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Further Readings  329Critical Thinking Questions  330Chapter 15   The Last Great Nomadic Challenges: FromChinggis Khan to Timur  331The Transcontinental Empire of Chinggis Khan  333The Mongol Drive to the West  339The Mongol Interlude in Chinese History  343Global Connections and Critical Themes: The MongolLinkages  349Further Readings  349Critical Thinking Questions  350Chapter 16   The World in 1450: Changing Balance ofWorld Power  351Key Changes in the Middle East  353The Structure of Transregional Trade  354The Rise of the West  356Outside the World Network  362Global Connections and Critical Themes: 1450 and theWorld  365Further Readings  366Critical Thinking Questions  366Part III AP Test Prep  367Part IVThe Early Modern Period, 1450–1750:The World Shrinks   377Chapter 17   The World Economy  384The West’s First Outreach: Maritime Power  385The Columbian Exchange of Disease and Food  391Toward A World Economy  393Colonial Expansion  396Global Connections and Critical Themes: The WorldEconomy—and the World  403Further Readings  403Critical Questions  404Chapter 18   The Transformation of the West, 1450–1750  405The First Big Changes: Culture and Commerce,1450–1650  407The Commercial Revolution  412The Scientific Revolution: The Next Phase of Change  415Political Change  417The West by 1750  420Global Connections and Critical Themes: Europe and theWorld  424Further Readings  424Critical Thinking Questions  424Chapter 19   Early Latin America  425Spaniards and Portuguese: From Reconquest toConquest  427The Destruction and Transformation of IndigenousSocieties  435Colonial Economies and Governments  436Brazil: The First Plantation Colony  441Multiracial Societies  443The 18th-Century Reforms  446Global Connections and Critical Themes: Latin AmericanCivilization and the World Context  451Further Readings  451Critical Thinking Questions  452Chapter 20   Africa and the Africans in the Age of the Atlantic Slave Trade  453Africa and the Creation of an Atlantic System  454The Atlantic Slave Trade  456African Societies, Slavery, and the Slave Trade  460White Settlers and Africans in Southern Africa  467The African Diaspora  469Global Connections and Critical Themes: Africa and theAfrican Diaspora in World Context  476Further Readings  476Critical Thinking Questions  477Chapter 21   The Rise of Russia  478Russia’s Expansionist Politics under the Tsars  479Russia’s First Westernization, 1690–1790  483Themes in Early Modern Russian History  489Global Connections and Critical Themes: Russia and theWorld  492Further Readings  492Critical Thinking Questions  492Chapter 22   The Muslim Empires  493The Ottomans: From Frontier Warriors to EmpireBuilders  495The Shi’a Challenge of the Safavids  504The Mughals and the Apex of Muslim Civilization inIndia  510Global Connections and Critical Themes: GunpowderEmpires and the Restoration of the Islamic Bridge amongCivilizations  518Further Readings  518Critical Thinking Questions  519Chapter 23   Asian Transitions in an Age of Global Change  520The Asian Trading World and the Coming of the Europeans  522Ming China: A Global Mission Refused  529Fending Off the West: Japan’s Reunification and theFirst Challenge  538Contents   A01 STEA7705 07 SE FM.indd 7vii 19/11/13 8:02 PM

