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Wireless Networking Complete01 P375077 Prelims.indd i7/15/2009 10:32:57 AM

The Morgan Kaufmann Series inNetworkingSeries Editor, David Clark, M.I.T.Wireless Networking CompletePei Zheng, Feng Zhao, David Tipper, Jinmei Tatuya, Keiichi Shima, Yi Qian, Larry Peterson,Lionel Ni, D. Manjunath, Qing Li, Joy Kuri, Anurag Kumar, Prashant Krishnamurthy,Leonidas Guibas, Vijay Garg, Adrian Farrel, and Bruce DavieP2P Networking and ApplicationsJohn Buford, Heather Yu, and Eng LuaThe Illustrated NetworkWalter GoralskiBroadband Cable Access Networks: The HFC PlantDavid Large and James FarmerTechnical, Commercial and Regulatory Challenges of QoS: An Internet Service ModelPerspectiveXiPeng XiaoMPLS: Next StepsBruce S. Davie and Adrian FarrelWireless NetworkingAnurag Kumar, D. Manjunath, and Joy KuriInternet Multimedia Communications Using SIPRogelio Martinez PereaInformation Assurance: Dependability and Security in Networked SystemsYi Qian, James Joshi, David Tipper, and Prashant KrishnamurthyNetwork Analysis, Architecture, and Design, 3eJames D. McCabeWireless Communications & Networking: An IntroductionVijay K. GargIPv6 Advanced Protocols ImplementationQing Li, Tatuya Jinmei, and Keiichi ShimaComputer Networks: A Systems Approach, 4eLarry L. Peterson and Bruce S. Davie01 P375077 Prelims.indd ii7/15/2009 10:32:57 AM

Network Routing: Algorithms, Protocols, and ArchitecturesDeepankar Medhi and Karthikeyan RamaswamiDeploying IP and MPLS QoS for Multiservice Networks: Theory and PracticeJohn Evans and Clarence FilsfilsTraffic Engineering and QoS Optimization of Integrated Voice & Data NetworksGerald R. AshIPv6 Core Protocols ImplementationQing Li, Tatuya Jinmei, and Keiichi ShimaSmart Phone and Next-Generation Mobile ComputingPei Zheng and Lionel NiGMPLS: Architecture and ApplicationsAdrian Farrel and Igor BryskinContent Networking: Architecture, Protocols, and PracticeMarkus Hofmann and Leland R. BeaumontNetwork Algorithmics: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Designing Fast NetworkedDevicesGeorge VargheseNetwork Recovery: Protection and Restoration of Optical, SONET-SDH, IP, and MPLSJean Philippe Vasseur, Mario Pickavet, and Piet DemeesterRouting, Flow, and Capacity Design in Communication and Computer NetworksMichał Pióro and Deepankar MedhiWireless Sensor Networks: An Information Processing ApproachFeng Zhao and Leonidas GuibasCommunication Networking: An Analytical ApproachAnurag Kumar, D. Manjunath, and Joy KuriThe Internet and Its Protocols: A Comparative ApproachAdrian FarrelModern Cable Television Technology: Video, Voice, and Data Communications, 2eWalter Ciciora, James Farmer, David Large, and Michael AdamsPolicy-Based Network Management: Solutions for the Next GenerationJohn Strassner01 P375077 Prelims.indd iii7/15/2009 10:32:57 AM

MPLS Network Management: MIBs, Tools, and TechniquesThomas D. NadeauDeveloping IP-Based Services: Solutions for Service Providers and VendorsMonique Morrow and Kateel VijayanandaTelecommunications Law in the Internet AgeSharon K. BlackOptical Networks: A Practical Perspective, 2eRajiv Ramaswami and Kumar N. SivarajanInternet QoS: Architectures and MechanismsZheng WangTCP/IP Sockets in Java: Practical Guide for ProgrammersMichael J. Donahoo and Kenneth L. CalvertTCP/IP Sockets in C: Practical Guide for ProgrammersKenneth L. Calvert and Michael J. DonahooMulticast Communication: Protocols, Programming, and ApplicationsRalph Wittmann and Martina ZitterbartHigh-Performance Communication Networks, 2eJean Walrand and Pravin VaraiyaInternetworking MultimediaJon Crowcroft, Mark Handley, and Ian WakemanUnderstanding Networked Applications: A First CourseDavid G. MesserschmittIntegrated Management of Networked Systems: Concepts, Architectures, and TheirOperational ApplicationHeinz-Gerd Hegering, Sebastian Abeck, and Bernhard NeumairVirtual Private Networks: Making the Right ConnectionDennis FowlerUnderstanding Networked ApplicationsDavid G. MesserschmittWide Area Network Design: Concepts and Tools for OptimizationRobert S. CahnFor further information on these books and for a list of forthcoming titles,please visit our Web site at http://www.mkp.com.01 P375077 Prelims.indd iv7/15/2009 10:32:57 AM

