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sec4Anglais techniqueAuto-evaluationlink to compoundsNebila DHIEB-HENIA

solsec22Anglais techniqueAnswer keyLanguage studyExercise 11)--h2)--f3)--d4)--c5)--g6)--j7)--k8)--i9)--a10) –bExercise 21)b2)a3)aNebila DHIEB-HENIA

solsec22Anglais technique4)bExercise 31) survie de longue durèe3) un montage de laboratoire2) section transversale4) une station electrique5) des particules metalliques6) deux groupes d'assistance medicale en ligneNebila DHIEB-HENIA

solsec21Anglais techniqueAnswer keyReadingExercise 11. editorial page. First page in a journal (or something similar).2. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication (JCMC). Vol 9/2, January 2004.Annenberg School.3. people interested in Computer-Mediated communication (or something similar).4. attitudes to different aspects of CM CMC (or something similar).Exercise 2Free answersExercise 3a—3, b—4, c—1, d—2, e—5Nebila DHIEB-HENIA

sec3 1Anglais technique3. Language study 1Recognizing sentencesRecognizing Sentences, Run-Ons and Fragments (Basic)Recognizing Sentences, Run-Ons and Fragments (Advanced)Recognizing Sentences, Run-Ons and Fragments (Basic)Available online at: tmlRetrieved on September 1, 2004The sentence is the fundamental unit of expression in professional writing. To maintaincredibility as a professional, you have to know what constitutes a sentence. In the exercisebelow, identify whether each of the highlighted word groups is a sentence (S), fragment (F),or run-on (RO). Note that a run-on is a specific grammatical term referring not to a longsentence, but to a group of words containing two or more independent clauses that areincorrectly joined.1.Although the shock sphere is still strong at the end of the fireball's life, thesphere is no longer strong enough to heat the air to incandescence.SentenceFragmentRun-On2.At that point the shock sphere is no longer strong enough to heat the air toNebila DHIEB-HENIA

sec3 1incandescence, however, the sphere is still very strong.Anglais techniqueSentenceFragmentRun-On3.At the end of the fireball's life, the shock sphere no longer being strong enoughto heat the air to incandescence.SentenceFragmentRun-On4.Both sites produce the same three sources of energy: coal, oil, and natural gas.Both sites, however, do not produce these sources in the same proportions.SentenceFragmentRun-On5.The plant shutdown was more than just another company having to close itsdoors, Bolens was a way of life for hundreds of families in the small town where thecompany was located.SentenceFragmentRun-OnNebila DHIEB-HENIA

sec3 1Anglais technique6.Both designs produce the same three pollutants (nitrogen oxides, sulfurdioxides, and hydrocarbons) in roughly the same proportions, therefore, bothdesigns have similar effects on the environment.SentenceFragmentRun-On7.Because both designs produce the same three pollutants (nitrogen oxides,sulfur dioxides, and hydrocarbons) in roughly the same proportions, both designshave similar effects on the environment.SentenceFragmentRun-On8.An oval shape is necessary in the die cavity, otherwise, the flow of metal fromthe hammering would be restricted.SentenceFragmentRun-On9.Not only does fresh ventilation reduce moisture levels in animal pens, but it alsoimproves the health and longevity of livestock.SentenceNebila DHIEB-HENIA

sec3 1FragmentAnglais techniqueRun-On10. Primary bodies are those that are outside the zone of protection, thus, they aresusceptible to the effects of a direct lightning stroke.SentenceFragmentRun-OnNebila DHIEB-HENIA

sec3 2Anglais technique3. Language study 1Recognizing sentencesRecognizing Sentences, Run-Ons and Fragments (Basic)Recognizing Sentences, Run-Ons and Fragments (Advanced)Recognizing Sentences, Run-Ons and Fragments (Advanced)Available online at: tmlRetrieved on September 1, 20041.Both bombs produce the same three effects: heat, blast, and radiation; however,the bombs do not produce the effects in the same proportions.SentenceFragmentRun-On2.Both bombs produce the same three effects: heat, blast, and radiation. The firstof which usually causes the most fatalities.SentenceFragmentRun-On3.Heat, blast, and radiation are the bomb's three main effects, the first of whichusually causes the most fatalities.Nebila DHIEB-HENIA