Global Connections and Critical Themes: An Age of EurasianProto-Globalization  542Further Readings  542Critical Thinking Questions  543Part IV AP Test Prep 544Part VThe Dawn of the Industrial Age,1750–1900  554Chapter 24   The Emergence of Industrial Society in theWest, 1750–1900  561Context for Revolution  562The Age of Revolution  564The Industrial Revolution: First Phases  569The Consolidation of the Industrial Order, 1850–1900  571Cultural Transformations  576Western Settler Societies  579Diplomatic Tensions and World War I  583Global Connections and Critical Themes: Industrial Europeand the World  585Further Readings  585Critical Thinking Questions  586Chapter 25   Industrialization and Imperialism:The Making of the European Global Order  587The Shift to Land Empires in Asia  590Industrial Rivalries and the Partition of the World,1870–1914  597Patterns of Dominance: Continuity and Change  601Global Connections and Critical Themes: A EuropeanDominated Early Phase of Globalization  610Further Readings  610Critical Thinking Questions  611Chapter 26   The Consolidation of Latin America,1810–1920  612From Colonies to Nations  614New Nations Confront Old and New Problems  618Latin American Economies and World Markets,1820–1870  620Societies in search of themselves  628Global Connections and Critical Themes: New LatinAmerican Nations and the World  637Further Readings  637Critical Thinking Questions  638Chapter 27   Civilizations in Crisis: The Ottoman Empire,the Islamic Heartlands, and Qing China  639From Empire to Nation: Ottoman Retreat and the Birthof Turkey  641Western Intrusions and the Crisis in the Arab IslamicHeartlands  644viiiThe Rise and Fall of the Qing Dynasty  650Global Connections and Critical Themes: Muslim andChinese Retreat and a Shifting Global Balance  660Further Readings  660Critical Thinking Questions  661Chapter 28   Russia and Japan: Industrialization outsidethe West  662Russia’s Reforms and Industrial Advance  664Protest and Revolution in Russia  670Japan: Transformation without Revolution  673Global Connections and Critical Themes: Russia and Japan inthe World  681Further Readings  682Critical Thinking Questions  682Part V AP Test Prep   683Part VIThe Newest Stage of World History:1900–Present  693Chapter 29   Descent into the Abyss: World War I andthe C risis of the European Global Order  701The Coming of the Great War  704A World at War  706Failed Peace and Global Turmoil  713The Nationalist Assault on the European Colonial Order  714Global Connections and Critical Themes: World War andGlobal Upheavals  727Further Readings  727Critical Thinking Questions  728Chapter 30   The World between the Wars: Revolutions,Depression, and Authoritarian Response  729The Roaring Twenties  730Revolution: The First Waves  736The Global Great Depression  748The Nazi Response  751Authoritarianism and New Militarism in Key Regions  753Global Connections and Critical Themes: EconomicDepression, Authoritarian Response, and DemocraticRetreat  762Further Readings  762Critical Thinking Questions  764Chapter 31   A Second Global Conflict and the End of theEuropean World Order  765Old and New Causes of a Second World War  767Unchecked Aggression and the Coming of War in Europeand the Pacific  770The Conduct of a Second Global War  772War’s End and the Emergence of the Superpower Standoff inthe Cold War  780Contents A01 STEA7705 07 SE FM.indd 819/11/13 8:02 PM

Nationalism and Decolonization in South and Southeast Asiaand Africa  781Global Connections and Critical Themes: Persisting Trendsin a World Transformed by War  789Further Readings  789Critical Thinking Questions  790Chapter 32   Western Society and Eastern Europe in theDecades of the Cold War  791After World War II: A New International Setting for theWest  793The Resurgence of Western Europe  796Cold War Allies: The United States, Canada, Australia, andNew Zealand  802Culture and Society in the West  804Eastern Europe After World War II: A Soviet Empire  809Soviet Culture: Promoting New Beliefs and Institutions  812Global Connections and Critical Themes: The Cold War andthe World  819Further Readings  819Critical Thinking Questions  820Chapter 33   Latin America: Revolution and Reaction into the21st Century  821Latin America After World War II  823Radical Options in the 1950s  825The Search for Reform and the Military Option  831Societies