WIXLIB

BARRELSCOMMENTARY ONCHAPTER 57FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDSSECTION 5701GENERAL5701.2 Nonapplicability. Item 10 makes the storage of distilled spirits and wines in woodenbarrels and casks exempt from this chapter. Although their contentsare classified as flammable liquids, the containers do not pose therupture hazard as do other containers. Barrels and casks will leak theircontents and contribute to the fire as the metal bands that secure thestaves expand and loosen. Even this hazard is generally mitigated bythe operation of automatic sprinklers that prevent the fire fromprogressing to the point where the metal bands get hot enough toexpand. A similar exception also appears in Section 5001.1Barrels do not ruptureSprinklers greatly mitigate riskCommentary is NOT code but IS aguide to interpreting the code.

CODE: NFPA 1NFPA 1Chapter 66 Flammable and Combustible Liquids66.1.2 Where the provisions of this chapter or NFPA 30 conflict withthe provisions of Chapter 60, the provisions of this chapter andNFPA 30 shall apply.66.9 Storage of Liquids in Containers — General Requirements.66.9.1 Scope.66.9.1.4 This section shall not apply to the following:(7) Distilled spirits and wines in wooden barrels or casks[30:9.1.4]

CODE: NFPA 30NFPA 30Chapter 9 Storage of Liquids in Containers —GeneralRequirements9.1 Scope.9.1.4 This chapter shall not apply to the following:(7) Distilled spirits and wines in wooden barrels or casks

BARRELSSECTION 403MECHANICAL VENTILATION 403.2 Outdoor air required. “ Ventilation supply systems shall bedesigned to deliver the required rate of outdoor airflow to thebreathing zone within each occupiable space.”“Exception: Where the registered design professionaldemonstrates that an engineered ventilation systemdesignthe maximumconcentration ofWewillwillpreventcome backtocontaminantsthedealminimumventilation andwith required rate of outdoorair shall be reducedIMC in accordance with such engineeredsystem design.” 510.2 Hazardous Exhaust where required.1. Flammable liquid vapor in excess of 25% of the LFL

BARRELSCHAPTER 4[F] 414.5.1 Explosion Control. Explosion control shall be provided inaccordance with the International Fire Code as required by Table 414.5.1 wherequantities of hazardous materials specified in that table exceed the maximumallowable quantities in Table 307.1.(1) or where a structure, room or space isoccupied for purposes involving explosion hazards as required by Section 415 orthe International Fire Code.[F] 414.5.2 Emergency or standby power. Where required by the InternationalFire Code or this code, mechanical ventilation, treatment systems, temperaturecontrol, alarm, detection or other electrically operated systems shall beprovided with emergency or standby power in accordance with Section 2702.For storage and use areas for highly toxic or toxic materials, see Sections6004.2.2.8 and 6004.3.4.5 of the International Fire Code.Explosion control, emergency power, spill control, drainage, andcontainment all refer to the IFC where barrels are exempt.Therefore these items are not required for cask storage.Note: explosion control is inherently provided with the 0.06cfm/sf of ventilation.

BARRELS[F] 414.5.3 Spill control, drainage and containment. Rooms,buildings or areas occupied for the storage of solid and liquidhazardous materials shall be provided with a means to control spillageand to contain or drain off spillage and fire protection waterdischarged in the storage area where required in the International FireCode. The methods of spill control shall be in accordance with theInternational Fire Code.Explosion control, emergency power, spill control, drainage, andcontainment all refer to the IFC where barrels are exempt.Therefore these items are not required for cask storage.Note: explosion control is inherently provided with the 0.06cfm/sf of ventilation.

BARRELS[F] 415.4 Automatic sprinkler system. Group H occupancies shall beequipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordancewith Section 903.2.5[F] 415.5 Emergency alarms. Emergency alarms for the detection andnotification of an emergency condition in Group H occupancies shall beprovided as set forth herein.[F] 415.5.1 Storage. An approved manual emergency alarm systemshall be provided in buildings, rooms or areas used for storage ofhazardous materials. Emergency alarm‐initiating devices shall beinstalled outside of each interior exit or exit access door of storagebuildings, rooms or areas. Activation of an emergency alarm‐initiatingdevice shall sound a local alarm to alert occupants of an emergencysituation involving hazardous materials.Sprinklers, emergency alarm are required.IFC?

