUTESRATE 5 G.P.H.Created by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTERFUELProblem29Ground School 20111. GPH2. TIMEFUEL CONSUMPTION5 (A)120 minutes (B)(A) 10 GALLONSCreated by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTERFUELProblem 1. GPH30Ground School 20118.5 GPH2. TIME1 HR 20 MinutesFUEL CONSUMPTION11.3 GCreated by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTERFUELProblem 1. GPH31Ground School 201190 GPH2. TIME300 MinutesFUEL CONSUMPTION450.0 GCreated by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTERFUELProblem 1. GPH32Ground School 201113.5 GPH2. TIME2 HRS 15 MINFUEL CONSUMPTION30.4 GCreated by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTERFUEL CONSUMPTION RATEProblem33Ground School 20111. GALLONS2. TIMERATE OF CONSUMPTION10 (A) G120 minutes (B)(A) 5 GPHCreated by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTERFUELProblem34Ground School 20111. GALLONS2. TIME12 G1 HR 20 MinutesRATE OF CONSUMPTION9 GPHCreated by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTERFUELProblem35Ground School 20111. GALLONS2. TIME35 G300 MinutesRATE OF CONSUMPTION7 GPHCreated by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTERFUELProblem36Ground School 20111. GALLONS2. TIME13.5 G2 HRS 15 MINRATE OF CONSUMPTION6 GPHCreated by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTERAIRSPEEDWHAT YOU SEE (INDICATED AIRSPEED) IS NOT EXACTLY TRUEV speedsKCAS (Knots Calibrated AS)KIAS (Knots Indicated AS)V NE158160V NO126128VA2300 lbs19501600969788808980V FE8685TRUE AIRSPEED (TAS) - Calibrated airspeed must be corrected for altitudeand the outside air temperature. (temperature & pressure impact airspeedindicator)TAS IS HOW FAST YOU ARE MOVING THRU THE AIR NOT HOW FASTYOU ARE MOVING OVER THE GROUND (need wind info for GS)Ground School 2011Created by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTERTRUE AIRSPEED (TAS)POSITION THE TEMPERATURE OVER THE ALTITUDEPRESSUREWINDOWDensityAltitudeTemperature Celsius AboveAltitude belowCASTASFIND CALIBRATED AIRSPEED ON “B”, THE TAS IS JUST ABOVEGround School 2011Created by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTERTRUE AIRSPEED (TAS)Ground School 2011ProblemALTTEMP CCASTASDensity Alt.375,00001001074389Created by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTERTRUE AIRSPEED (TAS)Ground School 2011ProblemALTTEMP CCASTASDensity Alt.383, 500 101051113728Created by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTERTRUE AIRSPEED (TAS)Ground School 2011ProblemALTTEMP CCASTASDensity Alt.398, 500-201201326253Created by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTERTRUE AIRSPEED (TAS)Ground School 2011ProblemALTTEMP CCASTASDensity Alt.4012,000-302502859350Created by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTERTRUE ALTITUDETRUE ALTITUDE : Indicated altitude corrected for temperature & altitude.4. T Alt3. P Alt1.Temp2.Ind. Alt1. Adjust wheel so that “indicated altitude” is under the outside air temperature (C)2. Find “pressure altitude” on the B scale and read the TRUE ALTITUDE above on theA scale. [GET PRESSURE ALTITUDE BY ADJUSTING THE KOLLSMAN WINDOWTO READ 29.92]ProblemP AltTEMP C415,0000Ground School 2011TRUE ALTITUDE4900Created by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTERTRUE ALTITUDEGround School 2011ProblemP AltTEMP C438, 500-20TRUE ALTITUDE7930Created by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTERTRUE ALTITUDEGround School 2011ProblemP AltTEMP C4412,000-30TRUE ALTITUDE11037Created by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTERINTERPOLATION FOR WINDS ALOFTVFR HEADING 0-179 FLY odd 500 above 3000 AGL17500 16500WINDS ALOFT@9000.5 difference 3000-6000.83 55006000.50 .17 3000VFR HEADING 180-359 