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Introduction and BackgroundOverview of SDR HardwareOverview of SDR SoftwareConclusions and Additional ResourcesIntroduction to Software Defined RadioFabian Kaup (DK2FK)DARC Ortsverband F03, Darmstadt07.10.2016Fabian Kaup (DK2FK)SDR Introduction

Introduction and BackgroundOverview of SDR HardwareOverview of SDR SoftwareConclusions and Additional ResourcesWhat is Software Defined Radio?DefinitionSoftware-defined radio (SDR) is a radio communication systemwhere components that have been typically implemented inhardware (e.g. mixers, filters, amplifiers, modulators/demodulators,detectors, etc.) are instead implemented by means of software on apersonal computer or embedded system.aaSoftware Defined Radio: Architectures, Systems and Functions (MarkusDillinger, Kambiz Madani, Nancy Alonistioti) Page xxxiii (Wiley & Sons, 2003,ISBN 0-470-85164-3)Fabian Kaup (DK2FK)SDR Introduction

Introduction and BackgroundOverview of SDR HardwareOverview of SDR SoftwareConclusions and Additional Resources1Introduction and Background2Overview of SDR Hardware3Overview of SDR Software4Conclusions and Additional ResourcesFabian Kaup (DK2FK)SDR Introduction

Introduction and BackgroundOverview of SDR HardwareOverview of SDR SoftwareConclusions and Additional ResourcesConventional ReceiversSchematicBPFLNAExample: FT 817BPFLO 1LO 2Superheterodyne receiverCompletely analog designHigh complexityHigh accuracy of componentsrequiredFabian Kaup (DK2FK)By wildergeek on picasaweb [CC BY-SA , via WikimediaCommonsSDR Introduction

Introduction and BackgroundOverview of SDR HardwareOverview of SDR SoftwareConclusions and Additional ResourcesSuperheterodyne with DSPSchematicBPFLNABPFLO 1LO 2Example: IC 7600NF-DSPDSP functionality in AFHigh complexityHigh accuracy of componentsrequiredPhoto by Kjell, SM0FOB, oActivity#5342440689000150978Improved NF qualityFabian Kaup (DK2FK)SDR Introduction

Introduction and BackgroundOverview of SDR HardwareOverview of SDR SoftwareConclusions and Additional ResourcesTRX with IF-DSPSchematicBPFLNALO 1BPFLO 2Example: KX3ZF-DSPOnly one mixer/LOReduced number of analogcomponentsIncreased flexibility of filters andprocessingFabian Kaup (DK2FK)Photo by JR1CHU, http://photozou.jp/photo/show/216071/224352880SDR Introduction

Introduction and BackgroundOverview of SDR HardwareOverview of SDR SoftwareConclusions and Additional ResourcesDirect Sampling TRXSchematicBPFLNALO 1BPFLO 2Diect Sampling SDRNo mixer/LO requiredExample: HamlabImage removed due tounclear copyrightHigher bandwidthFilter bank required(due to aliasing)Fabian Kaup (DK2FK)SDR Introduction

Introduction and BackgroundOverview of SDR HardwareOverview of SDR SoftwareConclusions and Additional ResourcesWhy is SDR interesting?Higher bandwidth for digital applications can monitor one, sometimes multiple bandsHigher flexibility can work on different modesFast reconfigurability but antenna may not be resonant. . .Fabian Kaup (DK2FK)SDR Introduction

Introduction and BackgroundOverview of SDR HardwareOverview of SDR SoftwareConclusions and Additional Resources1Introduction and Background2Overview of SDR Hardware3Overview of SDR Software4Conclusions and Additional ResourcesFabian Kaup (DK2FK)SDR Introduction

Introduction and BackgroundOverview of SDR HardwareOverview of SDR SoftwareConclusions and Additional ResourcesRTL-SDRVarious models]Cost: 10 ACFrequency range:50 - 1800 MHzBandwidth: 2.4 MHzResolution: 7-8 bitAnalog filters: noneRX/TX: RX onlyFabian Kaup (DK2FK)DVB-T USB dongle using the RTL 2832Ucontroller and R820T tuner chipSDR Introduction

Introduction and BackgroundOverview of SDR HardwareOverview of SDR SoftwareConclusions and Additional ResourcesMedium-level BoardsHackRF One/rad1oCost: 300 ACFrequency range:50 MHz - 6 GHzBandwidth: 20 MSpsResolution: 8 bitAnalog filters: nonerad1oRX/TX: Half duplexFabian Kaup (DK2FK)SDR Introduction

Introduction and BackgroundOverview of SDR HardwareOverview of SDR SoftwareConclusions and Additional ResourcesHigh-end BoardsUSRP B200/B210Cost: 700 ACFrequency range:50 MHz - 6 GHzBandwidth: 56 MSpsResolution: 12 bitAnalog filters: noneUSRP B200RX/TX: Full duplexFabian Kaup (DK2FK)SDR Introduction