sec3 2SentenceAnglais techniqueFragmentRun-On4.Both Mars and Earth are rapidly rotating planets, both have seasonal climatechanges, and both have heat exchange of solar radiation between the atmosphereand the surface.SentenceFragmentRun-On5.The Great Comet of 1811 not only had a large nucleus (between 30 and 40kilometers), it also had a large coma, extending a length the diameter of the Sun.SentenceFragmentRun-On6.The higher the temperature, the lower the pressure.SentenceFragmentRun-OnNebila DHIEB-HENIA

solsec3Anglais techniqueKey to Grammar exercisesRecognizing Sentences, Run-Ons and Fragments (Advanced)1- Congratulations, you have answered #1 correctly.Original: Both bombs produce the same three effects: heat, blast, and radiation; however,the bombs do not produce the effects in the same proportions.Revision: Both bombs produce the same three effects: heat, blast, and radiation. However,the bombs do not produce the effects in the same proportions.Discussion: Original was a run-on. After a list following a colon, the sentence must end.More discussion in CE (page 103).2- Congratulations, you have answered #2 correctly.Original: Both bombs produce the same three effects: heat, blast, and radiation. The first ofwhich usually causes the most fatalities.Revision: Both bombs produce the same three effects: heat, blast, and radiation. The first ofthese three usually causes the most fatalities.Discussion: The original second group of words is a fragment. The word "which" makes thatsecond group of words a dependent clause, which by definition cannot stand alone as asentence. More discussion in CE (page 111).Nebila DHIEB-HENIA

solsec33- Congratulations, you have answered #3 correctly.Anglais techniqueOriginal: Heat, blast, and radiation are the bomb's three main effects, the first of whichusually causes the most fatalities.Discussion: no mistake. The clause following the word "effects" is dependent and thereforecan be joined with just a comma to the initial independent clause.4- Congratulations, you have answered #4 correctly.Original: Both Mars and Earth are rapidly rotating planets, both have seasonal climatechanges, and both have heat exchange of solar radiation between the atmosphere and thesurface.Discussion: This group of words is a periodic sentence with the series of parallel clausesjoined by the coordinating conjunction "and."5- Congratulations, you have answered #5 correctly.Original: The Great Comet of 1811 not only had a large nucleus (between 30 and 40kilometers), it also had a large coma, extending a length the diameter of the Sun.Revision: The Great Comet of 1811 not only had a large nucleus (between 30 and 40kilometers), but it also had a large coma, extending a length the diameter of the Sun.Discussion: The original group of words is technically a run-on, although it is accepted as asentence in many informal writing situations. To make it an undisputed sentence, youshould add the coordinating conjunction "but."Nebila DHIEB-HENIA

solsec3Anglais technique6- Trick question.Original: The higher the temperature, the lower the pressure.Possible Revision: The higher the temperature is, the lower the pressure is.Discussion: This group of words is a technically a fragment that almost everyone lets passas a sentence. Most people would treat this word grouping as having an understood verb inboth the dependent clause and the independent clause (much as a command has theunderstood subject "you"). Should you feel uncomfortable with treating this word groupingas a sentence, simply add the verbs in the dependent and independent clauses. Morediscussion in CE (page 111).Nebila DHIEB-HENIA

solsec3Anglais techniqueKey to Grammar exercisesKey to Grammar exercises(recognizing sentences, run-ons and fragments)1- Congratulations, you have answered #1 correctly.Original: Although the shock sphere is still strong at the end of the fireball's life, the sphereis no longer strong enough to heat the air to incandescence.Discussion: No grammatical mistake exists. This group of words is a sentence with anintroductory dependent clause coupled to an independent clause.2- Congratulations, you have answered #2 correctly.Original: At that point the shock sphere is no longer strong enough to heat the air toincandescence, however, the sphere is still very strong.Revision: At that point, the shock sphere is no longer strong enough to heat the air toincandescence. However, the sphere is very strong.Discussion: The original was a run-on. The adverb "however" cannot join two independentclauses. Note that several ways exist to correct this run-on. Also note that beginning asentence with "however" is not an error. More discussion exists in CE (pages 115 and 129)and CSW (259, 270).Nebila DHIEB-HENIA

