Transcription
DETAILED REPORT ON HARDNESS TEST1
Table of ContentsABSTRACT. 4INTRODUCTION . 5BRIEF INTRODUCTION ABOUT ME -: . 5MY DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES AT RINE ENGINEERING PVT LIMITED,BADDI,INDIA -: . 6ABOUT UNIVERSAL TESTING MACHINE . 9COMPONENTS OF UNIVERSAL TESTING MACHINE . 9STEPS FOR USING UTM . 14OBJECTIVE . 17LITREATURE REVIEW . 17STRESS AND STRAIN RELATIONSHIP . 20YOUNG'S MODULUS, E. 22ULTIMATE TENSILE STRENGTH, ΣTS . 25FRACTURE STRENGTH, ΣF. 26TENSILE DUCTILITY . 27WORK HARDENING EXPONENT, N . 27MODULUS OF RESILIENCE, UR . 29TENSILE TOUGHNESS, UT . 29MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT. 34EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE . 34TENSILE TEST EXAMPLE. 35CALCULATION FOR ALUMINUM SPECIMEN . 36THEORY . 38ABSTRACT. 39HARDNESS TEST: . 39ABOUT BRINELL HARDNESS TEST. 41COMPONENT OF BRINELL HARDNESS TESTER . 41STEPS FOR CONDUCTING HARDNESS TEST . 43OBJECTIVES . 442 Page
INTRODUCTION TO EXPERIMENT . 44PROCEDURE OF THE EXPERIMENT . 48RESULTS, COMPUTATIONS AND GRAPHWORK . 48DISCUSSION OF THE RESULTS . 49CONCLUSION. 50VICKERS HARDNESS TEST . 52THEORY . 52STEPS FOR CONDUCTING TEST . 52OBJECTIVE . 53INTRODUCTION . 53MATERIAL & METHODOLOGY . 55PROCEDURE . 56GENERAL PROCEDURE: . 56RESULTS & DISCUSSION . 57RESULTS . 57CALCULATIONS . 57DISCUSSION. 59ANSWERS FOR QUESTIONS: . 59CONCLUSION. 60LIMITATION AND ERROR OF THE EXPERIMENT . 61LIMITATIONS . 61ERRORS. 61PRECAUTIONS . 613 Page
ABSTRACTHi I am Rajesh Bain. This report by me is for giving a detailed idea of my experiences and knowledge thatI have gained while working in Rine Engineering Pvt Limited,Baddi,India from 1996 to 1997.These reports include -:1. Detailed steps required to check Ultimate tensile strength using universal testing machine ofany specimen,2. Steps to check and record Brinell hardness of specimen,3. Detailed explanation for Vicker Hardness test4. Detailed explanation to test Rockwell hardness.In this report I have tried my best to summarize all the things that I have learnt during my stay at RineEngineering Pvt Limited,Baddi,India , in simple and effective manner. After going through this reportwe can learn the steps involved in process mentioned above also learn how to extract data from thereport to make it useful practically in any firm.This report can be used as a guide to perform above mentioned test but before doing this reader shouldverify the information in these report with standard practices as mentioned in various codes books oftheir respective regions.4 Page
INTRODUCTIONBrief Introduction about Rine Engineering Pvt Limited,Baddi,IndiaRine Engineering Pvt Limited,Baddi,India is Manufacturer and supplier of customized sand and greyiron. Established in 1991 at Baddi. They are ISO 9001: 2000. JAS –ANZ and RDSO certified company.Indian railways, Bharat Heavy electrical Limited, BEML are some of their prestigious client, RigorousQuality test, and Excellent packing solutions and dimensional accuracy make them unique in theindustry. They offer wide array of steel, Grey Iron and SG Iron casting. Steel Casting Grades offered bythem are well known for their durability and reliability. They also provide steel casting that are highlyefficient. Along with that they offer steel casting for LHB bogie , They are highly instrumental inpresenting a wide spectrum of grey Iron casting to our esteemed client , Our SG Iron Casting areavailable at market leading prices.BRIEF INTRODUCTION ABOUT ME -:5 Page
MY DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES AT RINE ENGINEERING PVTLIMITED,BADDI,INDIA -:At Rine Engineering Pvt Limited,Baddi,India I was appointed as Quality control engineer and my dutieswere as follows -:Analyze process quality performance data for company facilities and provideguidance/input into performance improvementsTo check & record Ultimate tensile strength using Universal testing machine (UTM) ofspecimen/sample castings after annealing.To check & record the Brinell Hardness (BHN) of specimen/sample castingsafter annealing. The load is applied manually and the indentation is read with the help ofa Brinell