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East Texas ForestlandsCurtis L. VanderSchaafForest Resource Analystcvanderschaaf@tfs.tamu.eduMarch 2010A copy of the East Texas Forestlands factsheet can be downloaded from:http://txforestservice.tamu.edu/EconDev/Pubs

East Texas ForestlandsSeveral sources of data were used to producethe East Texas Forestlands factsheet and slidepresentation:FIA – Forest Inventory andd AnalysislNWOS – National Woodland Owner SurveyHarvest TrendsTimber Price Trends

East Texas ForestlandsForest Inventory and AnalysisThe FIA is a national program designed to quantify the amount of resources in forestlands.Texas Forest Service in conjunctionjwith the USDA Forest Service annuallyy measures 20% of all plotspestablishedin East Texas.Variables include total height, diameter, volume, biomass, etc.All FIA plots in East Texas are measured over a 5‐year period.

East Texas ForestlandsNWOS Harvest Trends,NWOS,Trends and Texas Timber Price TrendsNational Woodland Owner Survey – NWOS assesses forestland ownercharacteristics. Data were obtained from questionnaires sent out from2002 to 2006 to an area weighted sample of 857 East Texas family forestland owners. There was a 45 percent return rate.Harvest Trends ‐ Texas Forest Service conducts an annual assessment of theamount of primary wood products produced in the state and the amountof stumpage purchased by county and exported to other states to produceprimary wood products.produces a bi‐monthlyyTexas Timber Price Trends – Texas Forest Service ppublication reporting average prices paid for standing timber, commonlycalled stumpage price.

East Texas ForestlandsForestland versus TimberlandForestland – land that is at least 10 percent stocked by forest trees of any size orthath hash beenbat leastl10% stockedk d ini theh past, andd not currentlyl developedd ld forf anonforest useTimberland – forestland that is producing or capable of producing in excess of 20cubic feet per acre per yearAll timberland is forestland.Examples of forestland that WOULD NOT BE classified as timberland are an extremely dry sandy, lowfertility site or a marshland which produce less than 20 cubic feet/acre/yr of woody volume growth.Failing to be classified as timberland does not relate to current stocking but rather potential stockingand site productivity.

ForestlandAcresPercent forestland bycounty, 2008Almost all forestland is timberland(99 percent).t)Nearly 39 percent of the region’sTimberland is located in just 10 ofthe 43 counties.12Miillion acresForestland makes up about 54 percentof the East Texas region.Area of timberland, 1992‐200811.51110.510199220032008YearArea of timberland, 2008There were 11,964, 913 acres oftimberland estimated in 2008.Longleaf‐slash pine 2%Eastern redcedar 1%Other 3%Oak‐pineOakpine13%Southern pine forests consist primarily of loblolly pine – about half plantedand half occurring naturally.Loblolly‐shortleaf pine41%Lowlandhardwoods17%Lowland hardwoods consist of the oak‐gum‐cypress and elm‐ash‐cottonwoodforest types.Oak‐hickory24%

ForestlandAcresAcres of timberland planted by species,species 2008Area of timberland by forest type and county, 2008PinePlanted Pine(Other includes bald cypress, cherrybark oak, longleaf pine, Scotchpine and Virginia pine)Oak‐PineRegion 25002500 to 50005000 to 1000010000 to 2000020000 to 35000SpeciesLoblolly pineSE Texas OtherSlash pineAcres1,883,07417,160104,097Loblolly pineNE Texas OtherSlash pine882,61618,2569,34435000 to 5000050000 to 100000100000 to 150000150000 to cottonwoodArea of timberland across all forest types bycounty, 2008200000 to 250000 250000 30000TimberlandNE Texas30000 to 100000100000 to 150000150000 tot 200000200000 to 250000250000 to 300000300000 to 350000350000 to 400000400000 tot 450000450000 to 525000 525000SE Texas

