WIXLIB

14chart typesBar / columnStackedNo one’s a winnerThe Fed says no to nuptialsMobile operators’ US market shareJuly 2011, %0AT&TSprint NextelT-MobileVerizonPodemos69PSOE9030.4Overall Monthly revenue 79.8mOil & gasPP 123All mobilesGlobal internet-advertising spending, bnIslamic State’s finances*, January 2015, m350176 required for majorityOtherGetting sociableLooting the LevantSpanish general election 2015, Seats os 4010.0 31.411.1 16.8ERC 9DiL 8EAJ-PNV 6Others 5Smartphones44.19.630.512.9Paid searchDisplayClassifiedOnline videoFORECAST150Deir al-Zor governorate Monthly revenue 8.7m0246810010Sources: Ministry of the Interior; El País8.050Monthly spending 5.8mSource: comScoreFor stacked bars with few categories or labelling issues, considerremoving tick marks and labelling each segment iaIslamic policeSocial servicesSources: IHS0200810121416 17Source: ZenithOptimedia*EstimatesMore in than outUnited States, merchandise-trade deficit% of GDPChinaRest of world0-1-2COLOUR ORDER12345-36COLOUROVERIDES-4How do you feel about Donald Trump asthe 2016 Republican nominee for president?*Intra-European* migrants living elsewhere2014, % of total by destination alyBritainSource: European Commission-5Trump’s troopsMovers and shakers*Including EFTAYou may need to swap in othercolours for charts with more than4 categoriesUse grey for ‘other’ /‘dont know’ etcEnthusiasticDissatisfiedNot sureSatisfiedUpset0White menno collegeWhite womenno collegeWhite mencollege educatedNon-white mencollege educatedWhite womencollege educatedNon-white menno collegeNon-white womencollege educatedNon-white womenno collegeSources: YouGov;CCES; The Economist% of total voters201220 40 60 80 100222416317647*5,773 registered voters surveyedJune 4th to July 9th 2016If categories form meaningful groups,use colour to reinforce that-6199095200005Sources: US Census Bureau;US Bureau of Economic Analysis1016**January-September

15chart typesLinesSide-by-sidePenumbralTransports of delightWhere Tokyo leadsUS shadow housing inventory*Units, m2.0Period beginningJanuary 1989 ( Japan)Coming down everywhereLondon’s population and journeysTen-year government-bond yields, %Suicides per 100,000 population2001 100January 1999 (US)1.58Bus0200607Source: CoreLogic08091011*Foreclosed and delinquenthomes not yet on the market140Tube40.52510120PopulationCar01132001 03Years since startSource: Thomson es: Transport for London; ONS; The Economist30Russia20JapanSouth KoreaUS100Britain8015196070408010090200013Sources: ONS; EurostatStandard colour order1 line2 lines3 lines4 linesCOLOUR ORDER123456HIGH CONTRASTALTERNATIVESExodusChristians, as % of ESaudiArabia01910702010 25*Available yearsSource: “Ongoing Exodus: Tracking theEmigration of Christians from the MiddleEast” by T. Johnson and G. Zurlo, 2015*Forecast5 lines6 lines

16chart typesLinesStackedForeign hoardsThe big shiftDeveloping-country currency reserves trn6Otherdevelopingcountries42Tax havens’ share of US overseascorporate profits, %NetherlandsBermuda & other 4030China20020020406081010* 11*Source: IMF*Forecast01982909520000510 13Source: “The Hidden Wealth of Nations”,by Gabriel Zucman, University of Chicago Press, 2015COLOUR OVERIDESCOLOUR ORDER12345612345In limboEmerging middle classHouseholds in temporary homesEngland, ’000Private rentalLA/HA*Working population by economic class, emerging and developing countries*, 2011 at PPP†, bn3.0Private leased by LA/HA*HostelBed & breakfastDeveloped middleclass and above over 131008060 5.01 to 13 3.11 to 502002 04Source: DCLG060810121.5Near poor2019982.0Developing middle class40Alternative colour scheme for usewhere categories are chronologicalor where primary colour schemedoesn’t work2.51.0Moderately poor 1.90 to 3.1015*Local authoritiesand housing associations0.5Extremely poorless than 1.9001991Source: ILO952000051015‡ 16‡*Excluding most Western developed countries †Purchasing-power parity ‡Estimate