in Search of Change  837Global Connections and Critical Themes: Struggling Towardthe Future in a Global Economy  841Further Readings  842Critical Thinking Questions  842Chapter 34   Africa, the Middle East, and Asia in the Era ofIndependence  843The Challenges of Independence  845Postcolonial Options for Achieving Economic Growthand Social Justice  856Delayed Revolutions: Religious Revivalism and LiberationMovements in Settler Societies  862Global Connections and Critical Themes: PostcolonialNations in the Cold War World Order  867Further Readings  868Critical Thinking Questions  868Chapter 35   Rebirth and Revolution: Nation-Building inEast Asia and the Pacific Rim  869East Asia in the Postwar Settlements  871The Pacific Rim: More Japans?  877Mao’s China: Vanguard of World Revolution  882Colonialism and Revolution in Vietnam  889Global Connections and Critical Themes: East Asia and thePacific Rim in the Contemporary World  894Further Readings  895Critical Thinking Questions  896Chapter 36   Power, Politics, and Conflict in World History,1990–2014  897The End of the Cold War  898The Spread of Democracy  906The Great Powers and New Disputes  908The United States as Sole Superpower  911Global Connections and Critical Themes: New GlobalStandards, New Divisions  915Further Readings  916Critical Thinking Questions  917Chapter 37   Globalization and Resistance  918Global Industrialization  919Globalization: Causes and Processes  922The Global Environment  929Resistance and Alternatives  932Toward the Future  936Global Connections and Critical Themes: Civilizations andGlobal Forces  937Further Readings  937Critical Thinking Questions  938Part VI AP Test Prep 939CreditsIndexC-1I-1Contents   A01 STEA7705 07 SE FM.indd 9ix 19/11/13 8:02 PM

FeaturesMaps1.1 The Spread of Human Populations, c. 10,000 b.c.e.  121.2 The Spread of Agriculture  142.1 Early Sumer  232.2 Mesopotamia in Maps  262.3 Egypt, Kush, and Axum, Successive Dynasties  282.4 India in the Age of Harappa and the Early Aryan Migrations  312.5 China in the Shang and Zhou Eras  333.1 The Era of Nomadic Incursions and Warring States  573.2 China from the Later Zhou Era to the Han Era  603.3 Ancient Capitals  694.1 India at the Time of Ashoka  794.2 The Gupta Empire  804.3 The Spread of Buddhism in Asia, 400 b.c.e.–600 c.e.  854.4 Eurasian and African Trading Goods and Routes, c. 300 b.c.e.to 300 c.e.  915.1 The Persian Empire in Its Main Stages  975.2 Greece and Greek Colonies of the World, c. 431 b.c.e.  995.3 Alexander’s Empire and the Hellenistic World,c. 323 b.c.e.  1005.4 The Expansion of the Roman Republic, 133 b.c.e.  1026.1 Trade Routes at the End of the Classical Era  1216.2 Civilizations of Central and South America  1236.3 Germanic Kingdoms after the Invasions  1316.4 The Mediterranean, Middle East, Europe, and North Africa,c. 500 c.e.1326.5 Major Religions of the Modern World  1367.1 Arabia and Surrounding Areas Before and During the Timeof Muhammad  1597.2 The Expansion of Islamic Civilization, 622–750  1687.3 Emergence of the Abbasid Dynasty  1748.1 The Abbasid Empire at Its Peak  1858.2 The Spread of Islam, 10th–16th Centuries  1918.3 Early Islam in India  1948.4 The Spread of Islam in Southeast Asia  2019.1 Empires of the Western Sudan  2109.2 The Swahili Coast; African Monsoon Routes and MajorTrade Routes  21610.1 The Byzantine Empire under Justinian  22810.2 The Byzantine Empire, 1000–1100  23310.3 East European Kingdoms and Slavic Expansion c.1000  23611.1 Charlemagne’s Empire and Successor States  24611.2 Western Europe toward the End of the Middle Ages,c. 1360 c.e.  25011.3 Leading Trade Routes Within Western and Central Europe and to the Mediterranean  25712.1 Central Mexico and Lake Texcoco  26912.2 Inca Expansion  27612.3 The Ancient Cities of Peru  27813.1 China During the Age of Division  28913.2 