ForestlandOwnershipPercent forestland by county, 2008Other public 3%Private owners, consisting of Timber Investment Management Organizations(TIMOs) and Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) as well as family forestowners,, control 92 ppercent of the timberland.National Forest 5%Questionnaires were sent out from 2002 to 2006 in an area weighted sampleof 857 family forest owners. There was a 45 percent return rate.According to survey resultsresults, timber was harvested on 74 percent ofthe family forest acreage.Private 92%The vast majority of owners possessed small tracts of land while just afew people held large tracts.Response by family forest owner (formerly Non‐Industrial Private Forest, or NIPF), 2006Size of forestTimber activityTimber harvestYesNoNo answerHarvested past 5 yearsAreamillion acrespercent4.81.50.12.37424236Acres1‐910‐1920 4920‐4950‐99100‐1000 1000Areathousand housand percentNumber944555263115178115 1‐

ForestlandStand‐product class by surveyyear, timberland, 1992 to 2008Stand Structure719922003Stand‐product class is the same as stand‐size class.2008Million accres65Sawtimber sized stands constitute 52 ppercent of the region.g43Poletimber sized stands constitute 22 percent.21Sapling‐seedling sized stands make up the remaining 26 dlNonstockedkdYearStand‐diameter by stand‐product class, 4.3Stand‐diameter class (inches d.b.h.)0 to5 to9 to20 to 5 9 20 40thousand acres122.8 876.3 4822.5103.5 2077.7 433.31933.0 807.0 213.652.417.19.12211.6 3778.1 5478.4341.916.322.71.5382.4Sawtimber. As defined by FIA, softwood species 9.0 inches d.b.h and larger and hardwoods 11.0 inches d.b.h. and largerPoletimber. As defined by FIA, softwood species 5.0 to 8.9 inches d.b.h. and hardwoods 5.0 to 10.9 inches d.b.h.Saplings. As defined by FIA, Live trees 1.0 to 4.9 inches d.b.h.Seedlings. As defined by FIA, live trees 1.0 inch d.b.h. and 1 foot tall for hardwoods, 6 inches tall for softwoods

Trees Per AcrePinePlanted PineOak‐PineNone recorded0 to 200200 to 400400 to 600600 to 800800 to 10001000 to 1200Oak‐hickory1200 to 14001400 to 16001600 to 18001800 to 20002000 to 2200Across all forest types,types there was an average of 638 trees per acre.acreOak ‐gum‐cypressElm‐ash‐cottonwood

VolumeStand StructureVolume in live trees by dbh,timberland 1992 to 2008timberland,SoftwoodsBillion cubbic feet1.419922003Softwood volume is 9.5 billion cubic feet for live trees.20081.21Hardwood volume is 7.87 8 billion cubic feet for live trees.trees080.80.60.40.20681012141618202529 2529 Diameter class (inches)Hardwoods1.2Billioon cubic eter class (inches)

VolumeAmountGrowing stock volume of plantationtimberland by species, 2008SpeciesL bl ll pineLoblollyiSE Texas OtherSlash pineft31 642 423 8181,642,423,8187,602,450148,559,642Loblolly pineNE Texas OtherSlash pine812,981,14223 063 62123,063,62110,254,287RegionGrowing stock volume (ft3) on timberlandby forest type and county, 2008PinePlanted PineOak ne recorded0 to 75,000,00075 000 000 to 150,000,00075,000,000150 000 000Oak‐hickory150,000,000 to 225,000,000225,000,000 to 300,000,000300,000,000 to 375,000,000375,000,000 to 450,000,000450,000,000 to 525,000,000525,000,000 to 600,000,000600,000,000 to 675,000,000Pine is more heavily concentrated in the southern region whileoak‐hickory is more plentiful in the northern region.Growing‐stock trees. Live trees that contain at least one 12‐foot or two 8‐foot logs in the saw‐log portion, either currently or potentially, if too small to qualify as a sawlog. The log(s) must meetdimension and merchantability standards to qualify. Trees must have one‐third of the gross board‐foot volume in sound wood, either currently or potentially.

