Transcription
MAKE IT STICKTHE SCIENCE OF SUCCESSFULLEARNINGPeter C. BrownHenry L. Roediger IIIMark A. McDanielpresented by: Andria ColeSenior ELA Instructional FacilitatorTalent Development SecondaryDIGITAL ART - Professional PowerPoint Template 2014 1
“People generally are going aboutlearning the wrong ways.”DIGITAL ART - Professional PowerPoint Template 2014
What is learning?“Acquiring knowledge and skills and having themreadily available from memory so you can makesense of future problems and opportunities.”
4
CLAIM #1Learning is deeper and more durable when it iseffortful.DIGITAL ART - Professional PowerPoint Template 2014 5
CLAIM #2We are poor judges ofwhen we are learning welland when we’re not.DIGITAL ART - Professional PowerPoint Template 2014 6
CLAIM #3Rereading text and massed practice areamong the least productive study strategies.AGAINDIGITAL ART - Professional PowerPoint Template 2014 7
CLAIM #4Retrieval practice is a more effectivelearning strategy than review byrereading.DIGITAL ART - Professional PowerPoint Template 2014 8
CLAIM #5Interleaving produces longer lastinglearning and enables more versatileapplication.DIGITAL ART - Professional PowerPoint Template 2014 9
CLAIM #6Trying to solve a problem before beingtaught the solution leads to betterlearning, even when errors are made inthe attempt.DIGITAL ART - Professional PowerPoint Template 2014 10
CLAIM #7The popular notion that you learn betterwhen you receive instruction in a formconsistent with your preferred learningstyle is not supported by empiricalresearch.DIGITAL ART - Professional PowerPoint Template 2014 11
CLAIM #8When you’re adept at extracting theunderlying principles or “rules” thatdifferentiate types of problems, you’remore successful at picking the rightsolutions in unfamiliar situations.DIGITAL ART - Professional PowerPoint Template 2014 12
CLAIM #9We’re all susceptible to illusions that canhijack our judgment of what we knowand can do. Testing helps calibrate ourjudgments of what we’ve learned. Invirtually all areas of learning, you buildbetter mastery when you use testing asa tool to identify and bring up your areasof weakness.DIGITAL ART - Professional PowerPoint Template 2014 13
CLAIM #10If you’re just engaging in mechanicalrepetition, it’s true, you quickly hit thelimit of what you can keep in mind.However, if you practice elaboration,there’s no known limit to how much youcan learn.DIGITAL ART - Professional PowerPoint Template 2014 14
CLAIM #11Putting new knowledge into a largercontext helps learning. The more waysyou can give a story meaning, the betterthe story stays with you.DIGITAL ART - Professional PowerPoint Template 2014 15
CLAIM #12People who learn to extract the keyideas from new material and organizethem into a mental model and connectthat model to prior knowledge show anadvantage in learning complex mastery.DIGITAL ART - Professional PowerPoint Template 2014 16
CLAIM #13Every time you learn something new,you change the brain—the residue ofyour experiences is stored. In otherwords, the elements that shape yourintellectual abilities lie to a surprisingextent within your own control.DIGITAL ART - Professional PowerPoint Template 2014 17
SO NOW WHAT?# How are we to put these claims to work?DIGITAL ART - Professional PowerPoint Template 2014 18
THE RESEARCH SUGGESTSPRACTICERETRIEVALMIX UP PRACTICEEMBRACEDIFFICULTIES Space out practice. Make an effort to recallconcepts from memory. Interleave learning withother learning. Reflect on what you’velearned from time to time. Know that learning is athree step process. Vary practice. Call on prior knowledge. Beware the familiaritytrap. Use information to keepretrieval routes strong. “Learn from experience”by spacing, interleaving,and varying practice. Establish retrieval cues. Test immediately after alecture. Test at spaced intervals. Delay feedback.AVOID ILLUSIONSOF KNOWINGGET BEYONDYOUR LEARNINGSTYLES Let concepts get rusty.INCREASE YOURABILITIES Cultivate analysis. Be the one in charge. Trust the brain’smutability. Know that memory isdistorted. Embrace the notion ofsuccessful intelligence. Maintain a growthmindset. Beware imaginationinflation. Adopt active learningstrategies. Practice deliberately. Calibrate your judgment. Distill the underlyingprinciples. Use memory cues. Self-discipline andpersist.DIGITAL ART - Professional PowerPoint Template 2014 19
SOMEPRACTICAL TIPSFOR THESTUDENT Take charge of learning. Accept and even embrace that learning isdifficult and rise to the challenge. Make a habit of these three keystone studystrategies: Practice retrieving new learning frommemory. Space out your retrieval practice. Interleave the study of different problemtypes.Supplement these strategies with:elaboration, reflection, calibration,and mnemonic devices.DIGITAL ART - Professional PowerPoint Template 2014 20