Wireless Networking CompletePei ZhengFeng ZhaoDavid TipperJinmei TatuyaKeiichi ShimaYi QianLarry L. PetersonLionel M. NiD. ManjunathQing LiJoy KuriAnurag KumarPrashant KrishnamurthyLeonidas GuibasVijay K. GargAdrian FarrelBruce S. DavieAMSTERDAM BOSTON HEIDELBERG LONDONNEW YORK OXFORD PARIS SAN DIEGOSAN FRANCISCO SINGAPORE SYDNEY TOKYOMorgan Kaufmann Publishers is an imprint of Elsevier01 P375077 Prelims.indd v7/15/2009 10:32:57 AM

Morgan Kaufmann Publishers is an imprint of Elsevier30 Corporate Drive, Suite 400, Burlington, MA 01803, USA Copyright 2004, 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2010 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Exception: Chapter 10 is 2004 by Adrian Farrel. All rights reserved.Material in the work originally appeared in Smart Phone & Next Generation Mobile Computing by Pei Zhengand Lionel Ni (Elsevier Inc. 2006), Computer Networks, Fourth Edition, by Larry Peterson and Bruce Davie(Elsevier Inc. 2007), Wireless Communication & Networking, by Vijay Garg (Elsevier Inc. 2007), WirelessNetworks, by Anurag Kumar, D. Manjunath, Joy Kuri (Elsevier Inc. 2008), Wireless Sensor Networks, by FengZhao and Leonidas Guibas (Elsevier Inc. 2004), The Internet and Its Protocols, by Adrian Farrel (Farrel 2004),IPv6 Advanced Protocols, by Qing Li, Keiichi Shima, and Jinmei Tatuya (Elsevier Inc. 2007), and InformationAssurance, edited by Yi Qian, David Tipper, James Joshi and Prashant Krishnamurthy (Elsevier Inc. 2008).Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks or registeredtrademarks. In all instances in which Morgan Kaufmann Publishers is aware of a claim, the product namesappear in initial capital or all capital letters. All trademarks that appear or are otherwise referred to in thiswork belong to their respective owners. Neither Morgan Kaufmann Publishers nor the authors and othercontributors of this work have any relationship or affiliation with such trademark owners nor do suchtrademark owners confirm, endorse or approve the contents of this work. Readers, however, should contactthe appropriate companies for more information regarding trademarks and any related registrations.No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any formor by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopying, scanning, or otherwise—without prior writtenpermission of the publisher.Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science & Technology Rights Department in Oxford,UK: phone: (144) 1865 843830, fax: (144) 1865 853333, E-mail: permissions@elsevier.com. You may alsocomplete your request online via the Elsevier homepage (http://www.elsevier.com), by selecting “Support &Contact” then “Copyright and Permission” and then “Obtaining Permissions.”Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataA catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication DataA catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.ISBN: 978-0-12-375077-8For information on all Morgan Kaufmann publications,visit our Web site at www.mkp.com or www.elsevierdirect.comPrinted in the United States of America09 10 11 12 13 5 4 3 2 102 P375077 ITR.indd vi7/14/2009 7:15:13 AM