VolumeChangegGrowth to removals ratio and average annual livetree (growing stock in parentheses) growth,removals and mortality for timberlandremovals,timberland,2003 to 2008ItemNet growth‐to‐removalsratioSoftwoodsHardwoods1.17 (1.17)1.62 (1.69)million ftComponent of changeGross growthMortalityNet growthRemovals742.5 (729.4)74.9 (72.1)667.5 (657.3)568.8 (560.2)3381.7 (325.3)74.8 (53.3)306.9 (272.0)189.5 (161.1)Components of change between2003 and 2008ItemSample estimateLand area (1,000 acres)Forestland12128.7Timberland11964.9Reserved forestland126.7Other forestland37.13All live on timberland (million ft )InventoryNet annual growthAnnual mortality*Annual removals17292.3317292974.4149.7758.33Growing stock on timberland (million ft )InventoryNet annual growthAnnual mortality*Annual removals15982.9929.3125.3721.3Sawtimber on timberland (million fbm )InventoryNet annual growthAnnual mortality*Annual removals62897.53517.8536.62616.0* Net annual growth includes annual mortality.The positive net growth‐to‐removals ratios indicate growth exceededremovals.For private lands, the ratio across all species was 1.33 for all trees and1.31 for growing stock trees.

BiomassStanding Biomass (oven‐dry tons) – Aboveground Wood and BarkSoftwood biomass is 206.1 million oven‐dry tons for live trees (dbh of 1.0inch or greater).Hardwood biomass is 238.7238 7 million ovenoven‐drydry tons for live trees.treesStanding biomass (oven‐dry tons) of all trees on forestland byforest type and county, 2008PiPinePl t d PinePlantedPiO k PiOak‐PineBiomass of all trees (oven‐dry tons) onplantation forestland by species, 2008RegionSpeciesOven‐dry tonsLoblolly pine46,488,146SE Texas Other221,687Slash pine4,464,736Loblolly pineNE Texas OtherSlash pine22,924,925539,690278,597Standing biomass (oven‐dry tons) of all trees onforestland by county, 2008None recorded0 to 500,000500 000NE Texas500,000 to 1,000,0001,000,000 to 3,000,0001,000,000 to 4,000,0003,000,000 to 5,000,0004,000,000 to 7,000,0005,000,000 to 7,000,000O k hi kOak‐hickory7,000,000 to 9,000,0000O kOak‐gum‐cypressElElm‐ash‐cottonwoodh ttd7,000,000 to 10,000,0009,000,000 to 11,000,000010,000,000 to 13,000,00011,000,000 to 13,000,00013,000,000 to 16,000,00013,000,000 to 15,000,00016,000,000 to 19,000,00019,000,000 to 22,000,000SE Texas

BiomassAverage Standing Biomass Per AcreAverage standing biomass (oven‐dry tons) per acre of alltrees on forestland by county, 2008PinePlanted PineOak‐PineNone recorded0 to 1010 to 2020 to 3030 to 4040 to 5050 to 6060 to 7070 to 8080 to 9090 to 100100 to 110Oak hickoryOak‐hickoryOak gum cypressOak‐gum‐cypressElm ash cottonwoodElm‐ash‐cottonwood

Logging ResidueHarvesting operations produce logging residue – or biomass – thatcan potentially be used to produce bioenergy and biofuel.An estimated 2.3 million green tons of logging residue (including tops,limbs, and unutilized cull trees but excluding stumps) was generatedduring 2008 harvests.Due to logisticslogistics, harvesting techniques,techniques and economics,economics not alllogging residue will be available for bioenergy/biofuel production – somebelieve only 30 to 60% of residues will be utilizable.Logging residue (green tons per acre), 20080 to 20,00020,000 to 40,00040 000 to 60,00040,00060 00060,000 to 80,00080,000 to 100,000100,000 to 120,000120,000 to 140,000140,000 to 160,000160,000 to 180,000180,000 to 200,000

Acres Planted by YearBoth the number of family forest (formerlynon‐industrial private forest landowners)and the total number (also includes privatecompanies and public agencies) of acresplanted have declined over the pastdecade.‘Year’ refers to fiscal year. For example,fiscal year 2006 began on Oct 1, 2005 andendedd d Sept. 30, 2006.All species are included.Number of amily forest48,35843,181,48,43833,16426,35836,89633 75114,39290,193113,686103 601103,60192,030105,93686,546