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Fluid Fertilizers for SustainableResidue Removal in High-YieldingCorn Production SystemsLaura Gentry1, Kyle Vogelzang2, & Fred Below31ILCorn Grower’s Association, Adjunct Faculty UIUC2Evergreen FS, Inc.3Crop Physiology Laboratory, Crop Sciences Dept., Univ. of IL Urbana-Champaign2014 Fluid Fertilizer Forum – Feb. 17-18th, 2014 Scottsdale, AZ
Study Objectives Assess effects of partial stover removal oncorn yield, root biomass, and nitrogen useefficiency with advanced vs. traditionalcrop inputs and plant populations Evaluate the combined effects of cropinputs and plant population on nutrientremovals with stover harvesting
One Full Replication 9th Year CCvs. Corn afterSoybean Corn StoverRetained vs.50% Harvested Addition/Omission StudyCorn StoverRetainedCorn StoverHarvestedAddition/OmissionStudy9th-Year Continuous CornCorn-Soybean
Standard vs. AdvancedFertilityNitrogenNo P, S, or Zn based on soil test100 lbs/a P2O5 MicroEssentials SZ (12-40-0-10S-1Zn)180 lb N/a pre-plant UAN180 preplant 60 lb N/a sidedressGeneticsRR Refuge HybridTriple Stack HybridPopulation32,000 plants/a vs. 45,000 plants/aFungicideNo Fungicide vs. Strobilurin (@ R1)
P, S, ZnN2011 Yields9th-Year Cont. CornCorn After SoybeanTechnologyStover Retained(bu acre-1)Stover Removed(bu acre-1)Stover Retained(bu acre-1)High nal146159156TRAD FERT169166163TRAD N164166175 IntheTRAD system,applyingS, andremovalZn increasedregardless of stoverGreatestadvantageof P,stoveris inyieldshigh-population,LSD(P 0.10)666(within rotation trt)retention/removal.high-input systems, although both systems benefitted. Whenstover is retained in the HT-CC or in the15C-S system, eliminating P, S,LSD (P 0.10)trts)and (btnZn rotationapplicationdid not affect yields. When stover is removed in the HT-CC system, eliminating P, S, and Znapplication strongly reduced yields.
Nutrients in CC Stover – 2011avg. stover removal 1925 n(lb/a) w/stoverremovalK2Oreduction(lb/a) w/stoverremovalSreduction(lb/a) 31.3-490.1301.150.0575.7511.1 76586(30%removal)5753Trad(33%removal)
Hybrid2012 Yields9th-Year Cont. CornCorn After SoybeanTechnologyStover Retained(bu acre-1)Stover Removed(bu acre-1)Stover Retained(bu acre-1)High Tech95113168HT-HYBRID8088149Traditional8583138TRAD HYBRID132130149777LSD (P 0.10)(within rotation trt)LSD (P 0.10)(btn rotation trts)18
HybridP, S, Zn2013 Yields11th-Year Cont. CornCorn After SoybeanTechnologyStover Retained(bu acre-1)Stover Removed(bu acre-1)Stover Retained(bu acre-1)High ditional136129148TRAD HYBRID147143150TRAD FERT142158151777LSD (P 0.10)(within rotation trt)LSD (P 0.10)(btn rotation trts)17
Nutrient removal per tonstover harvested– 2011%P%K%SP2O5 removedper ton stoverharvested(lb/ton)K2O removedper ton stoverharvested(lb/ton)S removedper ton 1.36Trad0.1301.150.0575.9531.12
Effect of Year/Conditionson Harvest 80.49800.391370.45TRAD1460.49850.371360.48 FERT1690.49910.401420.46 N1640.50870.391330.49 HYBRID1450.481320.441470.50
Conclusions (last year) To maximize yields in continuous corn– Maintain moderate plant population ( 32 ppa)– Higher levels of N, P, S, Zn were beneficial N fertilizer recovery efficiency was equal orgreater in high-population, high-input systemsrelative to more traditional farmer practices
Conclusions Stover removal increased corn yields in CChigh-population, high-input systems by 18bpa in 2011 and 2012, but not 2013 In the high-population, high-input system:– stover removal without P, S, and Znfertilization resulted in yield reductions– stover removal increased plant-availability ofN
Conclusions Each growing season’s uniqueconditions dictate whichmanagement decision will bethe most influential forincreasing yields
SPECIAL THANKS! Fluid Fertilizer FoundationThe Mosaic CompanySyngentaIL Nutrient Research & Education CouncilFor more information:Crop Physiology Laboratory at theUniversity of u
Fluid Fertilizers for Sustainable Residue Removal in High-Yielding Corn Production Systems Laura Gentry1, Kyle Vogelzang2, & Fred Below3 1IL Corn Grower's Association, Adjunct Faculty UIUC 2Evergreen FS, Inc. 3Crop Physiology Laboratory, Crop Sciences Dept., Univ. of IL Urbana-Champaign 2014 Fluid Fertilizer Forum - Feb. 17-18th, 2014 Scottsdale, AZ