The Sui Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty  29013.3 China in the Song and Southern Song Dynastic Periods  29714.1 Key Centers of Civilization in East Asia in the First Millennium c.e.  30914.2 Japan in the Imperial and Warlord Periods  31114.3 The Korean Peninsula During the Three Kingdoms Era  32014.4 South China and Vietnam on the Eve of the Han Conquest  32315.1 The Transcontinental Empire of Chinggis Khan  33215.2 The Four Khanates of the Divided Mongol Empire  34015.3 The Mongol Empire and the Global Exchange Network  34216.1 Polynesian Expansion  36317.1 Spain and Portugal: Explorations and Colonies  38817.2 French, British, and Dutch Holdings, c. 1700  39118.1 Western Europe During the Renaissance and Reformation  41018.2 Europe under Absolute Monarchy, 1715  41218.3 European Population Density, c. 1600  41419.1 Major Spanish Expeditions of Conquest in and fromthe Caribbean Region  429x A01 STEA7705 07 SE FM.indd 1019/11/13 8:02 PM

19.2 Colonial Brazil  43030.2 Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, 1919–1939  73519.3 Spanish and Portuguese South America around 1800  44830.3 China in the Era of Revolution and Civil War  74620.1 Portuguese Contact and Penetration of Africa  45630.4 The Expansion of Japan to the Outbreak of World War II   75821.1 Russian Expansion under the Early Tsars, 1462–1598  48131.1 World War II in Europe and the Middle East  77321.2 Russia under Peter the Great  48431.2 Asia and the Pacific in World War II  77721.3 Russia’s Holdings by 1800  48831.3 The Partition of Palestine After World War II  78822.1 The Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires  49632.1 Soviet and Eastern European Boundaries by 1948  79422.2 The Expansion of the Ottoman Empire  49732.2 Germany After World War II  79522.3 The Safavid Empire  50432.3 The European Union  79922.4 The Growth of the Mughal Empire, from Akbar to Aurangzeb  51033.1 U.S. Military Interventions, 1898–2000  83623.1 Routes and Major Products Exchanged in the Asian Trading Network, c. 1500  52334.1 The Emergence of New Nations in Africa afterWorld War II  84723.2 The Pattern of Early European Expansion in Asia  52734.2 The Partition of South Asia: The Formation of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka  84823.3 Ming China and the Zheng He Expeditions, 1405–1433  53434.3 The New West African Nations  85623.4 Japan During the Rise of the Tokugawa Shogunate  53934.4 The Middle East in the Cold War Era  85924.1 Napoleon’s Empire in 1812  56735.1 The Pacific Rim Area by 1960  87124.2 Industrialization in Europe, c. 1850  57135.2 China in the Years of Japanese Occupation and Civil War, 1931–1949  88224.3 The Unification of Italy  57424.4 The Unification of Germany, 1815–1871  57524.5 Early 19th-Century Settlement in the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand  58224.6 The Balkans After the Regional Wars, 1913  58425.1 European Colonial Territories, Before and After 1800  59025.2 The Stages of Dutch Expansion in Java  59125.3 The Growth of the British Empire in India, from the 1750sto 1858  59335.3 Vietnam: Divisions in the Nguyen and French Periods  88935.4 North and South Vietnam  89136.1 Post–Soviet Union Russia, Eastern Europe, and Central Asiaby 1991  90436.2 The Implosion of Yugoslavia, 1991–2008  90936.3 Main U.S. Overseas Military Installations by 2007  91537.1 Multinational Corporations in 2000  92425.4 The Partition of Africa Between c. 1870 and 1914  59925.5 The Partition of Southeast Asia and the Pacificto 1914  60026.1 Independent States of Latin America in 1830  61827.1 British Egypt and the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan  64927.2 Ottoman Empire from Late 18th Century toWorld War I  65127.3 Qing Empire from Opium War of 1839–1841 toWorld War I  652DocumentsAryan Poetry in Praise of a War