17chart typesThermometerchartsStandard colour order3 lines2 linesThe horrible scienceUse of specific “adjective” per million wordsin student reviews on RateMyProfessors.com*onetwoCOLOUR ORDER12345100200300400two“Horrible”0The horrible scienceUse of specific “adjective” per million wordsin student reviews on RateMyProfessors.com*onethree1002003004006 linestwothreefour0100“Horrible”The horrible scienceUse of specific “adjective” per million wordsin student reviews on RateMyProfessors.com*one200300400twothreefourfive er istoryCommunicationMathematicsEconomicsComputer istoryCommunicationMathematicsEconomicsComputer istoryCommunicationMathematicsEconomicsComputer istoryCommunicationSource: Ben Schmidt, Northeastern UniversitySource: Ben Schmidt, Northeastern UniversitySource: Ben Schmidt, Northeastern UniversitySource: Ben Schmidt, Northeastern Universitydot terminals6The horrible scienceUse of specific “adjective” per million wordsin student reviews on RateMyProfessors.com*one0“Horrible”4 linesThe horrible scienceUse of specific “adjective” per million wordsin student reviews on 200300MathematicsEconomicsComputer istoryCommunicationSource: Ben Schmidt, Northeastern UniversityUse as alternative whenlines are unclear400300400Ilex will plot up to 6 colours butany more than 4 categories isprobably too many and youshould have a rethink

chart types4 categoriesThe best disinfectantStandard dot4px width50% opacityuse where general trendis more important thanindividual pointhighlight dot4px width100% opacityuse to label outliers /important data points2345House 024EmploymentSources: Freddie Mac;US Bureau of Labour Statistics68trend lines1px strokedashed 3px, 1px20Vitality and the voteUnited States, health metrics against swing to Donald TrumpBy countyChange in Republican marginover Democrats, 2012-16, % giblepopulation20406080100Corruption-perceptions index score, 2014100 least corrupt0Sources: Transparency International;Open Knowledge Foundation-5*At least100,000 populationSame weight/colourfor x and y ticksuse black for zerobaseline only-25-5020WORSE HEALTH304050Index of county health metrics*Sources: Atlas of US Presidential Elections; Census Bureau;IPUMS, University of Minnesota; Institute for Health Metricsand Evaluation; The Economist60BETTER HEALTH70*Weighted index of obesity, diabetes,heavy drinking, physical exercise andlife expectancy, 2010-12Where colour categories become difficult to distinguish,consider highlighting the most significant part of the storyConnected scatter64005Category dot0.3px stroke50% opacity filluse for bubble chartsto differential coloursCOLOUR ORDER1Q1 1990 - Q1 2007Q1 2012 - Q1 2016Open-dataindex score, latest100 most open100Britain Denmark80US60Corruption and open dataUnited States, housing and employmentMetro areas*, average annual change, %MORE REPUBLICANDivergentLESS REPUBLICANScatter plotStandard scatterBubble chartRight nationHealth spending and life expectancy at birthOECD countries2013*2003Life expectancy,years84FranceJapan2013 average 80.578BritainBy county82GermanyChileVitality and the voteUnited States, health metrics against swing to Donald TrumpUnited States76Change in Republican margin overDemocrats, 2012-16, % points50Jefferson, OHMORE REPUBLICANChart elementssub title should summarisechart, save specific unitsfor axis labelsVotingeligiblepopulationKnox, OH25Midwest74Turkey2013average 3,4530Source: OECD07212347056Health expenditures per personat purchasing-power parity, current prices, ’000To avoid obscuring the connecting linesand labels, axis lines can be broken789*Or latestLESS REPUBLICAN18-25-5020WORSE HEALTH304050Index of county health metrics*Sources: Atlas of US Presidential Elections; Census Bureau;IPUMS, University of Minnesota; Institute for Health Metricsand Evaluation; The Economist60BETTER HEALTH70*Weighted index of obesity, diabetes,heavy drinking, physical exercise andlife expectancy, 2010-12On larger / complicated scatters, use explanatorylabels to make the correlation clear