BARRELS[F] 415.6.1.3 Groups H‐2 and H‐3. Group H‐2 and H‐3 occupanciesshall be set back not less than 50 feet (15 240 mm) where a detachedbuilding is required (see Table 415.6.2).The detached building is never required for H‐3 spirits in casks

BARRELS508.3.3 Separation. No separation is required between nonseparatedoccupancies.Exceptions:1. Group H‐2, H‐3, H‐4 and H‐5 occupancies shall be separated from allother occupancies in accordance with Section 508.4. H‐3Barrel StorageF‐1DistilleryBarrels Mixedwith DistilleryA‐2Tasting RoomA‐2Tasting Room

PEOPLE NEED TO SEE THE STILLS!

BARRELS508.3.3 Separation. No separation is required between nonseparatedoccupancies.Exceptions:1. Group H‐2, H‐3, H‐4 and H‐5 occupancies shall be separated from allother occupancies in accordance with Section 508.4. A minimum of 1 hour separationfrom other occupancies is required.The IFC is not referenced.Therefore, the barrel exceptions do not apply.Typically, in smaller buildings, the entire distillery (except the H‐3barrel room) is a non‐separated mixed use with either F‐1 or A‐2being the most restrictive and the H‐3 room barrel separatedaccordingly.

BARRELSExcerpted from: TABLE 508.4REQUIRED SEPARATION OF OCCUPANCIES (HOURS)OccupancyH‐3 SNSA, E23Ra2NPF‐2, S‐2b, U23Be, F‐1, M, S‐112H‐1NPNPH‐21NPH‐3, H‐41dNPS sprinkledNS not sprinkledN No separation requirementNP Not Permitteda. See Section 420b. Required separation from areas used onlyfor private or pleasure vehicles shall bereduced by 1 hour but not less than 1/2hour.d. Separation is not required betweenoccupancies of the same classification.e. See Section 422.2 for ambulatory carefacilities.

CIRCLE BACK: BARREL EXCEPTIONSWhen do the IFC Exceptions Apply to create Modified H‐3?IBC414.31 CFM/SF Ventilation414.5.1IFCSee IFC & IMCBarrel ExceptionExplosion ControlSee IFCBarrel Exception414.5.3Spill ControlSee IFCBarrel Exception414.5.3Secondary ContainmentSee IFCBarrel Exception415.5Emergency AlarmSame415.4SprinklersSame415.625% Ext. WallSame508.3.3 ex.1 Min. 1 hr. Separation2015 ICC Code ReferencesSame

BARRELSSECTION 414Special Requirements – Hazardous Materials[F] 414.3 Ventilation. Rooms, areas or spaces in which explosive,corrosive, combustible, flammable or highly toxic dusts, mists, fumes,vapors or gases are or storage of materials shall be mechanicallyventilated where required by this code, the International Fire Code orthe International Mechanical Code.Ventilation NOT EXHAUSTSee Fire CodeSee Mechanical Code

BARRELSExcerpted from: TABLE 403.3.1.1MINIMUM VENTILATION RATESOCCUPANCYCLASSIFICATIONOCCUPANTDENSITY #/1000FT2 aPEOPLEOUTDOORAIRFLOW RATE INBREATHINGZONE,Rp CFM/PERSONAREA OUTDOORAIRFLOW RATE INBREATHINGZONE,aR CFM/FT2 aEXHAUSTAIRFLOW RATECFM/FT2 aStorageRepair garages,enclosed parkinggarages ‐‐0.06 CFM/FT2 required forbarrel storage ventilation

BARRELSSECTION 403MECHANICAL VENTILATION403.1 Ventilation system. Mechanical ventilation shall be providedby a method of supply air and return or exhaust air except thatmechanical ventilation air requirements for Group R‐2, R‐3, and R‐4occupancies three stories and less in height above grade plane shall beprovided by an exhaust system, supply system or combination thereof.The amount of supply air shall be approximately equal to the amountof return and exhaust air. The system shall not be prohibited fromproducing negative or positive pressure. The system to conveyventilation air shall be designed an installed in accordance withChapter 6. ventilation is provided by supply airand return OR exhaust. If we used supply & return air, we still need 0.06 CFM of outdoor air. Adding air means we have to move it out – i.e. exhaust. We typically take exhaust from within 12” of the floor due to theproperties of alcohol vapor being heavier than air The remaining fumes to stay under 25% of LFL.

BARRELSSECTION 401GENERAL401.1 Scope. This chapter shall govern the ventilation of spaces withina building intended to be occupied. Mechanical exhaust systems,including exhaust systems serving clothes dryers and cookingappliances; hazardous exhaust systems; dust, stock and refuseconveyor systems; smoke control systems; energy recovery ventilationsystems and other systems specified in Section 502 shall comply withChapter 5.Because we are ventilating withMechanical Exhaust vs.Supply/Return Air – We must go toChapter 5 of the IMC.

BARRELSSECTION 401GENERAL401.1 Scope. This chapter shall govern the ventilation of spaces withina building intended to be occupied. Mechanical exhaust systems,including exhaust systems serving clothes dryers and cookingappliances; hazardous exhaust systems; dust, stock and refuseconveyor systems; smoke control systems; energy recovery ventilationsystems and other systems specified in Section 502 shall comply withChapter 5. FROM COMMENTARYThis section establishes the scope Smokecontrol systems, smoke venting, mechanicalexhaust systems and combustion air suppliesare not within the scope of this chapter but areregulated by other sections of the code Chapter 5 addresses exhaust systems It may be inferred, and supported bycommentary, that Chapter 5requirements apply to cask storage.

BARRELSThe following slides intend to showIMC Chapter 5 requirementsdo not exceedIMC Chapter 4’s requirementof 0.06 CFM/SF2and are supplanted bythe IFC exceptions.

BARRELSSECTION 502REQUIRED SYSTEMS502.1 General. An exhaust system shall be provided, maintainedand operated as specifically required by this section and for alloccupied areas where machines, vats, tanks, furnaces, forges,salamanders and other appliances, equipment and processes insuch areas produce or throw off dust or particles sufficiently light tofloat in the air, or which emit heat, odors, fumes, spray, gas orsmoke, in such quantities so as to be irritating or injurious to healthor safety.

BARRELSSECTION 502REQUIRED SYSTEMS502.1 General. An exhaust system shall be provided, maintainedand operated as specifically required by this section and for alloccupied areas where machines, vats, tanks, furnaces, forges,salamanders and other appliances, equipment and processes insuch areas produce or throw off dust or particles sufficiently light tofloat in the air, or which emit heat, odors, fumes, spray, gas orsmoke, in such quantities so as to be irritating or injurious to healthor safety.The commentary clarifies FROM COMMENTARY Exhaust systemsmust be designed to collect and remove thethe intent is to requirecontaminants This section is written inthe code officialperformance language and requires case-by-caseand designerevaluation by the designer and the code official toto work togetherdetermine the quantity and type of contaminationto design a systempresent, whether any action needs to be taken appropriate tothe specific situation.

BARRELSSECTION 502REQUIRED SYSTEMS502.1 General. An exhaust system shall be provided, maintainedand operated as specifically required by this section and for alloccupied areas where machines, vats, tanks, furnaces, forges,salamanders and other appliances, equipment and processes insuch areas produce or throw off dust or particles sufficiently light tofloat in the air, or which emit heat, odors, fumes, spray, gas orsmoke, in such quantities so as to be irritating or injurious to healthor safety.Using historic data FROM COMMENTARY Exhaust systemsfor alcohol lossmust be designed to collect and remove theduring time in caskcontaminants This section is written in(Angel’s Share)performance language and requires case-by-casewe can demonstrateevaluation by the designer and the code official to0.06 CFM/SF2 ismore than adequatedetermine the quantity and type of contaminationto exhaust the vaporpresent, whether any action needs to be taken faster than it accumulatesto 25% of the LFL.Thereby addressing andmitigating contaminates.

BARRELSSECTION 502EXHAUST SYSTEMS[F]502.8.1 Storage in excess of the maximum allowable quantities. Indoorstorage areas and storage buildings for hazardous materials in amountsexceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area [F] 502.8.1.1 System requirements. Exhaust ventilation systems shallcomply with all of the following: 2. Mechanical ventilation shall be provided at a rate of not less than1 cfm per square foot [0.00508 m3/(s*m2)] of floor area over thestorage area.3. The systems shall operate continuously 1 CFM/SF2required whereMAQs exceeded4. A manual shutoff control shall be provided outside of theroom labeled: VENTILATION SYSTEM EMERGENCY SHUTOFF.5. For fumes or vapors that are heavier than air, exhaust shall betaken from a point within 12 inches (305 mm) of the floor.6. The location of both the exhaust and inlet air openings shall bedesigned to provide air movement across all portions of the flooror room to prevent the accumulation of vapors.7. The exhaust air shall not be recirculated to occupied areas

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BARRELSSECTION 502EXHAUST SYSTEMS[F] 502.8 Hazardous materials – general requirements. Exhaust ventilationsystems for structures containing hazardous materials shall be provided asrequired in Sections 502.8.1 through 502.8.5. FROM COMMENTARY Chapter 50 of the IFCcontains guidance for the storage, dispensing, use andhandling of hazardous materials. Section 5004.3 of theIFC contains the same ventilation requirements asSections 502.8.1 and 502.8.1.1 of the code.The Commentary indicates the IFCcontains the same ventilation requirements.The IFC has no ventilation requirements for barrel storagebecause of the exceptions.Therefore, ventilation (exhaust) is NOT REQUIRED by 502.8 of the IMC.

