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HVAC – Kitchen Exhaust SystemsNYCECC – C403.2.8M: NEW, Aligns with ASHRAE “short-circuit” airflow does notexceed 10% of exhaust rate Limits conditioned make-up air Total kitchen exhaust 5000 CFMmust meet one of the following:ASHRAE – 6.5.7.1P: Same as NYCECCRequired, no changes– 50% of replacement air is make-up air– 75% of exhaust air is controlled by DVS– 50% total exhaust airflow has ERVSource: cuments/cn kitchen exhaust.pdfbuild safe live safe35

HVAC – Fan System EfficiencyNYCECC – C403.2.12.3M: SAME as ASHRAEFans 5hp & not in packaged unitsFan Efficiency Grade (FEG) 67ASHRAE – 6.5.3.1.3P: SAME as NYCECC"HVAC Ventilation Exhaust" by PictorialEvidence - Own work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 viaCommons https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:HVAC Ventilation Exhaust.jpg#/media/File:HVAC Ventilation Exhaust.jpgbuild safe live safe36

HVAC – Refrigeration EquipmentNYCECC – C403.2.14M: Similar to ASHRAE Minimum efficiency requirements Walk-in coolers/freezers–––––ASHRAE – 6.4.5, 6.4.6M: Similar to IECCAutomatic DoorsInsulation (R-25/R-32)ECM MotorsAnti-sweat heater controlsLighting controls Refrigerated display cases– Lighting controls (occ/timer)– Defrost termination– Anti-sweat heatersSource: ies-office-2015-highlightsbuild safe live safe37

HVAC – EconomizersRequirements (NYCECC C403.3 & ASHRAE 6.5.1)P: Economizer requirements, regardless of compliance path Air-side or water-side required on each cooling system Exceptions where economizers are not required:––––Processes where 25% of the air must be humidified 35F dpSystems expected to operate 20hrs/wkSystems serving zones with open refrigerated caseworkSystems with condenser heat recoverySource: www.energystar.govbuild safe live safe38

HVAC – Common Economizer ExceptionsNYCECC – C403.3P:Maximum allowable units withouteconomizers is 20% of total supplycooling capacity of building or 300,000BTU/h for the following exceptions: DX units 54,000 BTU/h Chilled water units 54,000 BTU/hwhere total chilled water systemcapacity 60 tons (water-cooled) or 78 tons (air-cooled)ASHRAE – 6.5.1P: Fan cooling units 54,000 BTU/hfor comfort cooling Systems 270,000 BTU/h servingresidential spaces High efficiency units 42% moreefficient than code minimumbuild safe live safe39

HVAC – Economizer High-Limit Shut-offNYCECC – C403.3.3.3M: Same as ASHRAEAllowed: Fixed dry-bulb, TOA 65F Fixed enthalpy w/ fixed dry-bulb Differential enthalpy w/ fixed drybulbASHRAE – 6.5.1.1.3P: Same as NYCECCNot allowed: Differential dry-bulb Electronic enthalpy Dew point & dry-bulb tempsSource: Trane, Engineers Newsletter, Vol 44-2 “Airside economizersand ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013”build safe live safe40

HVAC – Economizer ControlsNYCECC – C403.2.4.7ASHRAE – 6.5.1.1.6M: Fault Detection & Diagnostics (FDD) P: No FDD Sensor Accuracy – same as ECC Temperature sensors (OA, RA, SA) Sensor Accuracy–– System operating statusIndependent operating controls– Compressors, economizer, fans, htg sysFault reporting– Temperature: /- 2% from 40-80FPressure (refrigerant): 3%bldg operator or zone t-statCapability to detect––––Air temp sensor failureEconomizing or not when should or notDamper not modulatingExcess OASource: Dept. of Energy, BECU, PNNL-SA-120201build safe live safe41

HVAC – Economizer ControlsNYCECC – C403.3.1P: DX units with air-side economizers 75,000 BTU/h shall have at least 2stage cooling capabilityASHRAE – 6.5.1.3Same as NYCECCDX units with modulating airflow, shallmeet the req. in tablebuild safe live safe42

HVAC – Fan ControlNYCECC – C403.4.1P: Aligns with ASHRAEASHRAE – 6.5.3.2.1P: Same as NYCECCFans in hydronic and multiple zonesystems must be variable flow DX 65 MBH or more: 2-speed CHW ¼ hp: Variable speed Fans 1/12 – 1hp: ECM or 70% eff.Source: Department of Energy, Building Energy Codes ProgramSource: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-frequency drivebuild safe live safe43

HVAC – Boiler TurndownNYCECC – C403.4.2.5P: Aligns with ASHRAEASHRAE – 6.5.4.1P: Same as NYCECCTurndown requirements for boilersrequired for 1,000,000 BTU/hRequirement shall be met through: Multiple single-input boilers 1 or more modulating boilers Or combination or single input &modulatingbuild safe live safe44