ContentsAbout This Book .xvAbout the Authors .xviiChapter 1 Supporting Wireless Technologies .11.1 The Frequency Spectrum .11.1.1 Public Media Broadcasting .41.1.2 Cellular Communication .41.1.3 Wireless Data Communication .51.1.4 Other Fixed or Mobile Wireless Communications .61.2 Wireless Communication Primer .61.2.1 Signal Propagation .61.2.2 Modulation .91.2.3 Multiplexing .111.3 Spread Spectrum .121.3.1 Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum .131.3.2 Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum .131.3.3 Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing.141.4 Global System for Mobile and General Packet Radio Service .151.4.1 Global System for Mobile.151.4.2 General Packet Radio Service .201.5 Code-Division Multiple Access .241.5.1 Code-Division Multiple Access Concept.241.5.2 IS-95.251.5.3 Software Handoff .261.5.4 Road to 4G .271.6 GSM Versus CDMA.281.7 3G Cellular Systems .291.7.1 UMTS/WCDMA Versus cdma2000 .301.7.2 UMTS/WCDMA.301.7.3 cdma2000 .311.7.4 4G Cellular Systems .331.8 2G Mobile Wireless Services .341.8.1 WAP and iMode .341.8.2 Short Message Service .35vii03 P375077 Prelims1.indd vii7/14/2009 11:04:58 AM

viiiContents1.9 Wireless Technologies Landscape .361.10 802.11 Wireless LANs.371.10.1 Architecture and Protocols .381.10.2 Frame Format .411.10.3 Beacon Frame .431.10.4 Roaming in a Wireless LAN .431.10.5 IEEE 802.11 Family.451.10.6 Security in Wireless LANs .471.11 Bluetooth .471.11.1 Architecture and Protocols .471.11.2 Bluetooth Overview .471.11.3 Bluetooth Architecture .481.11.4 Radio and Baseband.491.11.5 L2CAP and Frame Format .511.11.6 RFCOMM .521.11.7 SDP .521.11.8 Bluetooth Evolution .531.12 Ultra-Wideband .531.12.1 UWB Standards .551.12.2 UWB Applications .551.13 Radio-Frequency Identification .561.13.1 RFID System.561.13.2 RFID Applications .581.14 Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks .601.14.1 Wireless Broadband: IEEE 802.16 .611.14.2 WiMax .621.15 Satellite .641.15.1 Satellite Communication.641.15.2 Satellite Systems .641.16 Wireless Sensor Networks .651.16.1 WSN Applications .661.16.2 Wireless Sensor Node .671.16.3 Self-Organized Networks .681.16.4 ZigBee .691.17 Standardization in the Wireless World .701.17.1 Cellular Standard Groups.711.17.2 IEEE Standards .711.17.3 Standards War .731.18 Summary.73Further Reading . 74Chapter 2 Wireless Networks .772.1 Bluetooth (802.15.1) .792.2 Wi-Fi (802.11) .812.2.1 Physical Properties .812.2.2 Collision Avoidance .8203 P375077 Prelims1.indd viii7/14/2009 11:04:58 AM

Contents ix2.2.3 Distribution System . 832.2.4 Frame Format . 852.3 WiMAX (802.16) .862.4 Cell Phone Technologies .87Further Reading .90Chapter 3 An Overview of Wireless Systems .933.1 Introduction .933.2 First- and Second-Generation Cellular Systems .943.3 Cellular Communications from 1G to 3G .973.4 Road Map for Higher Data Rate Capability in 3G .1003.5 Wireless 4G Systems .1033.6 Future Wireless Networks .1063.7 Standardization Activities for Cellular Systems .1073.8 Summary.109Problems .109References . 109Chapter 4 Wireless Application Protocol .1114.1 Introduction .1114.2 WAP and the World Wide Web (WWW).1114.3 Introduction to Wireless Application Protocol .1124.4 The WAP Programming Model .1134.4.1 The WWW Model.1144.4.2 The WAP Model .1144.5 WAP Architecture .1164.5.1 Wireless Application Environment .1174.5.2 Wireless Telephony Application .1184.5.3 Wireless Session Protocol .1194.5.4 Wireless Transaction Protocol .1204.5.5 Wireless Transport Layer Security.1214.5.6 Wireless Datagram Protocol .1214.5.7 Optimal WAP Bearers .1224.6 Traditional WAP Networking Environment .1234.7 WAP Advantages and Disadvantages .1244.8 Applications of WAP .1264.9 imode .1274.10 imode Versus WAP .1284.11 Summary.129Problems .129References . 130Chapter 5 Wireless Local Area Networks.1315.1 Introduction .1315.2 WLAN Equipment.1345.3 WLAN Topologies.1355.4 WLAN Technologies .13603 P375077 Prelims1.indd ix7/14/2009 11:04:58 AM