Transcription
Front coverIntroduction to GridComputingLearn grid computing basicsUnderstand architecturalconsiderationsCreate and demonstratea grid environmentBart JacobMichael BrownKentaro FukuiNihar Trivediibm.com/redbooks
International Technical Support OrganizationIntroduction to Grid ComputingDecember 2005SG24-6778-00
Note: Before using this information, read the information in “Notices” on page ix.First Edition (December 2005) Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 2005. All rights reserved.Note to U.S. Government Users Restricted Rights -- Use, duplication or disclosure restricted by GSA ADPSchedule Contract with IBM Corp.
ContentsNotices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ixTrademarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xPreface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiThe team that wrote this redbook. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiBecome a published author . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiiiComments welcome. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiiiPart 1. Grid fundamentals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Chapter 1. What grid Computing is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Chapter 2. Benefits of grid computing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.1 Exploiting under utilized resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.2 Parallel CPU capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.3 Virtual resources and virtual organizations for collaboration . . . . . . . . . . . 102.4 Access to additional resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112.5 Resource balancing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122.6 Reliability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142.7 Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152.8 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Chapter 3. Grid terms and concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193.1 Types of resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203.1.1 Computation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203.1.2 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203.1.3 Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223.1.4 Software and licenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223.1.5 Special equipment, capacities, architectures, and policies . . . . . . . . 233.2 Jobs and applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233.3 Scheduling, reservation, and scavenging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243.4 Grid software components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263.4.1 Management components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263.4.2 Distributed grid management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263.4.3 Donor software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273.4.4 Submission software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283.4.5 Schedulers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283.4.6 Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293.4.7 Observation and measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Copyright IBM Corp. 2005. All rights reserved.iii
3.5 Intragrid and intergrid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303.6 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Chapter 4. Grid user roles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334.1 Using a grid: A user’s perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344.1.1 Enrolling and installing grid software. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344.1.2 Logging onto the grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344.1.3 Queries and submitting jobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354.1.4 Data configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364.1.5 Monitoring progress and recovery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364.1.6 Reserving resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374.2 Using a grid: An administrator’s perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384.2.1 Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384.2.2 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394.2.3 Managing enrollment of donors and users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394.2.4 Certificate authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404.2.5 Resource management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414.2.6 Data sharing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414.3 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Part 2. Grid architecture considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Chapter 5. Standards for grid environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465.1.1 OGSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465.1.2 OGSI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475.1.3 OGSA-DAI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475.1.4 GridFTP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485.1.5 WSRF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485.1.6 Web services related standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Chapter 6. Application considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516.1 General application considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526.2 CPU-intensive application considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536.3 Data considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 596.4 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62Chapter 7. Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637.1 Introduction to grid security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 647.1.1 Grid security requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 647.1.2 Security fundamentals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677.1.3 Important grid security terms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 687.1.4 Symmetric key encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697.1.5 Asymmetric key encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70ivIntroduction to Grid Computing
7.1.6 The Certificate Authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 717.1.7 Digital certificates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 737.2 Grid security infrastructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 767.2.1 Getting access to the grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 767.2.2 Grid secure communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 827.2.3 Grid security step-by-step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 847.3 Grid infrastructure security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 887.3.1 Physical security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 887.3.2 Operating system security. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 887.3.3 Grid and firewalls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 897.3.4 Host intrusion detection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 897.4 PKI security policies and procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 907.4.1 Certificate Authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 907.4.2 Security controls review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 927.5 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93Chapter 8. Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 958.1 Building a grid architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 968.1.1 Solution objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 978.2 Grid architecture models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1018.2.1 Computational grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1018.2.2 Data grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1028.3 Grid topologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1038.3.1 Intragrid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1048.3.2 Extragrid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1058.3.3 Intergrid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1068.3.4 e-Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1078.4 Phases and activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1088.4.1 Basic methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1088.4.2 Recommended steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1098.5 A conceptual architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1118.5.1 Infrastructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1118.6 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113Chapter 9. Web services resource framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1159.1 Resource state management using Grid services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1179.1.1 What a Grid service is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1179.1.2 Grid services vs. Web services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1189.1.3 OGSA Grid service requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1199.1.4 Open Grid Services Interface (OGSI) Grid services . . . . . . . . . . . . 1209.1.5 OGSI to WSRF refactoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1229.2 WSRF fundamentals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1249.2.1 What a WS-Resource is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124Contentsv
