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Physical Therapy Guidelines for Peroneal Tendon RepairFor the Clinician: The intent of this protocol is to provide the clinician with a guideline of the post-operative rehabilitation for the patients whoundergo a Peroneal Tendon Repair. It is not intended to be a substitute for clinical decision making regarding the progression of a patient’spost-operative course based on their examination/findings, individual progress, and/or the presence of post-operative complications. If aclinician requires assistance in the progression of a post-operative patient, they should consult with the referring surgeon.For the Patient: The timeframes for expected outcomes contained within this guideline may vary from patient to patient based on individualdifferences, surgical techniques, surgeon’s preference, additional procedures performed, and/or complications. Compliance with all therecommendations provided by your physician and physical therapist as well as your active participation in all parts of the rehabilitation process,are essential to optimizing the success of this procedure.Introduction:The peroneal tendons are extensions of the peroneus longus (fibularis longus), peroneus brevis (fibularis brevis),and in some the peroneus tertius, which function primarily to turn the foot outward (evert) and point the footdown (plantar flex). The peroneal tendons run behind the prominent bone on the outside of the ankle. Thesetendons help to control the position of the foot and ankle during walking.Peroneal tendon disorders are a common cause of ankle pain in active patients. Commonly associated with lateralankle sprains, other causes of pain along these tendons can also be due to functional ankle instability, subluxationof the peroneal tendons, insufficiency behind the prominent bone on the outside of the ankle, low lying fibularisbrevis muscle, cavus foot (high arch) posture, and/or tearing along the tendons. As there are many factorsassociated with peroneal tendon disorders, when conservative management fails to improve symptoms, surgeryoften becomes an option which, ideally, is followed by an appropriately tailored rehabilitation program for optimalrecovery and (early) return to sports.Peroneal surgery is followed by both Non-Weight-Bearing (NWB) immobilization and Weight-Bearing (WB)immobilization to facilitate optimal healing while preventing re-injury. Early range of motion (ROM) is commonlyrecommended based on the concept that tendons tend to form adhesions between the repaired tissue andsurrounding scar tissue after surgical repair. In peroneal tendon injuries, timing and progression to full weightbearing depends on both the nature of the pathology as well as the type of treatment (conservative, tendoscopic, oropen—with or without repair of the superior peroneal retinaculum).This was written and developed by the therapists of MGH Physical Therapy Services. The information is the property of Massachusetts General Hospitaland should not be copied or otherwise used without express permission of the Director of MGH Physical & Occupational Therapy Services.

Physical Therapy Guidelines for Peroneal Tendon RepairFigure 1: Anatomy of Peroneal TendonsTreatment:Acute peroneal tendon injuries have been reported to occur up to 95% in patients with lateral ankle sprains.Tendinosis of the peroneal tendons due to a high arch (cavus) foot posture, separate from ankle sprains, is also acommon cause of injury and dysfunction. Due to these injuries, tears frequently occur longitudinally, resulting fromsubluxation or movement along the lateral malleoli, mainly due to repetitive damage or acute trauma. Conservativemanagement focusing on impairment-based treatments may improve function. It should be noted that currenttreatment guidelines are primarily based on expert opinion due to the lack of clinical trials. In the case of tendonsubluxation, surgery is usually recommended as casting and immobilization has not been shown to improvestability of the tendons.Non-operative Treatment:Treatment for peroneal tendinopathy, include but are not limited to, targeting ankle eversion and plantarflexionstrength while maintaining appropriate foot and ankle mobility with concurrent gastroc-soleus stretching, ankleand lower extremity mobilizations and manipulations, and balance/proprioceptive training. It is common practiceto incorporate non-weight bearing and full weight bearing exercise as pain allows, while progressing from stable tounstable surface training. The use of orthotics to improve loading of the peroneal tendons to reduce strain andstress through the tendons may also be helpful. The goal is to reduce excessive peroneal stress while maximizingtotal ankle range of motion, strength, and sensorimotor functionOperative Treatment:Surgical treatment and repair of the peroneal tendons vary based on the nature of the pathology, particularly, thestatus of the superior peroneal retinaculum (SPR). Surgical treatment may include tendoscopic or open - with orwithout repair of the superior peroneal retinaculum. When the SPR is not repaired, rehabilitation initially focuseson early mobilizations and ROM in all planes given the lack of opening of the peroneal tendons proximal to the tipof the fibula. Non-weight bearing immobilization is about 2 weeks and immobilization period no longer than 4weeks is recommended when the SPR remains undisturbed. When the SPR is repaired, immobilization includesnon-weight bearing in a lower leg cast for 2 weeks, followed by 4-6 weeks of progressive weight bearing in awalker boot to ensure that the tendons do not dislocate and the SPR repair can heal.This was written and developed by the therapists of MGH Physical Therapy Services. The information is the property of Massachusetts General Hospitaland should not be copied or otherwise used without express permission of the Director of MGH Physical & Occupational Therapy Services.