FLY even 500 above 3000 AGL20045 02Step 1 3000-6000 DifferenceDirection 200-180 20Velocity 45- 15 30Temperature 12-2 1019740 04350018015 12INTERPOLATE 45006500450060003000 INCRMENTS7500You tell me WA@ 5500.83 DIFFERENCE3000Step 2 Cruise Difference(Example@4500)Direction.5 x20 10Velocity.5 x30 15Temperature .5 x10 5Step 3 Add Cruise DifferenceDirection180 10 190Velocity15 15 30Temperature 12- 5 7Wa@4500 Ground School 201119030 07Created by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTERMULTI-PART COMPUTATIONSHOW MUCH FUEL IS BURNED IN EACH OF THE FOLLOWING?(Assumption: IAS and CAS are the same for the below problems).FIND THE TIME AND THEN APPLY TO THE RATE OF FUEL CONSUMED .WIND 0, GROUND SPEED 129 MPH, DISTANCE 320 SMFUEL CONSUMPTION RATE 9 GPH (Get Time & Gals)TIME 2:2922.5 GALSALTITUDE 7,500, INDICATED AIRSPEED 105 MPH, TEMPERATURE 15C DISTANCE 256 SM, FUEL CONSUMPTION RATE 11.5 GPH(Get TAS, Time, Gals)TAS 121TIME 2:0724.4 GALSALTITUDE 7,500, IAS 115, TEMPERATURE -10C,DISTANCE 335, FUEL CONSUMPTION RATE 8.5 GPH(Get TAS, Time, Gals)TAS 127TIME 2:3822.4 GALSGROUNDSPEED 135, WIND 0, TEMPERATURE -20C,ALTITUDE 9,000, DISTANCE 425, FULE CONSUMPTIONRATE 12 GPH (Get Time and Gals)TIME 3:0937.8 GALSGround School 2011Created by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTERWIND SIDEGround School 2011Created by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTERWIND SIDEUse wind sideto determine / GSresulting fromwinds aloftUncorrected flight pathGround School 2011Created by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTERDETERMINING WIND CORRECTION & GROUND SPEEDWIND 360VELOCITY 10TRUE COURSE 240TAS 1051-Set Wind direction 3604-Set TC 2406-Grommet GS (110)3-Mark aboveWind speed(10)2-Grommet toany speed line7-WCA(right ) 55-Slide card so mark Is on TAS (105)Ground School 2011Created by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTERPRACTICE WIND CORRECTION & GROUND SPEEDTRY THIS TC 310TAS 120WIND 180 @ 16Ground School 2011WCA (Wind Correction Angle)-6TRUE HEADING (TC /-WCA)?GROUND SPEED?304130Created by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTERPRACTICE WIND CORRECTION & GROUND SPEEDTC 178TAS 135WIND 045 @ 23Ground School 2011WCA (Wind Correction Angle)-7TRUE HEADING (TC /-WCA)?171GROUND SPEED?150Created by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTERPRACTICE WIND CORRECTION & GROUND SPEED135 KTSTC 050TAS 155 MPHWIND 165 @ 18 KTSGround School 2011WCA (Wind Correction Angle) 7TRUE HEADING (TC /-WCA)?057GROUND SPEED (KTS) ?142 KTSCreated by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTERPRACTICE WIND CORRECTION & GROUND SPEEDTC 270TAS 130 KTSWIND 344 @ 18 KTSGround School 2011WCA (Wind Correction Angle) 8TRUE HEADING (TC /-WCA)?278GROUND SPEED?124 KTSCreated by Steve Reisser
Determining Wind Direction and Speed using the E6B when enroute.Basically you work the wind problem backwards on the E6B.1. Put your groundspeed under the grommet2. On the True Airspeed Arc, put a dot to reflect right or left wind correction angleyou are holding.3. Rotate the ring so that your mark is on the centerlineRead the wind direction under the E6B True IndexRead the wind speed as the distance up from the grommet to your mark.Try this:Your Heading is 310, but you holding course 304 to maintain the heading.Your TAS is 120, and your ground speed is 130.Determine Wind Direction and speed. Slide 55 to confirm your answer.Wind Direction 180, Wind Speed 16Ground School 2011Created by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTERNAVIGATION PROBLEMSYou only need 2 more pieces of the puzzle to plot and compute full navigationproblems (Deviation and Variation)WHAT AND WHERE DO YOU FIND DEVIATION?Corrections for instrument errors printed (a) in the POH & (b) on the Magnetic CompassN6585J Deviation030 060 090 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360-1-2-1-100 2 2 10-1-1WHAT IS AND WHERE DO YOU FIND VARIATION?Variation between TRUE and MAGNETIC North located on Sectional Charts as dashedvertical lines (E & W)ADD ( ) if “W”SUB (-) if “E”Ground School 2011Created by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTER NAVIGATION PROBLEMSPUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER . IT’S ON YOUR E6B TAS, you must know the Winds Aloft , outside airtemperature and velocity at altitude WCA is the offset to the TC due to the winds aloft GS is the correction of TAS for the winds aloft TH is the TC correction of WCA (TH TC /- WCA) MH is the TH correction of Variation (MH TH /- VAR) CH is the MH correction of Deviation (CH MH /- DEV)Ground School 2011Created by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTERPRACTICE WIND CORRECTION & GROUND SPEEDTC 095IAS 111 KTSTEMPERATURE 25 CALTITUDE 7,500WIND 360 @ 10 KTSGround School 2011TAS130 KTSWCA (Wind Correction Angle)-4TRUE HEADING (TC /-WCA)?091GROUND SPEED (KTS)?130 KTSCreated by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTER NAVIGATION PROBLEMSFlight from Vandenberg to Venice FL, TRUE COURSE (TC) 197WINDS ALOFT 050 @ 25 KTS, TEMPERATURE ALOFT 10CIAS 115 CASALTITUDE 4,500 DISTANCE 38 SM030 060 090 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360-1-2-1-10TASGSWCATH (TC /- WCA)VARIATION 4WMH (TH /- VARIATION)DEVIATION CH (MH /- DEV) Ground School 20110 2 2 10-1-1124144-6191 5196 1197Created by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTER NAVIGATION PROBLEMSSAME FLIGHT – DIFFERENT DAYCAS 115, CRUISING 4500WIND 200 @ 25, TEMP 20 CTC 197RETURN FLIGHTTASGSWCATHVARMHDEVCHGround School 2011127102 1198 5203 1204WIND 200 @ 25, TEMP 20 CTC 017TASGS127152WCATH-1016VARMH 5021DEVCH-1020Created by Steve Reisser
THE NAVIGATION PLOTTER1. Use as straight edge to draw course line between airports/navaids2. Measure DISTANCE3. Determine TRUE COURSEGrommetCAUTIONUSE THE CORRECT SIDE (SECTIONAL)USE APPROPRIATE UNITS OF DISTANCE (NM)USE PENCIL – NOT PEN UNLESS YOUR ABSOLUTELY SUREGround School 2011Created by Steve Reisser
NAVIGATION PLOTTER PRACTICEPRACTICE EXERCISE 1DRAW COURSE LINE AND RECORD DISTANCE (NM) BETWEENLEG 1. Tampa Executive to Sebring Airport.LEG 2. Sebring Airport to Wachula AirportLEG 3. Wachula Airport to Tampa Executive AirportGround School 2011Created by Steve Reisser
NAVIGATION PLOTTER PRACTICEPRACTICE EXERCISE 2Mark and measure Checkpoints for each leg. It is a visual marker of your choice toassist you to recognize if you are on course. It should be a point easy to recognize.Give careful consideration if night – checkpoints will differ at night.1. Mark your CHECKPOINTS for each let of the flight.2. Record the distances on each leg of the flight. True Courses discussed next class.Ground School 2011Created by Steve Reisser
Next Session – Cross CountryPlanning & Navigation Study for exam on use of E6B and PN-1. Read Chapters 9,Section A and 5, Section A.BRING A SECTION CHART, E6B, AND PN-1 TOTHE NEXT CLASS. Also, in the “Jewel” folderfor the “Cross Country-COMM” Section 05, Print2 “NAVLOGPlan.pdf sheets for our exercises inclass.“That’s All Folks”Ground School 2011Created by Steve Reisser
THE FLIGHT COMPUTER AND NAVIGATION PLOTTER COMPUTING SIDE OF E6B Distance, Speed, and Time Enroute Fuel Consumption and Duration Computation of True Airspeed using Temperature and Altitude Determination of Density Altitude True Altitude Calculation & Interpellation techniques for interpreting temp/alt data WIND SIDE OF E6B GOAL: HOW TO USE A MANUAL E6B FOR FLIGHT PLANNING AND
