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The Complete Bookof Locks andLocksmithingBill PhillipsSixth EditionMcGraw-HillNew YorkChicago San Francisco Lisbon London MadridMexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan SeoulSingapore Sydney Toronto

Copyright 2005 by Bill Phillips. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. Except as permitted under theUnited States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, orstored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher.0-07-158896-5The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: 0-07-144829-2.All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps.McGraw-Hill eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporatetraining programs. For more information, please contact George Hoare, Special Sales, at george hoare@mcgraw-hill.com or (212)904-4069.TERMS OF USEThis is a copyrighted work and The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (“McGraw-Hill”) and its licensors reserve all rights in and to thework. Use of this work is subject to these terms. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976 and the right to store andretrieve one copy of the work, you may not decompile, disassemble, reverse engineer, reproduce, modify, create derivative worksbased upon, transmit, distribute, disseminate, sell, publish or sublicense the work or any part of it withoutMcGraw-Hill’s prior consent. You may use the work for your own noncommercial and personal use; any other use of the work isstrictly prohibited. Your right to use the work may be terminated if you fail to comply with these terms.THE WORK IS PROVIDED “AS IS.” McGRAW-HILL AND ITS LICENSORS MAKE NO GUARANTEES OR WARRANTIESAS TO THE ACCURACY, ADEQUACY OR COMPLETENESS OF OR RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED FROM USING THEWORK, INCLUDING ANY INFORMATION THAT CAN BE ACCESSED THROUGH THE WORK VIA HYPERLINK OR OTHERWISE, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ANY WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TOIMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. McGraw-Hill and itslicensors do not warrant or guarantee that the functions contained in the work will meet your requirements or that its operation willbe uninterrupted or error free. Neither McGraw-Hill nor its licensors shall be liable to you or anyone else for any inaccuracy, erroror omission, regardless of cause, in the work or for any damages resulting therefrom. McGraw-Hill has no responsibility for the content of any information accessed through the work. Under no circumstances shall McGraw-Hill and/or its licensors be liable for anyindirect, incidental, special, punitive, consequential or similar damages that result from the use of or inability to use the work, evenif any of them has been advised of the possibility of such damages. This limitation of liability shall apply to any claim or causewhatsoever whether such claim or cause arises in contract, tort or otherwise.DOI: 10.1036/0071448292

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For more information about this title, click hereContentsForeword by Greg Mango, Editor, The National LocksmithPrefacexiAcknowledgmentsxiiChapter 1. A Short History of the LockWho Invented the Lock?EgyptGreeceRomeEuropeEnglandAmericaEarly American Lock CompaniesA Brief History of Automobile Locks in the United StatesChapter 2. Tools of the TradeElectric DrillsCordless DrillsKey Cutting MachinesWorkbenchChapter 3. Types of Locks and KeysWhat Is a LockLock NamesLock GradesKey TypesKey Blank IdentificationKey Blank ExamplesLook-Alike KeysNeuter Bowsix1112256912131515171818373738464748505457iii

ivContentsChapter 4. Warded LocksTypesConstructionOperationRepairWarded KeysChapter 5. Lever Tumbler LocksPartsOperationRepairsVarieties of Lever Tumbler LocksLever Tumbler Lock KeysChapter 6. Disc Tumbler LocksOperationDisassemblyKeyingSecurityCam LocksReading Disc Tumbler LocksDouble-Bitted Disc Tumbler LocksChapter 7. Pin Tumbler LocksConstructionDisassemblyAssemblyChoosing a Pin Tumbler LocksetPin Tumbler Cylinder Mortise LocksThe Cylinder KeyChapter 8. High-Security Mechanical LocksUnderwriters Laboratories ListingKey ControlLock and Key PatentsTypes of High-Security Mechanical LocksChapter 9. MasterkeyingCoding SystemsMaster Key SystemsMasterkeying Warded LocksMasterkeying Lever Tumbler locksMaterkeying Disc Tumbler locksMasterkeying Pin Tumbler 54

ContentsDeveloping the Master Key SystemMaster Key System VariationsA Simple Master Key SystemChapter 10. Detention Locks and HardwareTypes of LocksElectric StrikesChoosing the Right EquipmentChapter 11. Buying and Selling SafesTypes of SafesSafe StylesInstalling an In-Floor SafeMoving SafesSpecial Safe FeaturesUnderwriters Laboratories Fire Safe RatingsUnderwriters Laboratories Burglary Safe StandardSelling More SafesChapter 12. Keyed PadlocksChoosing a PadlockWarded PadlocksWafer Disc PadlocksPin Tumbler PadlocksMajor Padlock Manufacturers and Their ProductsHelpful 8190195195196198199201215Chapter 13. Home and Business Services217Common Problems and TroubleshootingCorbin Cylindrical LocksetsThe MAG Ultra 700 DeadboltM.A.G. Engineering and Mfg., Inc.The Schlage G Series LocksetStrike PlatesM.A.G.’s Install-A-LockExit Alarm Locks and Panic Bar Deadlocks217219234236245268272276Chapter 14. Lock Picking and ImpressioningPicking Pin Tumbler LocksWhy Pin Tumbler Locks Can be PickedRakingUsing a Pick GunLock Picking TipsPicking High-Security Cylinders297297297300301301305