9.2.2 Implied resource pattern for stateful resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1269.3 WS-Resource Framework specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1309.3.1 WS-Resource Framework and Globus Toolkit 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1359.4 WSRF references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1379.5 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137Part 3. Creating a grid environment with the Globus Toolkit 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139Chapter 10. Globus Toolkit 4 components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14110.1 Overview of Globus Toolkit 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14210.2 Common runtime components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14310.2.1 Java WS Core . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14310.2.2 C WS Core . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14410.2.3 Python WS Core . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14410.3 Security components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14510.3.1 WS authentication and authorization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14510.3.2 Pre-WS authentication and authorization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14510.3.3 Community Authorization Service (CAS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14510.3.4 Delegation service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14510.3.5 SimpleCA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14610.3.6 MyProxy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14610.3.7 GSI-OpenSSH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14610.4 Data management components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14710.4.1 GridFTP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14710.4.2 Reliable File Transfer (RFT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14810.4.3 Replica Location Service (RLS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14810.4.4 OGSA-DAI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14910.4.5 Data Replication Service (DRS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14910.5 Monitoring and Discovery Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14910.5.1 Index service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14910.5.2 Trigger service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15010.5.3 Aggregator Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15110.5.4 WebMDS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15210.6 Execution management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15210.6.1 WS GRAM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15210.6.2 Community Scheduler Framework 4 (CSF4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15310.6.3 Globus Teleoperations Control Protocol (GTCP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15410.6.4 Workspace Management Service (WMS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15410.7 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154Chapter 11. Globus Toolkit 4 installation and configuration. . . . . . . . . . 15511.1 How to obtain Globus Toolkit 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15611.2 Packages of Globus Toolkit 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15611.2.1 Binary packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157viIntroduction to Grid Computing
11.2.2 Source packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15811.3 Grid environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15811.4 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16011.4.1 Installing required software for Globus Toolkit 4 installation . . . . . 16011.4.2 Preparing the OS for Globus Toolkit 4 installation . . . . . . . . . . . . 16311.4.3 Installing Globus Toolkit 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16511.5 Configuration and testing of grid environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16711.5.1 Configuring environmental variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16811.5.2 Security set up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16811.5.3 Configuration of Java WS Core. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17411.5.4 Configuration and testing of GridFTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17711.5.5 Configuration and testing of RFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18011.5.6 Configuration and testing of WS GRAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18511.5.7 Testing of MDS4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19111.6 Uninstallation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19211.7 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193Part 4. Grid demonstration application. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195Chapter 12. Demonstration application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19712.1 RenderClient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20012.1.1 The Graphical User Interface (GUI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20012.1.2 RenderClient source code. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20912.2 RenderWorker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21112.3 RenderSourceService . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21212.3.1 Alternative architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21312.4 DirectoryTree of important files in demo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213Part 5. Appendixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221Appendix A. IBM software portfolio for grid computing . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223IBM Application Workload Modeler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224IBM Cloudscape/Apache Derby . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224DB2 Connect Family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224DB2 Everyplace Family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224DB2 Universal Database Family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224Mathematical Acceleration Subsystem (MASS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224Rational Application Developer for WebSphere Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225IBM Tivoli Access Manager Family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225IBM Tivoli Configuration Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225IBM Tivoli Enterprise Console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225IBM Tivoli Intelligent Orchestrator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226IBM Tivoli License Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226The IBM Tivoli Management Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226Contentsvii