Microscope.I have used Rockwell & Vickers hardness testing techniques also in some cases to checkthe hardness of sample castingsPerform internal audits with the objective to help plant find and correct quality gapsInvestigation and problem solving through root cause analysis for internal and externalquality concerns with focus on permanent corrective actionsEnsure all products are manufactured in compliance with customer specifications, safetystandards and design specifications. Recommend corrective actions necessary to ensureconformity with specifications and standards.Ensure Corporate Quality processes are followed.Drive quality improvements utilizing root cause analysis, process reviews andimprovements, corrective actions, statistical process control, in-process and finalinspections, control gauges and test equipment, quality plans and overall qualitycommunications.6 Page
Evaluate and determine disposition of non-conforming materials and formulatecorrective actions.Communicate with customer service, supplier quality, production engineering andmanufacturing personnel/management7 Page
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ABOUT UNIVERSAL TESTING MACHINEA universal testing machine (UTM), also known as a universal tester , materials testingmachine or materials test frame, is used to test the tensile strength and compressivestrength of materials. It is named after the fact that it can perform many standard tensile andcompression tests on materials, components, and structures.COMPONENTS OF UNIVERSAL TESTING MACHINELoad frame - Usually consisting of two strong supports for the machine. Some smallMachines have a single support.Figure – Load frame of UTM9 Page
Load cell - A force transducer or other means of measuring the load is required.Periodic calibration is usually required by governing regulations or quality system.Figure – Load cell of UTMCross head - A movable cross head (crosshead) is controlled to move up or down. Usuallythis is at a constant speed: sometimes called a constant rate of extension (CRE) machine.Some machines can program the crosshead speed or conduct cyclical testing, testing atconstant force, testing at constant deformation, etc. Electromechanical, servo-hydraulic,linear drive and resonance drive are used.Figure – Cross head of UTM10 P a g e
Means of measuring extension or deformation - Many tests require a measure of theresponse of the test specimen to the movement of the cross head. Extensometers aresometimes used.Figure- Extensometer11 P a g e
Output device - A means of providing the test result is needed. Some older machineshave dial or digital displays and chart recorders. Many newer machines have a computerinterface for analysis and printing.Figure – Output device12 P a g e
Conditioning - Many tests require controlled conditioning (temperature, humidity,pressure, etc.). The machine can be in a controlled room or a special environmentalchamber can be placed around the test specimen for the test.Figure – Room for UTMTest fixtures, specimen holding jaws, and related sample making equipment are called forin many test methods.13 P a g e
STEPS FOR USING UTMThe set-up and usage are detailed in a test method, often published by a standardsorganization. This specifies the sample preparation, fixturing, gauge length (the lengthwhich is under study or observation), analysis, etc. In India Bureau of Indian Standardpublishes IS 1828-1 (2002), IS 1828-2 (2002) and ISO 5893 Rubber and plastics testequipment - Tensile, flexural and compression types (constant rate of traverse) –Specification for this purpose.The specimen is placed in the machine between the grips and an extensometer ifrequired can automatically record the change in gauge lengt
2. Steps to check and record Brinell hardness of specimen, 3. Detailed explanation for Vicker Hardness test 4. Detailed explanation to test Rockwell hardness. In this report I have tried my best to summarize all the things that I have learnt during my stay at Rine Engineering Pvt Limited,Baddi,India , in simple and effective manner. After going through this reportFile Size: 1MBPage Count: 64