HVAC – Door SwitchesNYCECCP: No requirementSource: Google Earth, 8/24/16ASHRAE – 6.5.10P: Doors separating conditioned spacefrom the outdoors provided withcontrols that within 5 minutes of thedoor opening: Disable heating or reset set point to 55F Disable cooling or reset set point to 90FExceptions: Alterations to existing buildings Loading docks Entries with auto. closing devices Spaces without t-statsbuild safe live safe45

HVAC – Guest Room Controls Mandatory - Hotels with 50 guestrooms Captive key card system, OR Automatic HVAC setback controls– /- 4F when unoccupied– 80F/60F when unrentedWikipedia Commons, photo by Loftcwyouthbuild safe live safe46

Alt. Compliance Path – Computer RmSystemsNYCECCP: No requirementSource: www.energy.govASHRAE – 6.6P: Alternate HVAC compliance path fordata centers using power usageeffectiveness (PUE)Compliance following Mandatory provisions (Section 6.4) PUE1 or PUE0 1.36 Breakdown of energy kW or kWh byIT equip, power distribution lossesexternal to IT equip, HVAC systems,and lightingbuild safe live safe47

Service Water Heating – HighefficiencyNYCECC – C404.2.1P: Aligns with ASHRAEDomestic water heating systemsinstalled in new buildings with totalinput 1MMBH shall be 90% EtException: Water heaters in dwelling units andthose 100kBTU/h are not counted towardcapacity Water heating systems 25% of annualrequirements comes from siterecovered or site solar energyASHRAE – 7.5.3P: Same as IECC90% build safe live safe48

Service Water Heating – Efficient PipingASHRAENo requirementbuild safe live safe49

Lighting- Overview Major change- Both 2016 NYCECC and ASHRAE have reduced lightingpower densities in both the Building Area Method and the Space by Spacemethod. Major change- ASHRAE has added requirements for secondary sidelightingareas. Major change- NYCECC has clarified that controls are within the scope oflighting alterations, and commissioning is required for lighting alterationsbuild safe live safe50

Lighting – Interior LPDsNYCECC – C405.4.2P: Reduced in most spaces.Same as ASHRAEASHRAE – 9.5, 9.6P: Reduced in most spaces.Same as NYCECCNew Table format easily provides LPDand controls requirementsNYC has further reduced LPD in enclosed offices, open offices, andsales areas/retail spaces in both the ECC and ASHRAE, by about 10%. Enclosed office- 1.0 Open plan offices- 0.9 Sales area- 1.30build safe live safe51

Lighting – Scope (Alterations)NYCECC – C503.1ASHRAE – 9.1Existing building alterations trigger fullcode compliance when replacing 20%** of luminaires in a spaceExisting building alterations triggerLPD and controls requirements whenreplacing 20% connected lightingload**previously 50%NYC does NOT have an exception forlighting within dwelling units!!! 75% of fixtures shall be fitted forand contain only high-efficacylamps.build safe live safe52

Lighting – Daylighting ControlNYCECC – C405.2.3.1M: Auto dimming controls(no more manual option!)New daylight zone definition NOT aligned with ASHRAEExceptions for spaces with ps/work.shtmlASHRAE – 9.4.1.1(e)M: Now mandatory!Requires control of primary andsecondary sidelightingNew daylight zone definition NOT aligned with IECCExceptions for spaces with 150W inprimary or 300 W in primary & secondary.(previously 250 SF)build safe live safe53

Escalators & Moving WalksNYCECC – C405.9.2ASHRAE 10.4.4M: Automatic controls to reduce speed M: Same as NYCECCto a minimum permitted speed (ASMEA17.1/CSA B44) when not carryingoccupants.VFD regenerative drive on one-waydown escalatorsSource: NYC Dept. of Buildings, “Elevators and Escalators: Staying Safe”build safe live safe54

Power – Voltage DropNYCECCNo RequirementsASHRAE 8.4.1M: MAX voltage drop limited to: 5% total for feeder conductorsand branch circuit conductorscombinedbuild safe live safe55

Power – Automatic Receptacle ControlNYCECCNo RequirementsASHRAE 8.4.2M: 50% of receptacles in privateoffices, conference rooms, copyrooms, break rooms, classroomsand individual workstations arecontrolled by automatic controldevice Permanently marked to visuallydifferentiate Uniformly distributed throughoutspacebuild safe live safe56

Electrical Energy MonitoringNYCECCNo requirementASHRAE 10.4.5M: New Buildings 25,000 SFMeasurement devices shall be installed tomonitor electrical use of the following: Total electrical HVAC systems Interior Lighting Exterior Lighting Receptacle CircuitsExceptions: tenant spaces 10,000 SF,R-2 10,000 SF common area, dwellingunitsData collection every 15-minHourly reporting made available totenants for min. 36 months of databuild safe live safe57

HVAC – Additional Energy Efficiency OptionsNYCECC – C406ASHRAEM: Added 3 additional options, edited No Requirements3 existing options Efficient HVAC – 10% more than min Reduced LPD – 10% less than min. Enhanced digital lighting controls On-site renewable (no change) Dedicated OA system w/ ERV Reduced DHW – 60% from heatrecovery or solarbuild safe live safe58