Horse  17Hammurabi’s Law Code  26Teachings of the Rival Chinese Schools  66A Guardian’s Farewell Speech to a Young Woman About toBe Married  83Rome and a Values Crisis  11327.4 Coastal China and Its Hinterland in the 19th Century  655The Popularization of Buddhism  12728.1 Russian Expansion, 1815–1914  666The Thousand and One Nights as a Mirror of Elite Society inthe Abbasid Era  17828.2 The Russo-Japanese War  67228.3 Japanese Colonial Expansion to 1914  68029.1 World War I Fronts in Europe and the Middle East  70429.2 Africa During World War I  71029.3 The Middle East after World War I  72030.1 From Dominions to Nationhood: Formation of Canada,Australia, and New Zealand  734Ibn Khaldun on the Rise and Decline of Empires  188The Great Oral Tradition and the Epic of Sundiata  212Russia Turns to Christianity  237European Travel: A Monk Visits Jerusalem  250Aztec Women and Men  274Ties That Bind: Paths to Power  293Features   A01 STEA7705 07 SE FM.indd 11xi 19/11/13 8:02 PM

Literature as a Mirror of the Exchanges among Asian Centersof Civilization  328Women and Power in Byzantium  229A European Assessment of the Virtues and Vices ofthe Mongols  337Archeological Evidence of Political Practices  277Bubonic Plague  358Western Conquerors: Tactics and Motives  398Controversies About Women  421A Vision from the Vanquished  433An African’s Description of the Middle Passage  471The Nature of Westernization  485An Islamic Traveler Laments the Muslims’ Indifferenceto Europe  503Exam Questions as a Mirror of Chinese Values  531Protesting the Industrial Revolution  573Contrary Images: The Colonizer versus the Colonized on the“Civilizing Mission”  602Confronting the Hispanic Heritage: From Independenceto Consolidation  625Transforming Imperial China into a Nation  659Conditions for Factory Workers in Russia’s Industrialization  668Lessons for the Colonized from the Slaughter inthe Trenches  715Peasant Labor  245Footbinding as a Marker of Male Dominance  303What Their Portraits Tell Us: Gatekeeper Elites and the P ersistenceof Civilizations  326The Mongol Empire as a Bridge Between Civilizations  342Population Trends  357West Indian Slaveholding  394Versailles  417Race or Culture? A Changing Society  444The Cloth of Kings in an Atlantic Perspective  473Oppressed Peasants  490Art as a Window into the Past: Paintings and History in MughalIndia  513The Great Ships of the Ming Expeditions That Crossedthe Indian Ocean  536The French Revolution in Cartoons  566Capitalism and Colonialism  605Images of the Spanish-American War  634Mapping the Decline of Two Great Empires  651Two Faces of Western Influence  678Socialist Realism  759Trench Warfare  708Japan’s Defeat in a Global War  778Guernica and the Images of War  754A Cold War Speech  817National Leaders for a New Global Order  784The People Speak  830Women at Work in France and the United States  806Cultural Creativity in the Emerging Nations: Some LiterarySamples  852Murals and Posters: Art and Revolution  827Globalization and Postcolonial Societies  866Women in the Revolutionary Struggles for Social Justice  887Pacific Rim Growth  880Democratic Protest and Repression in China  907Symbolism in the Breakdown of the Soviet Bloc  905Protests against Globalization  927Two Faces of Globalization  935Visualizing the PastRepresentations of Women in Early Art  11Mesopotamia in Maps  25Capital Designs and Patterns of Political Power  68The Pattern of Trade in the Ancient Eurasian World  91Political Rituals in Persia  110Religious Geography  136The Mos

Correlation of World Civilizations to the AP Course Outline for World History xxiv Prologue xxxii Part I EARLY HUMAN SOCIETIES, 2.5 MILLION– 600 b.c.e.: ORIGINS AND DEvELOPMENT 1 ChAPTER 1 From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizations 7 9 10 The Neolithic Revolution 12 15 16 Civilizati