viContentsThe Need for PracticeImpressioning LocksOther Useful Equipment and SuppliesPopular Impressioning TechniqueAlternative Impressioning MethodProblems with ImpressioningImpressioning PracticeWarded Bit-Key Locks306306307308310310311311Chapter 15. Servicing Automotive Locks313Vehicle Identification NumbersBasics of Automobile Lock ServicingDoor LocksIgnition LocksGlove-Compartment LocksTrunk LocksTranspondersAmerican Motors CorporationAudiBMWChryslerDatsunFordGeneral MotorsServicing General Motors Vehicles with VATSHondaChapter 16. Opening Locked CarsOpening Locked CarsCar-Opening TechniquesThe Long-Reach ToolCar-Opening Dispatch ProcedureChapter 17. Emergency and Forced Entry ProceduresDrilling Pin Tumbler LocksCylinder RemovalWindow EntrancesOffice LocksDoorsUnlocking Thumbcuffs, Handcuffs, and LegcuffsForced EntryChapter 18. Combination 353355359361361362

ContentsDrillingChanging CombinationsOther Keyless Locksvii363363368Chapter 19. Electrical Access and Exit Control Systems401Electric Release Latch StrikesCircuitryElectric Door OpenersElectrified Mortise LocksElectrified Knob LocksElectromagnetic LocksElectrical Keyless LocksKey-Actuated Switches401411418429432441449455Chapter 20. Working as a Locksmith461Finding a JobBusiness ConsiderationsThe Locksmith and the Law461472483Chapter 21. Key Duplicating Machines487Critical Design FactorsFramon’s DBM-1 Flat Key MachineIlco’s KD50A487490493Chapter 22. Test Your Knowledge501Registered Professional Locksmith Answer Sheet509Chapter 23. Making Locks by Hand511A Warded Bit-Key Lock with DeadboltEnglish Iron Rim Lock511521Chapter 24. Answers to Frequently Asked QuestionsAppendix A. Manufacturers 533Appendix B. Locksmith Suppliers’ Profiles and Addresses545Appendix C. Miscellaneous Important Addresses, Phone Numbers, Web SitesAppendix D. Locksmithing Schools and Training Programs553Appendix E. Depth and Space Charts559Index 571About the Author589525549

To Patricia Bruce not only because she isa good friend and a fine writer but alsobecause she listened . . . and listened . . .and listened.

ForewordThe knowledge, skill, and expertise of any true professional often can be gauged bythe library of literature that he or she keeps and has read. In the often mysterious,secretive, and intriguing world of locks and locksmithing, no true professional,aficionado, or curiosity seeker would be without The Complete Book of Locks andLocksmithing, 6th edition. Just as the title states, this is by far the most complete,informative, and all-encompassing piece of literature ever assembled between twocovers on this subject.As a 21-year veteran of the locksmith trade, I can tell you that the scope of thisbook (covering one of the oldest trades known to humans) is much broader thanone would think. The locksmith profession is also often one of the most challenging and rewarding. There are few things in life that are dearer to anyone than thesecurity of their family and worldly possessions. Having the knowledge and abilityto instill and incorporate security, eliminating the helpless sense of vulnerability,is what locksmithing is all about. However, to accomplish this task, knowledge ofall the available security devices and an intimate knowledge of their operation andapplications are necessary. Enveloping yourself within the pages of this book certainly will set you on the right path.The test of any good source of information is that it is one that you refer to againand again. This is sure to be the case with The Complete Book of Locks andLocksmithing, 6th edition. This is so much more than a “book” on locks and locksmithing. It is an encyclopedia of locks and locksmithing. It is a reference manualfrom which anyone at any level of skill or experience can glean a wealth of information. It is an informative, well-studied, impeccably presented piece of work thatrequired an exhaustive amount of research, cataloging, organizing, and writing toassemble and publish. This is a daunting task, demanding the talents of a skilledwriter and locksmith, and Bill Phillips certainly possesses the necessary requirements to accomplish it.Bill Phillips is a knowledgeable locksmith and talented writer. He is one ofthose individuals who possess the rare ability to make a wide variety of complicated topics enjoyable to read and easy to understand. This is a sure sign of atalented, versatile writer.When Bill Phillips asked me to write this Foreword, I was honored and flattered. I am privileged to have Bill Phillips’ name included on my masthead ofcontributing writers. As editor of The National Locksmith magazine, I cherish hiscontributions on security-related topics. The National Locksmith is the oldestand most respected locksmith trade journal in the industry, serving locksmiths andsecurity professionals since 1929. This monthly magazine has a group of the mostexperienced and well-respected writers in the field of locksmithing. In 2004, BillPhillips became one of the distinguished elite to join The National Locksmith’s outstanding team of contributing writers, and I couldn’t be more excited to have him.ixCopyright 2005 by Bill Phillips. Click here for terms of use.