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Orthographic Projections - Basics1.Drawing – The fact about2.Drawings - Types3.Orthographic (Definitions and Important terms)4.Planes - Classifications5.Pattern of planes & views6.Methods of orthographic projections7.1st angle and 3rd angle method – two illustrations

Conversion of pictorial views in to orthographic views.1.Explanation of various terms2.1st angle method - illustration3.3rd angle method – illustration4.To recognize colored surfaces and to draw three Views5.Seven illustrations (no.1 to 7) draw different orthographic views6.Total nineteen illustrations ( no.8 to 26)

DRAWINGS:( A Graphical Representation)The Fact about:If compared with Verbal or Written Description,Drawings offer far better idea about the Shape, Size & Appearance ofany object or situation or location, that too in quite a less time.Hence it has become the Best Media of Communicationnot only in Engineering but in almost all Fields.

Drawings(Some Types)Botanical Drawings( plants, flowers etc.)Nature Drawings( landscape,Geographicalscenery etc.)Drawings( maps etc.)Building Related Drawings.Orthographic Projections(Fv,Tv & Sv.-Mech.Engg terms)(Plan, Elevation- Civil Engg.terms)(Working Drawings 2-D type)Portraits( human faces,expressions etc.)Zoological Drawings(creatures, animals etc.)Engineering Drawings,(projections.)Machine component DrawingsIsometric ( Mech.Engg.Term.)or Perspective(Civil Engg.Term)(Actual Object Drawing 3-D)

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS:IT IS A TECHNICAL DRAWING IN WHICH DIFFERENT VIEWS OF AN OBJECTARE PROJECTED ON DIFFERENT REFERENCE PLANESOBSERVING PERPENDICULAR TO RESPECTIVE REFERENCE PLANEDifferent Reference planes areHorizontal Plane (HP),Vertical Frontal Plane ( VP )Side Or Profile Plane ( PP)AndDifferent Views are Front View (FV), Top View (TV) and Side View (SV)FV is a view projected on VP.TV is a view projected on HP.SV is a view projected on PP.IMPORTANT TERMS OF ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS:1 Planes.2 Pattern of planes & Pattern of views3 Methods of drawing Orthographic Projections

PLANES1PRINCIPAL PLANESHP AND VPAUXILIARY PLANESAuxiliary Vertical Plane(A.V.P.)Auxiliary Inclined Plane(A.I.P.) A.V.P. to Hp & to Vp Profile Plane( P.P.)

2PATTERN OF PLANES & VIEWS (First Angle Method)THIS IS A PICTORIAL SET-UP OF ALL THREE PLANES.ARROW DIRECTION IS A NORMAL WAY OF OBSERVING THE OBJECT.BUT IN THIS DIRECTION ONLY VP AND A VIEW ON IT (FV) CAN BE SEEN.THE OTHER PLANES AND VIEWS ON THOSE CAN NOT BE SEEN.PROCEDURE TO SOLVE ABOVE PROBLEM:TO MAKE THOSE PLANES ALSO VISIBLE FROM THE ARROW DIRECTION,A) HP IS ROTATED 900 DOUNWARDB) PP, 900 IN RIGHT SIDE DIRECTION.THIS WAY BOTH PLANES ARE BROUGHT IN THE SAME PLANE CONTAINING VP.Click to view AnimationOn clicking the button if a warning comes please click YES to continue, this program issafe for your pc.PPVPYFVLSVYXXTVHP900HP IS ROTATED DOWNWARDANDBROUGHT IN THE PLANE OF VP.900PP IS ROTATED IN RIGHT SIDEANDBROUGHT IN THE PLANE OF VP.ACTUAL PATTERN OF PLANES & VIEWSOF ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONSDRAWN INFIRST ANGLE METHOD OF PROJECTIONS

3Methods of Drawing Orthographic ProjectionsFirst Angle Projections MethodHere views are drawnby placing objectThird Angle Projections MethodHere views are drawnby placing objectin 1st Quadrantin 3rd Quadrant.( Fv above X-y, Tv below X-y )(SYMBOLICPRESENTATIONOF BOTH METHODSWITH AN OBJECTSTANDING ON HP ( GROUND)ON IT’S BASE.FVXYTv above X-y, Fv below X-y )TVNOTE:-X1stTVHP term is used inAngle method&For the sameGround term is usedin 3rd Angle method of projectionsYFVGL

FIRST ANGLEPROJECTIONFOR T.V.IN THIS METHOD,THE OBJECT IS ASSUMED TO BESITUATED IN FIRST QUADRANTMEANSABOVE HP & INFRONT OF VP.OBJECT IS INBETWEENOBSERVER & PLANE.PPVPFVLSVYXTVHPACTUAL PATTERN OFPLANES & VIEWSINFIRST ANGLE METHODOF PROJECTIONS

THIRD ANGLEPROJECTIONIN THIS METHOD,THE OBJECT IS ASSUMED TO BESITUATED IN THIRD QUADRANT( BELOW HP & BEHIND OF VP. )PLANES BEING TRANSPERENTAND INBETWEENOBSERVER & OBJECT.TVXYLSVFVACTUAL PATTERN OFPLANES & VIEWSOFTHIRD ANGLE PROJECTIONSFOR T.V.