19chart typesTablesChart elementsStandard tableWith colour highlightDivided by a dozenGreatest hitsheadline econ sans cnd medium 7.5/9body econ sans cnd light 7.5/9paragraph space 4ptCompanydetail text 75kAirbnbRents out placesto stay for local hosts0.5px 100k0.3px 50kPolicy choices in our political proximity modelLargest Y Combinator-funded startupsValue* bnDate ofjoining 25.52009DropboxFile-sharing andstorage in the cloud 10.0StripeSoftware for sellingfrom within apps 5.0ZenefitsOnline HR andpayroll services 4.5InstacartGrocery collectionand delivery service 2.02012DockerPlatform to managedistribution of software 1.12010Sources: CB Insights;CrunchBase20102013New stimulus measuresSocialBusiness tax cutsWhich comes closest to your position on abortion?Infrastructure spending, stateand local government aidWould you support/oppose a constitutionalamendment allowing states to ban gay marriage?2007Obama’s jobs bill bn70140Unemployment insurance and training62Should gun-control laws be more or less strictthan they are now?Payroll-tax cutEconomicPaid for byDo you support/oppose raising the federalminimum wage to 15 per hour?Limiting deductions forupper-income earnersWhat should be done to reduce the federalbudget deficit?Treating carried interest as ordinary income18Limiting oil and gas company tax benefits40Do you support/oppose a single-payerhealth-care system?Removing corporate-jet tax breaksTotal447405Total*Should our taxes provide free college tuition?Source: White HouseForeign policy1753467*Figures may not sumdue to roundingDo you think the US government should be doingmore or less in its fight against terrorism?Do you support/oppose sending ground combattroops to fight IS in Iraq and Syria?*Latest funding roundDo you favour/oppose building a wall along theborder between the United States and Mexico?Use 75k textto differentiateexplanatory textWould you say NAFTA has had a positive/negativeeffect on the US economy?Is the government doing enough to combatclimate change?Use alternating row coloursto help with reading3pt internal paddingWhich comes closest to your position on abortion?Table with integrated chartsWhat to expectAsylum processes, selected countries, 2014Accepted Minimum wait before%permitted to workApplications*Country Decisions madeMainly from%Germany 173,070Syria 23Serbia / Kosovo 14Eritrea 842Syria 40Stateless 10Eritrea 877Serbia / Kosovo 51Afghanistan 21Syria 169Eritrea 13Pakistan 11Syria 839Mexico 12China 11El Salvador 830†China 19‡India 13‡Pakistan 10‡19†97,415Sweden75,09040,015Hungary 1,765†Australia 8,96013,198†Sources: UNHCR; government statistics;The EconomistState benefitsper month3 months 374ImmediatelyWithout restrictions 2269 months 86MaximumWorking only in areception centre12 months 217Only jobs where gov’t sees ashortage (medics, engineers)6 monthsNilIn practice, 92% ofapplicants wait longerMost applicants cannotwork as they are in detention 275*From UNHCR 2014 report†From UNHCR Statistical Database ‡2012-13 figuresWhere table data will benefitfrom visualising , use smalllabelled bar charts etc.Use colour highlightwith inverted text topull out key details

20chart typesStandard colour orderPie / doughnut123456COLOUR ORDER123456The scramble in AfricaNaan biggerTata’s workforce in Britain, September 2011’000Jaguar LandRover 19.0Tata Steel19.4OtherOthers0.6Taj (hotels)0.4Tata Chemicals 0.5Source: TataTotal45.4Goods trade with Africa, 2013, bnForeign direct investment in Africa, 2012, bnChina* 156.4Rest of world453.8United States 72.1Rest of world38.1Britain7.5United States3.7France 61.6TataConsultancyServices 4.9TGB (drinks) 0.7Total 1.02trnBrazil25.3Japan 25.3Sources: UNCTAD; IMFIndia 57.0Spain 48.1Italy 40.9Germany 40.4Britain 34.4Total 59.3bnItaly3.6China2.5France2.1India1.8*Including Macau and Hong KongWhere linking lines get too crowded,key the labels with small colour blockNOTE: Use with caution.Should probably be abandonedin favour of stacked barif over 4 categories

21chart stylingDouble-scalecharts3 lines on left-hand axis1 line on each axisOut of steamGolden triangleBritain, railwaysNational rail track’000 kmAXIS 112text5040403030202010100019557080902000Total trilateral trade trn1.25Mexico1.00Canada600.75400.50United States200.250019942000051014Venezuela, % change on a year earlierConsumer prices, 00-2015-8002004 06Sources: Thomson Reuters; IMFSource: Department for Transport081012Sources: IMF; Reuters1416**Preliminary estimateAlways choose the axiscolour order that willvisually associate thelabels best with thecorresponding lineDouble scales can be good at showing correlations and are economical with space.But they can also be confusing/misleading.Here are some things to avoid when considering a double scaleAvoid breaking thescales without goodreasonQuantifying QEAXIS 212806050COLOUR ORDER10070Privatisation begins60Chavismo in actionNAFTA countries’ exportsto each other, % of totalPassenger kilometresbn70Use Econ Sans CndRegular, instead oflight, for colouredy-axis labelsline and columnEuro against thedollar, per What lies beneathTen-year governmentbond yields, 2015Source: Thomson Reuters2002 04060810Avoid mixing disparatemeasures to force visualcorrelationThe Zuma yearsBig oil companies’ enterprisefree cash flow, bn1202Euro area2014If you are plotting aboveand below a zero linemake the zero lines alignOil priceBrent, per barrel1801214Source: BCG16South AfricaRand per , inverted scale6SACCI BusinessConfidence Index,2015 100120911012100159018802008 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16Sources: Thomson Reuters; SACCIBroken scale distorts datamisaligned baselinesIndex value inverted scaleIf you cannot conform to the above rules try splitting the chart into panels or indexing the variables