Physical Therapy Guidelines for Peroneal Tendon RepairTendoscopic or open repair with or without repair of the superior peroneal retinaculumPhasePre-operativePost-operative:Days 0-2 weeksRestrictions and PrecautionsN/ANWB in lower leg splint for 2 daysfollowed by NWB in lower leg castfor 12 daysPhysical Therapy TreatmentGoals-Instruct with use of assistive devicebased on gait assessment, non-weightbearing (NWB) on affected side-Demonstrate safe ambulationwith assistive device NWB-Edema management-Manage pain and swelling-Gait training and safety (emphasizeprecautions with weight bearing)-Demonstrate safe ambulationwith assistive device NWB-Education/modifications for ADLs-Able to maintain NWB withtransfers and stairs-Able to maintain NWB withtransfers and stairs-Perform activities of daily living(ADLs) in a modifiedindependent manner or withminimal assistance2-4 weeksPrecautions based on SPRrepaired vs. non-repaired, seebelow-Modalities and patient education tocontrol swelling-Electric stimulation can be used toprevent muscle atrophy and for painmanagement (low intensity, highfrequency)-Once incision healed, scarmobilization/massage, modified asnecessary to avoid strain on thehealing SPR-Intrinsic foot strengthening-Manage pain and swelling-Increase range of motion of footand ankle- Demonstrate safe use ofassistive device and begin partialWB-Minimize the loss of strength inthe core, hips, and knees-Independence with homeexercise program to beperformed daily- Strengthening for core, hips, knees(maintain precautions)-NWB fitness/cardiovascular exercises(i.e. bicycle with one leg)-Use Alter-G treadmill, if available, toinitiate walking with partial WBThis was written and developed by the therapists of MGH Physical Therapy Services. The information is the property of Massachusetts General Hospitaland should not be copied or otherwise used without express permission of the Director of MGH Physical & Occupational Therapy Services.

Physical Therapy Guidelines for Peroneal Tendon RepairTendoscopic or open repair with or without repair of the superior peroneal retinaculumPhaseRestrictions and PrecautionsPhysical Therapy TreatmentGoalsrestriction-Begin partial progressive WB in awalker boot or lower leg cast withassistive device if SPR is NOTrepairedIf SPR is NOT repaired:-Begin AROM Exercises and hands-ontechniques (by the PT) for foot andankle range of motion into plantarflexion (PF), dorsiflexion (DF),inversion, eversion in NWB- Begin partial progressive WB in awalker boot or lower leg cast withassistive device (as recommended bythe surgeon)4-8 weeks-If repair of the superiorperoneal retinaculum (SPR) isperformed, immobilizationshould consist of 2 weeks NWB ina lower leg cast, followed by 4-6weeks of progressive partial WBimmobilization in a walker bootwith NO inversion/eversion for6 weeksIf SPR is repaired:-begin AROM as above, avoidinginversion/eversion for 6 weekspost-op-4-6 weeks: Full WB (based onsurgeon recommendation) by 4-6weeks with assistive device asneeded if SPR is NOT repairedIf SPR is NOT repaired:-Begin isometric, concentric andeccentric exercise (may begin use oflight resistance with eversion againsttherapist) with isotonics, andproprioceptive training seated or on 2legs- Begin partial progressive WB in awalker boot or lower leg cast withassistive device (if recommended bythe surgeon)-Gradually progress from partial WB tofull WB (as recommended by thesurgeon), consider walking inswimming pool if available-Increase ROM of ankle and foot-Improve calf strength and footintrinsic strength-Minimize loss of strength incore, hips and knees-Facilitate gradual return to WB-Restore gait with use of assistivedevice as needed-Continue use Alter-G trainer,progressing to full WB-Can begin use of stationary bike-Wean from boot (6-8 weeks/ asrecommended by the surgeon)This was written and developed by the therapists of MGH Physical Therapy Services. The information is the property of Massachusetts General Hospitaland should not be copied or otherwise used without express permission of the Director of MGH Physical & Occupational Therapy Services.