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS{ MACHINE ELEMENTS }OBJECT IS OBSERVED IN THREE DIRECTIONS.THE DIRECTIONS SHOULD BE NORMALTO THE RESPECTIVE PLANES.AND NOW PROJECT THREE DIFFERENT VIEWS ON THOSE PLANES.THESE VEWS ARE FRONT VIEW , TOP VIEW AND SIDE VIEW.FRONT VIEW IS A VIEW PROJECTED ON VERTICAL PLANE ( VP )TOP VIEW IS A VIEW PROJECTED ON HORIZONTAL PLANE ( HP )SIDE VIEW IS A VIEW PROJECTED ON PROFILE PLANE ( PP )FIRST STUDY THE CONCEPT OF 1ST AND 3RD ANGLEPROJECTION METHODSAND THEN STUDY NEXT 26 ILLUSTRATED CASES CAREFULLY.TRY TO RECOGNIZE SURFACESPERPENDICULAR TO THE ARROW DIRECTIONS

FIRST ANGLEPROJECTIONFOR T.V.IN THIS METHOD,THE OBJECT IS ASSUMED TO BESITUATED IN FIRST QUADRANTMEANSABOVE HP & INFRONT OF VP.OBJECT IS INBETWEENOBSERVER & PLANE.PPVPFVLSVYXTVHPACTUAL PATTERN OFPLANES & VIEWSINFIRST ANGLE METHODOF PROJECTIONS

THIRD ANGLEPROJECTIONIN THIS METHOD,THE OBJECT IS ASSUMED TO BESITUATED IN THIRD QUADRANT( BELOW HP & BEHIND OF VP. )PLANES BEING TRANSPERENTAND INBETWEENOBSERVER & OBJECT.TVXYLSVFVACTUAL PATTERN OFPLANES & VIEWSOFTHIRD ANGLE PROJECTIONSFOR T.V.

FOR T.V.1ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONSFRONT VIEWxPICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVENDRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECTBY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHODL.H.SIDE VIEWyTOP VIEW

FOR T.V.2ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONSFRONT VIEWXYTOP VIEWPICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVENDRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECTBY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHODL.H.SIDE VIEW

FOR T.V.3ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONSFRONT VIEWXYTOP VIEWPICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVENDRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECTBY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHODL.H.SIDE VIEW

4FOR T.V.ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONSFRONT VIEWXYTOP VIEWPICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVENDRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECTBY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHODL.H.SIDE VIEW

FOR T.V.5ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONSFRONT VIEWXPICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVENDRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECTBY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHODL.H.SIDE VIEWYTOP VIEW

6FOR T.V.ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONSFRONT VIEWXYTOP VIEWPICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVENDRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECTBY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHODL.H.SIDE VIEW

7FOR T.V.ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONSFRONT VIEWXPICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVENDRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECTBY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHODL.H.SIDE VIEWYTOP VIEW

STUDYZILLUSTRATIONS8FOR T.V.ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONSFRONT VIEW50XY20252520TOP VIEWPICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVENDRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECTBY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD

9FOR T.V.ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONSFRONT VIEWXPICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVENDRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECTBY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHODL.H.SIDE VIEWYTOP VIEW

10ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONSFOR T.V.FRONT VIEWXPICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVENDRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECTBY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHODL.H.SIDE VIEWYTOP VIEW

FOR T.V.11ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONSFRONT VIEWXYTOP VIEWPICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVENDRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECTBY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHODL.H.SIDE VIEW

12FOR T.V.ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONSFRONT VIEWXPICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVENDRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECTBY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHODL.H.SIDE VIEWYTOP VIEW

13STUDYZILLUSTRATIONSFOR T.V.ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS35FV3510x20104070OPICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVENDRAW FV AND TV OF THIS OBJECTBY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHODTV30y

STUDYZILLUSTRATIONS14FOR T.V.ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONSFV301030SV301030xPICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVENDRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECTBY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHODyTVALL VIEWS IDENTICAL

15STUDYZILLUSTRATIONSORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONSFOR T.V.ALL VIEWS IDENTICALFVSVyx10406040TVPICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVENDRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECTBY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD60

FOR T.V.ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS16ALL VIEWS IDENTICALFVSVyx1040PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVENDRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECTBY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD406060TOP VIEW

17ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONSFRONT VIEW40L.H.SIDE VIEW30 SQUARE205020X10Y30OF.V.PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVENDRAW FV AND SV OF THIS OBJECTBY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD60S.V.

FOR T.V.ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS18FV40X10OY4530 DO105080TVPICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVENDRAW FV AND TV OF THIS OBJECTBY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD

FOR T.V.19ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS40FVOX10Y1001025TV1030 R20 D301025OPICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVENDRAW FV AND TV OF THIS OBJECTBY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD

PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVENDRAW FV AND TV OF THIS OBJECTBY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHODORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS30FOR T.V.FVRECT.SLOT10503510X20 DTV60 D30 DTOP VIEWOY20

21ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS1025152540102525OO80F.V.PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVENDRAW FV AND SV OF THIS OBJECTBY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD25S.V.

FOR T.V.ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS45030FV40XY30 DTV40OPICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVENDRAW FV AND TV OF THIS OBJECTBY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD154022

23ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONSHEX PART30202040O20502015OPICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVENDRAW FV ABD SV OF THIS OBJECTBY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD3060100FRONT VIEWL.H.SIDE VIEW

FOR T.V.ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS244020FRONT VIEWF.V.3010XYO10301030OPICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVENDRAW FV AND TV OF THIS OBJECTBY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD80T.V.TOP VIEW

25ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS1010152525XYO50FV10LSVPICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVENDRAW FV AND LSV OF THIS OBJECTBY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD

PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVENDRAW FV AND SV OF THIS OBJECTBY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD26ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS30102020151015O301515YX50F.V.LEFT S.V.

Orthographic Projections - Basics 1. Drawing – The fact about 2. Drawings - Types 3. Orthographic (Def