IBM Tivoli Monitoring for Virtual Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226IBM Tivoli OMEGAMON XE Family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227IBM Tivoli Provisioning Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227IBM Tivoli System Automation for Multiplatforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227IBM Tivoli Universal Agent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227WebSphere Application Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228WebSphere Application Server Network Deployment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228WebSphere Extended Deployment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228IBM WebSphere MQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228WebSphere Studio Application Monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229IBM Director . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229IBM Remote Deployment Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229IBM ServerGuide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229IBM Virtual Machine Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229Cluster Systems Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230Parallel ESSL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230LoadLeveler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230General Parallel File System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230Appendix B. Additional material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231Locating the Web material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231Using the Web material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232System requirements for downloading the Web material . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232How to use the Web material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232Related publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235IBM Redbooks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235Other publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235Online resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237How to get IBM Redbooks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238Help from IBM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241viiiIntroduction to Grid Computing
NoticesThis information was developed for products and services offered in the U.S.A.IBM may not offer the products, services, or features discussed in this document in other countries. Consultyour local IBM representative for information on the products and services currently available in your area.Any reference to an IBM product, program, or service is not intended to state or imply that only that IBMproduct, program, or service may be used. Any functionally equivalent product, program, or service thatdoes not infringe any IBM intellectual property right may be used instead. However, it is the user'sresponsibility to evaluate and verify the operation of any non-IBM product, program, or service.IBM may have patents or pending patent applications covering subject matter described in this document.The furnishing of this document does not give you any license to these patents. You can send licenseinquiries, in writing, to:IBM Director of Licensing, IBM Corporation, North Castle Drive Armonk, NY 10504-1785 U.S.A.The following paragraph does not apply to the United Kingdom or any other country where such provisionsare inconsistent with local law: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION PROVIDESTHIS PUBLICATION "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF NON-INFRINGEMENT,MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Some states do not allow disclaimerof express or implied warranties in certain transactions, therefore, this statement may not apply to you.This information could include technical inaccuracies or typographical errors. Changes are periodically madeto the information herein; these changes will be incorporated in new editions of the publication. IBM maymake improvements and/or changes in the product(s) and/or the program(s) described in this publication atany time without notice.Any references in this information to non-IBM Web sites are provided for convenience only and do not in anymanner serve as an endorsement of those Web sites. The materials at those Web sites are not part of thematerials for this IBM product and use of those Web sites is at your own risk.IBM may use or distribute any of the information you supply in any way it believes appropriate withoutincurring any obligation to you.Information concerning non-IBM products was obtained from the suppliers of those products, their publishedannouncements or other publicly available sources. IBM has not tested those products and cannot confirmthe accuracy of performance, compatibility or any other claims related to non-IBM products. Questions onthe capabilities of non-IBM products should be addressed to the suppliers of those products.This information contains examples of data and reports used in daily business operations. To illustrate themas completely as possible, the examples include the names of individuals, companies, brands, and products.All of these names are fictitious and any similarity to the names and addresses used by an actual businessenterprise is entirely coincidental.COPYRIGHT LICENSE:This information contains sample application programs in source language, which illustrates programmingtechniques on various operating platforms. You may copy, modify, and distribute these sample programs inany form without payment to IBM, for the purposes of developing, using, marketing or distributing applicationprograms conforming to the application programming interface for the operating platform for which thesample programs are written. These examples have not been thoroughly tested under all conditions. IBM,therefore, cannot guarantee or imply reliability, serviceability, or function of these programs. You may copy,modify, and distribute these sample programs in any form without payment to IBM for the purposes ofdeveloping, using, marketing, or distributing application programs conforming to IBM's applicationprogramming interfaces. Copyright IBM Corp. 2005. All rights reserved.ix
TrademarksThe following terms are trademarks of the International Business Machines Corporation in the United States,other countries, or both:AFS AIX 5L AIX Cloudscape DB2 Connect DB2 Universal Database DB2 developerWorks DFS Domino Eserver eServer Everyplace ibm.com IBM iSeries LoadLeveler Lotus OMEGAMON Perform pSeries Rational Redbooks (logo)Redbooks RS/6000 ServerGuide Summit Tivoli Enterprise Console Tivoli Enterprise Tivoli WebSphere World Community Grid xSeries zSeries The following terms are trademarks of other companies:Java and all Java-based trademarks and logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of SunMicrosystems, Inc. in the United States, other countries, or both.Microsoft, Windows, Windows NT, and the Windows logo are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in theUnited States, other countries, or both.Intel, Intel Inside (logos), MMX, and Pentium are trademarks of Intel Corporation in the United States, othercountries, or both.UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group in the United States and other countries.Linux is a trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States, other countries, or both.Other company, product, and service names may be trademarks or service marks of others.xIntroduction to Grid Computing
PrefaceIn the past several years, grid computing has emerged as a way to harness andtake advantage of computing resources across geographies and organizations.In this IBM Redbook, we describe a generalized view of grid computing includingconcepts, standards, and ways in which grid computing can provide businessvalue to your organization. In a nutshell, grid computing is all about virtualizationthat enables businesses to take advantage of a variety of IT resources in order tobe more responsive to demands of the business and increase availability ofapplications while reducing both infrastructure and management costs.There are many products and toolkits available from IBM and other companiesthat enable different aspects of grid computing. One of the most well knowntoolkits is the Globus Toolkit. Globus Toolkit 4 provides com
Computing Bart Jacob Michael Brown Kentaro Fukui Nihar Trivedi Learn grid computing basics Understand architectural considerations Create and demonstrate a grid environment Front cover. Introduction to Grid C