solsec33- Congratulations, you have answered #3 correctly.Anglais techniqueOriginal: At the end of the fireball's life, the shock sphere no longer being strong enough toheat the air to incandescence.Revision: At the end of the fireball's life, the shock sphere is no longer strong enough toheat the air to incandescence.Discussion: The original was a fragment without a verb. The verb "is" makes this group ofwords a sentence. More discussion exists in CE (page 111).4- Congratulations, you have answered #4 correctly.Original: Both sites produce the same three sources of energy: coal, oil, and natural gas.Both sites, however, do not produce these sources in the same proportions.Discussion: No grammatical mistake exists. The first sentence is a simple independentclause that introduces a list, and the second sentence is a simple independent clause withthe adverb "however" inserted as a parenthetical between the subject and the verb.5- Congratulations, you have answered #5 correctly.Original: The plant shutdown was more than just another company having to close its doors,Bolens was a way of life for hundreds of families in the small town where the company waslocated.Revision: The plant shutdown was more than just another company having to close itsdoors--Bolens was a way of life for hundreds of families in the small town where theNebila DHIEB-HENIA

solsec3company was located.Anglais techniqueDiscussion: The original was a run-on. While such a run-on is allowed in informal writing, itis not accepted in formal writing. Although several ways, including a semicolon, exist to jointhese two independent clauses, the em-dash perhaps works best to show their relationship.More discussion exists in CE (pages 106, 130).6- Congratulations, you have answered #6 correctly.Original: Both designs produce the same three pollutants (nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxides,and hydrocarbons) in roughly the same proportions, therefore, both designs have similareffects on the environment.Revision: Both designs produce the same three pollutants (nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxides,and hydrocarbons) in roughly the same proportions. Therefore, both designs have similareffects on the environment.Discussion: The original was a run-on. The adverb "therefore" cannot join two independentclauses. More discussion exists in CE (pages 115 and 129) and CSW (259, 270).7- Congratulations, you have answered #7 correctly.Original: Because both designs produce the same three pollutants (nitrogen oxides, sulfurdioxides, and hydrocarbons) in roughly the same proportions, both designs have similareffects on the environment.Discussion: No grammatical mistake exists. This group of words is a sentence with anintroductory dependent clause coupled to an independent clause.Nebila DHIEB-HENIA

solsec3Anglais technique8- Congratulations, you have answered #8 correctly.Original: An oval shape is necessary in the die cavity, otherwise, the flow of metal from thehammering would be restricted.Revision: An oval shape is necessary in the die cavity; otherwise, the flow of metal fromthe hammering would be restricted.Discussion: The original group of words was a run-on. Because the word "otherwise" is nota coordinating conjunction, it cannot join two independent clauses. More discussion exists inCE (pages 115 and 129) and CSW (259, 270).9- Congratulations, you have answered #9 correctly.Original: Not only does fresh ventilation reduce moisture levels in animal pens, but it alsoimproves the health and longevity of livestock.Discussion: No grammatical mistake exists. Because the word "but" is a coordinatingconjunction, it can join two independent clauses.10- Congratulations, you have answered #10 correctly.Original: Primary bodies are those that are outside the zone of protection, thus, they aresusceptible to the effects of a direct lightning stroke.Nebila DHIEB-HENIA

solsec3Anglais techniqueRevision: Primary bodies are those that are outside the zone of protection. Thus, they aresusceptible to the effects of a direct lightning stroke.Discussion: The original was a run-on. The adverb "thus" cannot join two independentclauses. More discussion exists in CE (pages 115 and 129) and CSW (259, 270).Nebila DHIEB-HENIA