BARRELSSECTION 502EXHAUST SYSTEMS[F] 502.8 Hazardous materials – general requirements. Exhaust ventilationsystems for structures containing hazardous materials shall be provided asrequired in Sections 502.8.1 through 502.8.5. FROM COMMENTARY Chapter 50 of the IFCcontains guidance for the storage, dispensing, use andhandling of hazardous materials. Section 5004.3 of theIFC contains the same ventilation requirements asSections 502.8.1 and 502.8.1.1 of the code.BUT, this assumption could be challenged.SECTION 102APPLICABILITY[A] 102.1 General. Where there is a conflict between a general requirementand a specific requirement, the specific requirement shall govern. Where, ina specific case, different sections of this code specify different materials,methods of construction or other requirements, the most restrictive shallgovern.

BARRELSSECTION 502EXHAUST SYSTEMS[F]502.9.5 Flammable and combustible liquids. Exhaust ventilationsystems shall be provided as required by Sections Unless otherwisespecified this section shall apply to any quantity of flammable andcombustible liquids.Exception: This section shall not apply to flammable andcombustible liquids that are exempt from the International FireCode. FROM COMMENTARY: Minimum requirements for mechanicalexhaust ventilation for inside areas in which flammable orcombustible liquids are stored are contained in Section 5004.3 ofthe IFC and Section 502.8.1.1 of the code. The use of naturalventilation as an alternative to mechanical ventilation is subject toapproval by the code official (see commentary, Sections 502.9.5.1through 502.9.5.5).

BARRELSIMCSECTION 510HAZARDOUS EXHAUST SYSTEMS510.2 Where required. A hazardous exhaust system shall berequired wherever operations involving the handling or processingof hazardous materials, in the absence of such exhaust systems andunder normal operating conditions, have the potential to createone of the following conditions:1.A flammable vapor, gas, fume, mist or dust is present inconcentrations exceeding 25 percent of the lowerflammability limit of the substance for the expected roomtemperature.

BARRELSSECTION 502EXHAUST SYSTEMS[F]502.9.5 Flammable and combustible liquids.Section 502.9.5 is specific to flammable and combustible liquids.Due to this specificity, it is the key article pertaining to our liquid.It specifically exempts liquids that are exempt in the IFC.Spirits in casks are exempt from ventilation requirements in the IFC.They are therefore exempt from exhaust requirements here in theIMC.Only the warehouse ventilation rate requirement still applies.

BARRELSSpecialty Codes

STACKING METHODSDUNNAGEPALLETIZED ON ENDEND STACKEDSTEEL RACKSWOOD RICKSPALLETIZED WINE RACKStorage over 6’? High Piled Storage RequirementsTOTES No Exception for BarrelsHigh‐Hazard Commodity ClassSmoke VentsDesignated Piles & AislesAccess Doors

COMING SOON IFCCHAPTER 32HIGH‐PILED COMBUSTIBLE STORAGEBarrels are not exempt from the requirements of this chapter.If your district is not using IFC, then similar requirements are foundthroughout various NFPA documents.Barrels are High Hazard Commodity and therefore, if stacked over 6’tall, are considered high piledSome additional building elements that may be required for HPCSinclude ‐Smoke vents or ESFR (Early Suppression Fast Response)sprinklers‐ Fire department access every 100’.‐ Draft curtains‐ Designated aislesWatch for our next specialty presentationor webinar on this subject.

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LIQUID GALLONS (POUNDS) GAS (CUBIC FEET AT NTP) SOLID POINDS (CUBICFEET) LIQUID (POUNDS) Combustible Dust N/A H‐2Note qN/A N/ANote qN/A N/A Note qN/A Combustible Liquid c, i 2 3A 3B H‐2 or H‐3 H‐2 dor H‐3 N/A N/A 120 d,e 330 ,e 13,200 e,f N/A N/A 120d 330d 13,200f N/A N/A 30d 80d 3,300f Flammable d,e Liquid c 1A 1Band d,e1C H‐2 or H .