HVAC – CommissioningNYCECC – C408M:Same as NYCECC 2014, exceptestablishes a 25kW threshold for onsite renewable energy systemsrequired to commission ASHRAE 6.7.2.4M:Same as NYCECCClarifies that DHW is included in theheating capacityApproved Agency shall provideevidence of lighting functional testingbuild safe live safe59

Energy Modeling – ASHRAE 90.1 Section 11 Limited on-site renewable energy set to 5% of the design energy costWWR – East/West facades meet prescriptive compliance or average rotationsAdded Fan power removal calculationsMore stringent fan controls in baselineLighting controls language expanded–––Added language regarding modeling controls and daylighting controls directly as controls or throughschedule adjustmentsAdditional lighting controls may be modeled as reduced LPD, directly as controls, or scheduleadjustmentAdditional lighting power for non-mandatory controls allowed under 9.6.3 shall not be included inbudget building designbuild safe live safe60

Energy Modeling – Appendix G Performance Rating Method – Appendix G, adopted addendum bm–––– Permanent baseline established at ASHRAE 90.1-2004 versionSets approximately 45% improvement targetPerformance path no longer lags behind prescriptive changesMultiple baselines no longer required for code/beyond codeMajor Changes–No longer % improvement over baselineSets Performance Cost Index (PCI) target for baselinePCIt 𝑈𝑛𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 [𝐵𝑃𝐹 𝑅𝑒𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 ]𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 ( )Compliance indicated by PCI PCItPCI 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑑 ( )𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 ( )Building Area TypeBuildingPerformanceFactor (CZ Warehouse0.58All others0.58build safe live safe61

EXISTING BUILDINGS- Overview The requirements covering existing buildings have been moved from Chapter 1 toa new Chapter C5. This chapter clarifies many requirements but does not increasethe stringency.–––Altered portions of the building must comply with sections C502 (Additions), C503 (Alterations), andC504 (Repairs).Additions must either comply prescriptively or can comply through the performance path, with boththe existing building and addition modeled as a whole building.One exception has been added clarifying that extension of ductwork from an existing system will notrequire testing if the ducts are less than 40’ in length.Source: Wikipedia Commons, photo by Beyond My Ken.build safe live safe62

EXISTING BUILDINGS- Overview Changes to the requirements for Historic Buildings, C501.6, may not beenforceable in NYC, if it is not modified in the NY State Energy Law.A separate section, C504, has been introduced to cover repairs, which clarifies thatrepairs are not subject to the code under certain conditions.A separate section, C505, now covers change of occupancy or use. Similar to theconversion to conditioned space from unconditioned space, if not meeting thecode fully, a home is allowed to comply if the modeling shows no more than 10%usage above the allowable.build safe live safe63

Resources DOB’s Energy code page– nservation-code.page– DOB’s How to Guide on Compliance with NYCECC http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/buildings/pdf/h2g all.pdf http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/buildings/pdf/qrg h2demonstrate energy code compliance.pdf IECC Code Commentary ASHRAE 90.1-2013 User’s Manual ASHRAE Interpretations– tandard-90-1-2013 Errata – edits to publication issues– https://www.iccsafe.org/errata-central/– rrata/90.1-2013-SIErrataSheet-11-13-2017-.pdfbuild safe live safe64

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Building Energy Policy in New YorkCity NYCECC in context- whatestablishes the Baseline? Progress- how has NYC improved?– Increased stringency– Increased enforcement Future- where is the code going?– Increased stringency– Increased enforcement Findings and ChallengesEnergy Code in NYCbuildbuildsafesafe livelivesafesafe6767

Sustainability in City-Owned Buildings NYC has a LEED requirement for city-ownedprojects or city-funded projects– Recently revised to LEED Gold version 4– Also amended the law to move the city toward alow-energy building performance standard, withan energy use target of 50% less than code (LocalLaw 31 of 2016)build safe live safe68

Future of the EnergyCode in NYCLocal Law 32/2018 (EUI targets forbuildings 25,000 sq.ft. and greater)– A local law to amend the NewYork city Administrative Code, onadoption of a morestringent energy efficiencyrequirements for buildingsand energy use intensityrequirements for new andsubstantially reconstructedbuildings Adopt a 2019 and 2022 codethat is 20% more stringentthan ASHRAE 90.1-2013(Stretch Code) 2025- Develop metric andtargets for building typesbuildbuildsafesafe livelivesafesafe6969

Future of the EnergyCode in NYCImplement the alterationsstrategies:– Applying the filters thatwere successful Creating logic in the newall-electronic applicationprocess to further narrowthe universe Auditing by applicant Auditing “non-filtered” jobs– Inspecting highest-risk jobs– Auditing the third-partyinspectorsbuildbuildsafesafe livelivesafesafe7070

Thank-you!Email DOB’s energy team nyc.govFor more on energy codes of the nal/technical reports/PNNL-24009.pdfbuildbuildsafesafe livelivesafesafe7171

Energy Code in NYS Energy Policy in New York City Increased enforcement. build safe live safe 12 First report on Energy Code Compliance in New York State revealed (based on technical compliance with the envelope provisions): Residential- 61% Commercial- 36%