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1Introduction toPlu mbingIntroductionThe plumbing and sanitary system is an essentialpart of every house or building. Proper planning anddesigning of plumbing system is crucial as it takes careof the hygiene requirements of the occupants. It hasbeen reported that about 8 per cent of the constructioncost of a building is marked for plumbing and sanitarywork.A plumber’s job role consists of installation, repair,maintenance and servicing of plumbing fittings andfixtures. Besides having a thorough understandingof the mechanisms required for performing varioustasks, a plumber should be laborious, have effectivecommunication skills and be a result-oriented workerwith a positive attitude.RoleofPlumbingAs you may be aware, water is supplied to a house or abuilding from storage tanks through pipes. Similarly, thewaste water from kitchen and washrooms is drained outwith the help of pipes. Any building, be it a residential,Unit 1.indd 18/7/2018 10:58:23 AM
SUPPLYDISTRIBUTIONUSEWater Mains,Storage TannksPressure s, Rivers,ReservoirsGravity, Piping,NetworksTREATMENTDISPOSALSewage Plants,Natural PurificationSanitary andStorm SewersFig.1.1: Plumbing cyclecommercial or industrial, cannot function properlywithout having plumbing and sanitary arrangements inplace. It is, therefore, important to haveregular and adequate water supplyand a proper system for the disposalof waste water. Plumbing cycle refersto a mechanism through which wateris taken from a source, then suppliedto the users, and finally waste wateris collected and recycled to the sourceafter proper treatment (Fig. 1.1).Plumbing and pipe-fittings playa major role in the construction ofall types of buildings. An efficientplumbing work keeps the atmospherefree from bad smell and ensures bettersanitation.PlumbingThe skill and art that is needed totransport water from the source to theusers, then to the treatment plants,and finally supplying the treated waterFig. 1.2: Washbasin and its componentsto the users through a distributionsystem is known as plumbing. It is a system of pipesand fittings that carry water.2Unit 1.indd 2Plumber (General) – Class IX8/7/2018 10:58:23 AM
Sanitary WorkNotesSanitary work refers to carrying the waste water tothe waste disposal system (sewerage system) throughplumbing fixtures.The plumbing installation is governed by theregulations and rules adopted by the concernedmunicipal corporations or committees of differentStates and Union Territories. Plumbing and sanitationwork thus plays an important role in the constructionof a building.A plumbing system consists of pipe fittings andappliances used for water supply and drainage, as yousee the fitting for the washbasin in Fig. 1.2. In thissystem, different pipes are used for different purposes.The plumbing system includes: water supply, galvanized iron (or plastic) pipesand fixtures; soil pipes and fixtures; sanitary drainage system; and rainwater drainage system.For an efficient plumbing system, it is importantthat standard plumbing and sanitary material, as perthe Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), are used. It isalso important that quality workmanship, practicalchecks and supervision are ensured during plumbingand sanitary work. It helps in getting the best out of theskilled and unskilled labour.Before starting the work, the plumber must keep thefollowing points into consideration.1. Water supply system: sources of clean and potablewater2. Plumbing fixtures and pipes: knowledge aboutdifferent requirements and specifications3. Sanitary and drainage system: knowledge aboutsewerage system4. Rainwater drainage system5. Plumbing drawing and their uses: role of plumbingdrawingIntroductionUnit 1.indd 3toPlumbing38/7/2018 10:58:23 AM
NotesActivity 1Observation of the plumbing system in your school.Material Required1. Pencil or Pen2. NotebookProcedure1. Identify the plumbing items fitted in the school.2. Make a list of the identified plumbing items.3. Identify the material used in plumbing fittings and fixtures.Activity 2Observation of the plumbing system in your house.Material Required1. Pencil or Pen2. NotebookProcedure1. Identify the plumbing items fitted in the house.2. Make a list of the identified plumbing items.3. Identify the material used in plumbing fittings and fixtures.Check Your ProgressA. Answer the following questions1. Define the plumbing system.2. Why is plumbing system necessary for all types ofbuilding?3. What are the main components of a plumbing system?B. Fill in the blanks1. Every residential building should have regular andadequate supply.2. Sanitary work refers to carrying the waste water to thewaste disposal system through .3. Water is supplied through andfittings.4. A plumber is responsible for , ,and of pipes and sanitary fixtures.4Unit 1.indd 4Plumber (General) – Class IX8/7/2018 10:58:23 AM
C. Mark the correct optionNotes1. The skill and art of transporting water from the sourceto the treatment plants and then to the end user isknown as .(a) masonry(b) construction(c) plumbing(d) concreting2. From the total building construction, the appropriate costpercentage usually marked for plumbing and sanitarywork is .(a) 12 per cent(b) 10 per cent(c) 5 per cent(d) 8 per cent3. Plumbing and pipe fittings play a major role in theconstruction of buildings like(a) Residential(b) Commercial(c) Industrial(d) All of the above4. Which of the following is the correct order of stages in aplumbing cycle?(a) Supply, Distribution, Disposal, Treatment(b) Disposal, Distribution, Supply, Treatment(c) Supply, Treatment, Disposal, Distribution(d) Treatment, Supply, Disposal, DistributionIntroductionUnit 1.indd 5toPlumbing58/7/2018 10:58:23 AM
Plumbing 1. I. ntroductIon. The plumbing and sanitary system is an essential . part of every house or building. Proper planning and designing of plumbing system is crucial as it takes care of the hygiene requirements of the occupants. It has been reported that about 8 per cent of the construction cost of a building is marked for plumbing and .