Introduction and BackgroundOverview of SDR HardwareOverview of SDR SoftwareConclusions and Additional ResourcesHigh-end BoardsLimeSDRCost: 260 ACFrequency range:0.1 MHz to 3800 MHzImage removed due to copyrightreasons.LimeSDRBandwidth: 61.44 MHzResolution: 12 bitAnalog filters: noneRX/TX: 2RX/TX, fullduplexImage from https://www.crowdsupply.com/lime- micro/limesdrFabian Kaup (DK2FK)SDR Introduction

Introduction and BackgroundOverview of SDR HardwareOverview of SDR SoftwareConclusions and Additional ResourcesOther BoardsFlexRadio/ApacheLabsfor the ham radio operatorUSRP Networked Seriesfor research and developmentCost: 1000 ACCost: 1500 ACFrequency range:30 kHz - 54 MHzFrequency range:DC - 6 GHzBandwidth: 96 kHz/7 MHzBandwidth: 100 MHzResolution: 16 bitAnalog filters: noneAnalog filters: AvailableRX/TX: Full duplexResolution: 16 bitTX Power: 100 WFabian Kaup (DK2FK)SDR Introduction

Introduction and BackgroundOverview of SDR HardwareOverview of SDR SoftwareConclusions and Additional Resources1Introduction and Background2Overview of SDR Hardware3Overview of SDR Software4Conclusions and Additional ResourcesFabian Kaup (DK2FK)SDR Introduction

Introduction and BackgroundOverview of SDR HardwareOverview of SDR SoftwareConclusions and Additional ResourcesHDSDR/SDR#/GQRXGeneral ”software radios”Similar functionality tohardware radioCommon demodulatorsincludedCan be ”wired” to othertools (e.g. fldigi) usingvirtual audio cables/pipesWindows:HDSDR/SDR#/GqrxGQRXLinux/OSX: GQRXFabian Kaup (DK2FK)SDR Introduction

Introduction and BackgroundOverview of SDR HardwareOverview of SDR SoftwareConclusions and Additional ResourcesgnuradioEnvironment to connectfunctional blocksBlocks written in PythonWell defined interfacesGUI: Gnuradio-companionGUI applications possibleWide variety of functions/blocks availableWorks on real-time data andrecorded samplesGnuradio-companionFabian Kaup (DK2FK)SDR Introduction

Introduction and BackgroundOverview of SDR HardwareOverview of SDR SoftwareConclusions and Additional Resourcesrtl *CLI tools compiled for DVB-Tdongles with RTL chipFM radio: rtl fmRF power: rtl powerTCP server: rtl tcp433 MHz ISM: rtl 433ADSB monitoring:rtl adsb, dump1090Fabian Kaup (DK2FK)Weather monitoring using rtl 433SDR Introduction

Introduction and BackgroundOverview of SDR HardwareOverview of SDR SoftwareConclusions and Additional Resourcesinspectrum”tool for analysing capturedsignals, [. . . ] from softwaredefined radio receivers.” 1)Works on recorded dataTime and frequency domainanalysisTools to simplify sampleidentificationSampling of dataScreenshot of inspectrumExport of sampled data1)https://github.com/miek/inspectrumFabian Kaup (DK2FK)SDR Introduction

Introduction and BackgroundOverview of SDR HardwareOverview of SDR SoftwareConclusions and Additional Resources1Introduction and Background2Overview of SDR Hardware3Overview of SDR Software4Conclusions and Additional ResourcesFabian Kaup (DK2FK)SDR Introduction

Introduction and BackgroundOverview of SDR HardwareOverview of SDR SoftwareConclusions and Additional ResourcesConclusionsLots of projects under heavy developmentHardware about to get affordableCombination of hardware and software engineeringUnprecedented flexibilityFabian Kaup (DK2FK)SDR Introduction

Introduction and BackgroundOverview of SDR HardwareOverview of SDR SoftwareConclusions and Additional ResourcesAdditional ResourcesTutorial:SDR tutorial: https://greatscottgadgets.com/sdr/Recordings from the Software-defined Radio kjeeLmIkCB8pgQHardware:RTL-SDR: http://rtlsdr.org/rad1o: http://rad1o.de/HackRF One: https://greatscottgadgets.com/hackrf/USRP B200/B210: ects:RTL-SDR: http://www.rtl-sdr.com/Gnuradio: http://gnuradio.org/Inspectrum: https://github.com/miek/inspectrum. . . and many moreFabian Kaup (DK2FK)SDR Introduction

Introduction and BackgroundOverview of SDR HardwareOverview of SDR SoftwareConclusions and Additional ResourcesLicenseThis work is licensed under the Creative CommonsAttribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy ofthis license, / or senda letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA94042, USA.Fabian Kaup (DK2FK)SDR Introduction

Software-de ned radio (SDR) is a radio communication system where components that have been typically implemented in hardware (e.g. mixers, lters, ampli ers, modulators/demodulators, detectors, etc.) are instead implemented by means of software on a personal computer or embedded system.a aSoftware De n