SOMEPRACTICAL TIPSFOR THEPARENT Ask students to talk about what they’ve learned inclass without the textbook or notes on hand.Discuss what they’ve said. Have them use their notes to give themselvesseveral low stakes self-quizzes for each classacross a semester. Help them set up notes for practicing retrievalrather than rereading. Ask students to attempt the problems associatedwith a particular chapter before they even step inthe classroom door. (As long as anymisconceptions are corrected, they will benefitfrom the effort.)DIGITAL ART - Professional PowerPoint Template 2014 21
SOMEPRACTICAL TIPSFOR THEPARENT Encourage students to identify and then notdepend on their preferred learning style. Have them practice several types of examplesrather than hone in on a particular one for asustained period of time. Tell them to getcomfortable with the discomfort! Facilitate experiences of elaboration. Have them apply what they’ve learn to newsituations. Teach them to summarize. When you can, demonstrate your metacognitionand connection to prior knowledge aloud.DIGITAL ART - Professional PowerPoint Template 2014 22
WHAT ITLOOKS LIKEIN MOTIONDIGITAL ART - Professional PowerPoint Template 2014 23
PRACTICE RETRIEVALAn excerpt of my child’s noteslooks like this:The Americans withDisabilities Act of 1990(ADA) strengthenedprotections for peoplewith disabilities byrequiring employers tomakeaccommodations andprohibitingdiscrimination.Rather thanhave her readthis fact overand over again,I’m going to have her formulate aquestion and answer it.What’s one way theADA strengthenprotections forpeople withdisabilities?The ADAstrengthenedprotections fordisabled people byrequiring employersto makeaccommodations.DIGITAL ART - Professional PowerPoint Template 2014 24
ELABORATECreate Experiences ofElaborationDIGITAL ART - Professional PowerPoint Template 2014 25
relinquishre – lin- quishWhat part of speech? (action word)to give up;to give over to;to surrenderDIGITAL ART - Professional PowerPoint Template 2014
relinquishIf you want to reach a state of bliss, make a decision to relinquish theneed to control, the need to be approved,and the need to judge.--Deepak ChopraDIGITAL ART - Professional PowerPoint Template 2014
relinquishNever relinquish your clothing orshoes without saying exactly whenyou want them back.DIGITAL ART - Professional PowerPoint Template 2014
Would you relinquish your cellphone for a used car?DIGITAL ART - Professional PowerPoint Template 2014
REAL-LIFE CONTROVERSYDo you thinkadoptive parentsshould beallowed torelinquishcustody of an outof-control child?Why or why not?DIGITAL ART - Professional PowerPoint Template 2014
MIX UP PRACTICEMy child’s test schedule lookslike this:Next Wednesday:Social studies quizNext Thursday: End ofthe unit math testNext Friday: EnglishexamRather thanhave him studythe night beforeeachassessment have him study a subject,leave it be, study somethingelse and another somethingelse and then circle backaround.Sunday night: Selfquiz social studiesMonday night: Selfquiz mathTuesday night: Selfquiz social studiesand EnglishWednesday night:Self-quiz mathDIGITAL ART - Professional PowerPoint Template 2014 31
EMBRACE DIFFICULTYRemind your child that learningis a three-step process.Encodi ConsRetrievalng olidationDIGITAL ART - Professional PowerPoint Template 2014 32
AVOID ILLUSIONS OFKNOWINGYour child may not knoweverything she thinks sheknows!For this reason,it’s importantthat shecalibrate herjudgment.Peer instruction canhelp tremendously!Encourage her to startand keep a diversestudy group.DIGITAL ART - Professional PowerPoint Template 2014 33
GO BEYOND LEARNING STYLEEncourage your child to embrace thenotion of successful intelligence!“Go wide: don’t roost in a pigeonholeof your preferred learning style buttake command of your resources andtap all of your “intelligences” tomaster the knowledge or skill youwant to possess. Describe what youwant to know, do, or accomplish.Then list the competencies required,what you need to learn, and whereyou can find the knowledge or skill.Then go get it.”DIGITAL ART - Professional PowerPoint Template 2014 34
CONTACT MEAndria Cole, Senior ELA Instructional pub/andria-cole/13/202/988TALENT DEVELOPMENTSECONDARY2701 N. Charles Street, Suite 300, Baltimore, MD2121835
16.11.2015 · Make a habit of these three keystone study strategies: Practice retrieving new learning from memory. Space out your retrieval practice. Interleave the study of different problem types. FOR THE STUDENT Supplement these strategies with: elaboration, reflection, calibration, and File Size: 1MBPage Count: 35