22chart stylingBlob headsBubbleNumber blockWhere bubbles are large enoughfit numbers insideTo avoid awkward alignment, ifmost numbers won’t fit, put themoutside bubble and align text rightThe Big Mac indexJanuary 2016January 20176.4Norway5.8Sweden5.3Brazil5.1United States†5.1Euro area‡4.1Britain3.8Japan3.3Fillc22.5 k15100% multiply-10 -50510 15 bnDomesticForeignOctober 44NamibiaSouth apan62Spain18United India**2.5Source: GBTAMexico2.3Russia2.2BRVM*Source: World Federationof Exchanges2.3Market cap, bn11.6*West Africanregional exchange*At market exchange rates( Jan 11th 2017) †Average of four cities‡Weighted average of member countries§Average of five cities **Maharaja MacArrow placementEcon Sans Cnd reg 7.5/9.5ptBox: c22.5 k15 100% multiply2 line% change on a year earlierTurkeyText blocks1 lineCan be usedwith column orthermometer charts20 40SwitzerlandSources:McDonald’s;The EconomistA secondary datavariable added asarea-sized bubblesor number boxesNumber of companieslisted on stock exchangesBusiness travel spending, 2014Big Mac price*, -80 -60 -40 -20 0Starting smallUp in the airLocal currency under (-) / over ( ) valuationagainst the dollar, %If number range or positive / negativevalues rule out bubbles, revert toequal-sized number blocksECB announces QEECB announcesQE beginningECB announces QE12pt height / 6pt horizontal padding23pt height / 6pt horizontal paddingnumbersEcon Sans Cnd reg 7pt6.4Horizontally or vertically centredECB announces QEECB announces QEMinimum 6pt in from box edgeif necessary

23chart stylingWhere colour is being usedto categorise data, use greyfor timeline labelsTimelinesNon-data timelinesThe PhilippinesSelected eventsFerdinandMarcoselected1965Marcos oustedBenigno Aquino Jr.assassinated onreturn from US exile75New constitution“PeoplePower”revolutionMarcos imposesmartial law7080Duterte firstelected mayorof Davao85Marcos90CorazonAquinoCoup attemptsPRESIDENTSData timeline95RamosWife of Benigno JrRe-electedAsianfinancialcrisisstartsJoseph Estrada resignsduring impeachmentproceedingsCorazon AquinodiesEstradaMs Arroyoconvicted ofarrestedcorruption20000510US/EU oil sanctionsOil production, m bpd64Iranian revolution.Shah overthrownIran signsNon-proliferationTreatyIran/Iraq warObama offers to “extend a hand” to IranSon of Corazon& Benigno JrUSS Vincennes shootsdown Iranian civil airliner0Duterte President Elect1965707580859095200For timelines tied to adataset, break the y-axislines to avoid chart areabecoming too crowdedIS takesMosul 100USinvadesIraq02000051015Supreme leadersRuhollah Khomeini Ali KhameneiReza Shah PahlaviUse thin alternating-colour bars to mark out timeperiods. Key repeated events, like coup attempts,to avoid duplicating text labels300US invades Afghanistan1516BenignoAquino IIIGDP, bn2005 pricesIran branded partof “axis of evil”2Estrada GloriaMacapagalArroyoSource: The EconomistMore than an oil giantIran* † KhameneiSources: World Bank;Thomson ni*Banisadr †Ali RajaiI wanna be adoredPresidential electionParliamentary electionApproval rating of Vladimir Putin and the Russian government, % polledPutin is:PMCausation of a caliphateCivilian death toll, ‘000:IraqAmerican-led invasion of Iraq.Saddam Hussein toppled.Assad accused of helpingforeign fighters enter IraqEgypt bombs IS affiliate in LibyaSyriaZarqawi killed inAmerican bombingHaider al-Abadi replaces Maliki. American-led coalitionstarts bombing IS in Iraq, and later in Syria“Great recession”Financi

FREE EXCHANGE 245pts 1 COLUMN 245pts 2 COLUMN 332pts / 595px 160pts / 290px 332pts / 595px 2 1/2 COLUMN 3 COLUMN 504pts print width (pts) web equivalent (px) . Sources: International Olympic Committee; Sports Reference; The Economist *Unified team of ex-Soviet republics Number of “meda