sec55. Writing:coherence (basic)Writing: Coherence Exercise 1 Exercise 2Exercise 1Read the text below one paragraph at a time and choose from the titles provided in the boxthe one that best summarises that paragraph.Safeguard Your Softwareby Reid Goldsborough Jan 01 '00a) danger of virusesb) types of virusesc) viruses and downloading filesd)introduction of the probleme) first caution against virusesf) what are viruses?g) viruses and the interneth) second precaution against virusesi) viruses and attachmentsj) are antiviruses popular among computer users?Nebila DHIEB-HENIA

sec51) How many times have you heard a comment like this: "My computer is acting up. Itmust be a virus." Truth is, most computer glitches are caused by software conflicts or"user error." ( )2) Viruses do get a lot of publicity, and it's easy to see why. They have an ominous andmysterious aura. How can a machine catch a virus? Can computer viruses, like suchhuman viruses as HIV, be deadly? ( .)3) Computer viruses are simply small computer programs that aim to do harm. They'rewritten by disturbed individuals, the kind of sociopaths who place razor blades in apples atHalloween. Like human viruses, computer viruses can replicate, spreading like a diseasefrom one computer to another through shared floppy disks, infected CD-ROM discs or overthe Internet. ( .)4) Some viruses - more hoaxes than true viruses - are innocuous, doing no more harmthan scaring people with a message flashing on screen that reads "Gotcha!" Other viruses,however, can destroy all the data on your hard drive. ( )5) Computer viruses can't harm your hardware. So the first line of defense, as with everypotential computer disaster, is to make regular backups of the vital data stored on yourhard drive and to ensure that the backups themselves are reliable.( )6) The next safety step is to consider using antivirus software. Some people suspect thatnew viruses are created and spread by the very companies that develop antivirusprograms. After all, there's a lot of money to be made here.( .)7) Sales of antivirus software reached 135 million in 1998, according to estimates fromthe market research firm PC Data. According to Ziff-Davis Market Intelligence, five of the10 top-selling utility programs are antivirus packages.( .).Nebila DHIEB-HENIA

sec58) Some people avoid the Internet entirely for fear of catching a virus. A few words ofreassurance: Your computer can't become infected by reading email messages. Viruses,as programs, must be run, or "executed," to do their damage. Simply reading an emailmessage doesn't run anything except the programs you already have on your system.( .)9) The situation becomes slightly more complicated with email attachments. Theseappendages to email messages can potentially include "macro" viruses, which can infectyour system and are the fastest growing type of virus. But you have to initiate actionbeyond just reading the email message, such as clicking on the attachment with yourmouse, for these mini-programs to do their dirty work.Fortunately, you have protectionhere as well. Many people simply delete email attachments if they come from someonethey don't know. What's more, the latest versions of antivirus programs include protectionagainst macro viruses. ( )10) Finally, be careful. Download files only from reputable Web sites or FTP filerepositories. Avoid "pirate" sites and the "Warez" newsgroups, where people illegally tradecommercial programs. These files are more likely than others to be infected with viruses( ). 1993-2004, PRIMEDIA Business Magazines & Media Inc. All rights reserved.Auto-evaluationCommentsExercise 2Read the sentences below and rearrange them to get a text that indicates the followingorganization of ideas:1-Presentation of the main idea (creation of Windows Server 2003)Nebila DHIEB-HENIA

sec52-Extra information on the program3-Technical characteristics of the program4-Industries that support it5-Advantages for using the programMicrosoft Confirms HPC PlansFollowing weeks of denials by officials, Microsoft Corp.Jul 05 '04(A) The HPC edition will suppor

1: Free Reading 2: Comprehension: Careful Reading 3: Familiarizing with Research Articles 4: Writing Short Resumés 5 : Extensive Reading CHAPTER 3: ABSTRACTS 1: Free Reading 2: Comprehension: Reading for Main Ideas and Guessing from Context 3: Practising Impersonal Forms 4: