Transcription
Islam 101World History Hour 5
Why do Jews, Chrsitains, andMuslims all claim the same HolyLand, Palestine?By: Shiv Bhuvane, JeremyPlotkkin, Julia Eigner and AlissaGreen
Why Jews claim the land When they were led out of slaveryfrom Egypt with Moses and Palestinewas the land they crossed. Abraham was a Palestinian when hepresented the idea of a monotheisticreligion. The international community grantedpolitical sovereignty in Palestine to theJews.
Judaism in JerusalemThis is the Western Wall inJerusalem
Why the Muslims Claim the Land Arabs conquered Palestine in the 7 thcentury and was ruled by Muslimdynasties until 1516. Muslim Arabs captured Jerusalem in638 and it has a long history of Muslimrule.
Why the Christians Claim the Land It was the land where Jesus Christ wasborn, lived, and died. Jesus traveled with his disciples toJerusalem to observe Passover. It was the location of the Last Supper. Jesus was crucified just outside thecity, at Golgotha.
Story of the Ka‟ba Built before humans by Adam andthought to be the first building onEarth.Rebuilt by Abraham and sonIshmael.During Muhammad‟s lifetime it mayhave held up to 360 people.In 630, Muhammad cleansed it andit has been empty ever since exceptfor lamps.One of the five pillars in Islamrequires Muslims to perform the Hajjpilgrimage to Mecca in lifetime andwalk around the Ka‟ba.Face Ka‟ba to prayer
Physical Features A black, cube-like structure incenter of Mecca. There is a mosque around it. Most sacred site in Mecca. During Muhammad‟s time about15 feet tall. Rebuilt to be about 43 feet tall. Covered by a black silk and goldcurtain known as the kiswah There is a gold band that runsaround it with Qur'an text. Inside it there is marble andlimestone floor
Ka’baWhat Islam‟s believes of the Ka‟ba Traditional belief that it was built byAbraham and Ishmael-confirmed by theKoranFor Muslims, the Ka‟ba is the “House ofGod”, “Cube” where the divine touchesthe mundane (commonplace)Muslims pray toward the Ka‟ba whereverthey are in the world, rather than facingany directionMuslims do not worship the Ka‟ba and itenvirons-it serves as a focal and unifyingpoint among the peopleDuring the annual pilgrimage of Hajj,Muslims walk around the Ka‟ba in acounter-clockwise direction-this isbelieved because it demonstrates theunity of the believers in the worship of oneGod
Ka’baActs as The Koran says that the Ka‟bawas first built to act as a placefor humanity to worship Allah The Qibla the direction Muslimssalat or pray to. It is believed to have been builtdirectly under an equivalentKa'ba in heaven
Ashley, Emily, Jaz
Pray to Allah (God)Pray facing MeccaMade a holy voyage to MeccaVoyage called the HajjThey face the Ka’ba or a small stone building containing theBlack Stone The Black Stone is believed to be sent from heaven
Allah is GodThe Black Stone was sent from heaven from AllahYou should pray 5 times a daySaudi Arabia was the birth place of MohammedThese who opposed Mohammed made him flee to MedinaHe later returned to Mecca where he died
The Hajj (Pilgrimage toMecca)
Everyone wears a white robecalled Ihram so no one can tellwho is poor or rich. “The garbmarks a transition to sacredspace and time and remindspilgrims of their simple equalitybefore God.”This quest is required for allMuslims that have proper healthand financial resources and not toforget about familyresponsibilities.
Pilgrimage facilities have dramaticallyincreased over the years and annualcrowds are now numbering over 2 million.
Matthew Siegle,Casey Kmak, andLiat LiebermanRamadanThe Islamic Holy Month
Ramadan “High Summer” Fast from sunrise to sunset Read section of Koran for each day of month
Rhythm of life slows drastically Refrain from sensual pleasure andnegative attitudes/complaining
New moon Feast of Fastbreaking(„Id al-Fitr)
Muslimsare forbidden to eat certain foods. Included in this category are pork, blood, foodscooked with or prepared with pork fat (such asdoughnuts or other fried foods), and scav enger animals. Muslims are also not allowed to drink intoxicatedbev erages. Unlike Orthodox Jews, Muslims do not need toseparate between dairy and meat, but they must av oidpork. Some meat is only acceptable if the animal has beenritually slaughtered. Halal is the Islam term for all permitted foods. Thosefoods that are prohibited, such as pork and birds ofprey, are known as Haram, while the foods that arequestionable for consumption are known as Mashbooh.Muslims eat to preserv e their good health, andov erindulgence or the use of stimulants such as tea,coffee, or alcohol are discouraged. Fasting is practicedregularly on Mondays and Thursdays, and more oftenfor six days during Shawwal (the tenth month of theIslamic year) and for the entire month of Ramadan (theninth month). Fasting on these occasions includesabstention from all food and drink from sunrise to sunset.
In the Muslim faith, one must ritually slaughter an animal beforeeating it. The ritual begins by declaring the intention to performthe act religiously. After saying the basmallah (in the name ofGod--- without the names Compassionate and Merciful) andthe takbir (meaning God is supreme), the butcher severs thejugular with a single blade stroke. The butcher must drain as much blood as possible. Thissymbolizes the life force. Muslims consider certain foods traditional for special occasions,all depending on the day/ holiday and who is coming over.
Function of Muslim RulesComparisons The functions of Muslim dietary customsand rituals are to uphold the originalpractices of the religion. With Judaism: The Orthodox Jewish peoplesobservance of keeping kosher has manyparallels to the diets of Muslims.With Christianity: Some Christians observe lentand give up a type of food and sometimescertain meats for a period time. This is similarto the Islam observance of Ramadan.Also with all three religions, diets can also bealtered by a holy day of fasting or etc.
Type of religionPractice or restrictionBuddhism Refrain from meat, v egetarian diet is desirable Natural foods of the earth are consideredModeration in all foods Fasting required of monks most pure Monks avoid all solid food after noon Beef prohibited All other meat and fish Cow is sacred and can't be eaten, butrestricted or avoided Alcohol av oided products of the "sacred" cow are pure andNumerous fasting daysdesirable Fasting promotes spiritual grow thHinduismRationaleIslam Pork and certain birds prohibited Alcoholprohibited Coffee/ tea/ stimulants av oided Fasting from all food and drink during specificperiods Eating is for good health Failure to eatcorrectly minimizes spiritual aw areness Fastinghas a cleansing effect of evil elementsJudaism Pork and shellfish prohibited Meat and dairy at Land animals that do not hav e clovensame meal prohibited Leav ened foodhoov es and that do not chew their cud arerestricted Fasting practicedforbidden as unclean (e.g., hare, pig, camel) Kosher process is based upon the TorahMormonism Alcohol and bev erages containing caffeineprohibited Moderation in all foods FastingpracticedProtestants Few restrictions of food or fasting observations God made all animal and natural productsModeration in eating, drinking, and exercise isfor humans' enjoyment Gluttony andpromoteddrunkenness are sins to be controlledRomanCatholicism Meat restricted on certain days Fastingpracticed Caffeine is addictiv e and leads to poorphysical and emotional health Fasting is thediscipline of self-control and honoring to God Restrictions are consistent with specified daysof the church year
By: Morgan, Sam, and WadePeriod 5
90% of the world’sMuslims are Sunni.Believe that that caliphsare descendents ofMuhammad.Believe that only heirs ofthe first four caliphs arelegitimate religiousleadersEven though they believethis, since 1258 there hasnot been a Muslim leaderthat has held theprominence thatMuhammad did
2nd largest denominationof Islam behind SunniSplit between twodifferent branches:Sevener Shi’ites andTwelver Shi’itesBelieve that the family ofMuhammad are the onlytrue leadersBelieve the legitimatesuccessor is called imam
Green- SunniBlue- Shi‟i The main difference between the twodenominations is that Shi’ites believe that auniversal ruler of Islam must be a descendant ofMuhammad. Sunni’s believe that the caliph(universal leader) doesn’t have to be related toMuhammad
Are Muslim women required toveil their faces?By: Arianne Rick, Becca Ingwers,and Chloe Theobald
Why they wear them: The Koran does not openly say thatMuslim women MUST veilthemselves. It simply tells them todress modestly. However, there is an ambiguoustext in the Koran that states “theyshould draw their veils over theirbosoms ” (Koran 24:31), whichhas caused some Muslim‟s tointerpret that a women‟s headalong with her upper body shouldbe covered.
Types of veils: Some veils are drawnacross the lower face fromside to side, some coverthe face completely, andothers are made ofdifferent textures with slitscut at eye level. Majority of Muslimwomen, however, opt for ahijab, which is a headscarf that simply covers allof their hair.
Types of veils (continued) Some Muslimwomen also chooseto wear a jijab, whichis a flowing gownthat extends down tothe ankles,promoting modestclothing.
What about immigrants? Muslim immigrants whogo to different parts ofthe world, such asEurope or the UnitedStates, usually chooseto continue to wear theirhomeland styles.
What about immigrants?(continued): There are two reasons why Muslimwomen say they continue to use theirfuller coverage clothing. 1. They seek an explicit symbolicconnection with their Islamic practice. 2. They want to make a statement ofpersonal freedom from the generalexploitation of women that theyexperience in society.
Quick Fact! While the veiling of theface has causedcontroversy in manyplaces, very recently,France made it illegal forMuslim women to veil theirfaces within the country.Wearing a face-coveringveil in France now couldresult in a fine or worse.QuickTime and adecompressorare needed to see this picture.
JihadBy: Shannon, Megan,David, and Scott
Definition and Interpretation Jihad is an Arabic word that means “to struggle orto exert oneself.
Response from people In western culture: Islam is often looked uponas a "extremist", "terrorist", or "fundamental"religion. In Islam: Jihad is part of the religion of Islam.
A black, cube-like structure in center of Mecca. There is a mosque around it. Most sacred site in Mecca. During Muhammad‟s time about 15 feet tall. Rebuilt to be about 43 feet tall. Covered by a black silk and gold curtain known as the kiswah There is
