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Uwe KienckeLars NielsenAutomotive Control SystemsFor Engine, Driveline, and Vehicle

Uwe KienckeLars NielsenAutomotiveControl SystemsFor Engine, Driveline, and VehicleSecond editionWith 345 figures and 13 tables

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Uwe KienckeUniversität Karlsruhe (TH)Department of Electrical Engineering76187 KarlsruheGermanykiencke@iiit.uni-karlsruhe.deProf. Dr. Lars NielsenDivision of Vehicular SystemsDepartment of Electrical EngineeringLinköping University581 83 LinköpingSwedenlars@isy.liu.seLibrary of Congress Control Number: 2005922217ISBN 3-540-23139-0 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New YorkThis work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material isconcerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting,reproduction on microfilm or in other ways, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication orparts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965,in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations areliable to prosecution under German Copyright Law.Springer is a part of Springer Science Business Mediaspringeronline.com Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005Printed in GermanyThe use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply,even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective lawsand regulations and therefore free for general use.Typesetting: Data conversion by the author.Final processing by PTP-Berlin Protago-TEX-Production GmbH, GermanyCover-Design: Medionet AG, BerlinPrinted on acid-free paper62/3141/Yu – 5 4 3 2 1 0

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MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM8 8\8Y8Y8/YeY MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 'XYXXXXX/XFXF/e/e/H/H/\/////F/F/FFeFHFHF F F\F8FX' 2*-2! 42A 40 H A!1 8MH !C ! GE[TGB M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M8MHMH [G?' ?GC.[T?' I.T![?GE G3 E;?E.V M M M M8MHM bc;.E .EVGT M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M8MHM\ E;?E. G .B 3GT !C ! GE[TGB M M M M M M M8MHM: !C ! GE[TGB ?T' ?[ M M M M M M M M M M M M M8MHM8 .!V T.C.E[ .V B[V M M M M M M M M M M M M M M8MHMY !I[? . !C ! GE[TGB M M M M M M M M M M M M8M B. I. GE[TGB M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M8M MH E.T;c GE .TV?GE G .B !E GTO . !B!E'.8M M [![. I!'. GE[TGB M M M M M M M M M M M M M M MMMMMMMMMMM33M FFM FFM He:M He8M He/M HH M HH\M H eM H HM H \\M \MHM8 B!C. TGI!;![?GE M M M M M M M M M M M M M\MHMY E.T;c GE .TV?GE M M M M M M M M M M M M M E;?E. GE[TGB M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M\M MH C?VV?GEV G3 E[.TE!B GC V[?GE E;?E.V\M M .B .!V T.C.E[ M M M M M M M M M M M M M\M M\E[.TC?[[.E[ .B E@.'[?GE M M M M M M M M\M M:E@.'[?GE ?C. !B' B![?GE M M M M M M M M\M M8 ?T !VV I.T GC V[?GE c'B. M M M M M\M MYE[!A. !E?3GB cE!C?'V M M M M M M M M M\M MX;E?[?GE E;B. GE[TGB M M M M M M M M M M M\M M/ I[?C?d![?GE G3 E;?E. !IV M M M M M M M) -! !0 2*-2! 4 !0-2*:MH G T [TGA. c'B. ?.V.B E;?E. M M M M M:M !T;. b' !E;. M M M M M M M M M M M M M M:M MH BGa ?E[G b ! V[ ?I.V M M M M M M:M M BGa ?E[G GC V[?GE !C .T M:M\ ?T 3 .B ![?G M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M:M\MH b ! V[ [TGA. M M M M M M M M M M M:M\M E[!A. [TGA. M M M M M M M M M M M M:M\M\ GCIT.VV?GE !E GC V[?GE M M M:M: !VV !B!E'. M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M:M8 .B E@.'[?GE M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M:MY .B !IGT![?GE M M M M M M M M M M M M M M:MX cB?E .T cE!C?'V M M M M M M M M M M M M M:MXMH.TG ?C.EV?GE!B G .B?E; M M M M:MXM .TCG cE!C?' O ![?GEV M M M M:MXM\ E.T;c !B!E'. M M M M M M M M M M M:MXM: GB C.[T?' GTA M M M M M M M M M M:MXM8.![ GVV.V M M M M M M M M M M M M M:MXMY E.T;c GE .TV?GE M M M M M M M M M:MXMX E[ !BIc G3 !VV BGaV M M M M M M:MXM/E[.TE!B E.T;c G3 [ . !V !T;.:MXMF !B' B![?GE G3 [![. !T?! B.V M M M:M/ ?[[?E; G3 G .B !T!C.[.TV M M M M M M M M:M/MH ?C B![?GE T.V B[V M M M M M M M M M:MF GG[ ''T .C.E[ M M M M M M M M M M M M M MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM

MMMMMMMMMMMMM H XM H /M H /M H\ M H\8M H\XM H\/M H: M H:\M H::M H:Y? - *24 - YMH ?!;EGV?V G3 [GCG[? . E;?E.V M M M M M M M M M M M M M MYMHMH c E G!T ?!;EGV?VP M M M M M M M M M M M M MYM M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M MYM MH !?E !T!'[.T?V[?'V M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M MYM\ E[TG '[?GE [G ?!;EGV?V M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M MYM\MH !V?' .7E?[?GEV !E GE'.I[V M M M M M M M M M M MYM: G .B !V. ?!;EGV?V M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M MYM:MH GC. !T!'[.T?V[?'V G3 G .B !V. ?!;EGV?V M MYM8 ! B[V M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M MYM8MH ! B[ G .B?E; M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M MYMY T?E'?IB.V G3 G .B !V. ?!;EGV?V M M M M M M M M M M M MYMYMH .V? !B .E.T![GT .V?;E M M M M M M M M M M M M MYMYM .V? !B !B ![?GE M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M MYMYM\ b!CIB.V G3 CG .B !V. ?!;EGV?V 3GT .E;?E.V MYMX IIB?'![?GE b!CIB. ?T E[!A. cV[.C M M M M M M M M MYMXMH G .B?E; [ . ?T E[!A. cV[.C M M M M M M M M M MYMXM G .B .E[?7'![?GE M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M MYMXM\ . ?!;EGV?V cV[.C M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M MYMXM: .V? !B .E.T![?GE M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M MYMXM8 .V? !B !B ![?GE M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M MYMXMYCIB.C.E[![?GE M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M MYMXMX !B? ![?GE G3 [ . ?!;EGV?V cV[.C M M M M M M M M MYM/ ?V7T. .[.'[?GE M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M MYM/MH T!EAV !3[ GC.E[ G3 E.T[?! M M M M M M M M M M M MYM/M T!EAV !3[ GTO . !B!E'. M M M M M M M M M M M M MYM/M\ T!EV3GTC![?GE ?E[G ?E.!T cV[.C .IT.V.E[![?GEYM/M:!BC!E ?B[.T .V?;E M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M MYM/M8 .V B[V M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M MYMF E;?E.T?E; G3 ?!;EGV?V cV[.CV M M M M M M M M M M M M M MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM5)3M H8eM H8eM H8HM H8HM H8\M H8:M H8YM H8YM H8XM H8FM H8FM HYHM HY:M HYYM HYXM HY/M HXeM HX M HX M HX:M HX8M HX8M H/\M H/\M H/YM H/YM H/XM H/FM HFH -E!0-2! 42A 40XMH T? .B?E. G .B?E; M M M M M M M M M M M M MXMHMH !V?' T? .B?E. O ![?GEV M M M M MXMHM !V?' GCIB.[. G .B M M M M MXMHM\ GC ?E?E; [ . .O ![?GEV M M M M MXMHM: E BB V[T![? . G .B?E; b!CIB.MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM53BM HF\M HF:M HFXM HFFM HFF8M\8M:8M M\ .!V T.C.E[ .V B[V M M M M M M M M M M MEG'A GE[TGB M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M8M\MHEG'A?E; ![ E;?E.V M M M M M M M M M M8M\M EG'A .EVGTV M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M8M\M\ ?;E!B TG'.VV?E; M M M M M M M M M M M M M M8M\M:EG'A GE[TGB M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M8M\M8 !I[? . EG'A GE[TGB M M M M M M M M M M cB?E .T !B!E'?E; M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M8M:MH .V? .V ![ [![?GE!Tc E;?E. I.T![?GE8M:M .V? .V ![ E;?E. T!EV?.E[V M M M M M M M8M:M\ !I[![?GE G3 E@.'[?GE !I M M M M M M MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM

XM XM\XM:XM8XMY GE[.E[V G .B?E; G3 . [T!B .!T M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M MXM MH [![?GE!Tc .!T ?3[ bI.T?C.E[V M M M M M M M M M M M MXM M cE!C?'!B .!T ?3[ bI.T?C.E[V M M M M M M M M M M M MXM M\ .'G IB. G .B M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M T? .B?E. GE[TGB M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M MXM\MH !'A;TG E M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M MXM\M ?.B T?!BV 3GT TG B.C .CGEV[T![?GE M M M M M M M M MXM\M\ G!BV G3 T? .B?E. GE[TGB M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M MXM\M: GCC.E[ GE T' ?[.'[ T.V 3GT T? .B?E. GE[TGB M M M MXM\M8 [![. I!'. GTC B![?GE M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M MXM\MY GE[TGBB.T GTC B![?GE M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M MXM\MX GC. . !'A TGI.T[?.V M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M MXM\M/ T? .B?E. GE[TGB a?[ Z M M M M M M M M M M M M T? .B?E. I. GE[TGB M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M MXM:MH GE[TGB M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M MXM:M TG B.C GTC B![?GE M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M MXM:M\ I. GE[TGB a?[ '[? . !CI?E; !E . ! ?GTXM:M:E9 .E'. 3TGC .EVGT G'![?GE M M M M M M M M M M M M M MXM:M8 ?C B![?GEV M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M MXM:MY I. GE[TGBB.T bI.T?C.E[V M M M M M M M M M M M M M M MXM:MX CC!Tc M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M T? .B?E. GE[TGB 3GT .!T ?3[?E; M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M MXM8MHE[.TE!B T? .B?E. GTO . M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M MXM8M T!EVC?VV?GE GTO . GE[TGB T?[.T?GE M M M M M M M M M MXM8M\ T!EVC?VV?GE GTO . GE[TGB .V?;E M M M M M M M M M M MXM8M:E9 .E'. 3TGC .EVGT G'![?GE M M M M M M M M M M M M M MXM8M8 ?C B![?GEV M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M MXM8MY .!T ?3[ GE[TGBB.T bI.T?C.E[V M M M M M M M M M M M M E[? .TA?E; GE[TGB 3GT !VV.E;.T !TV M M M M M M M M M M M M MXMYMH G .B G3 [ . Ga.T [T!?E G3 ! !VV.E;.T !T M M M M M MXMYM GE[TGBB.T .V?;E M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M MXMYM\ cV[.C .T3GTC!E'. M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M" ! - 0! 4 !00-2*/MH E[TG '[?GE M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M/M G GT ?E![. cV[.CV M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M/M\ .B G .B M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M/M\MH .B TG E GE[!'[ G?E[ .BG'?[?.V/M\M .B B?I !E ?T. ? . B?I E;B. M M/M\M\ T?'[?GE G .5'?.E[ !B' B![?GE M M M M M/M\M: !B' B![?GE G3 T?'[?GE GT'.V M M M M M M/M\M8 ?T. !T!'[.T?V[?'V M M M M M M M M M M M/M\MY .7E?[?GE G3 [ . .B ! ? V M M M M M/M: . GCIB.[. . ?'B. G .B M M M M M M M M M M/M:MH !VV?V T!EVB![GTc G[?GE M M M M M M M/M:M !VV?V G[![?GE!B G[?GE M M M M M M M/M:M\ VI.EV?GE M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M/M:M: . '. GEB?E.!T aG [T!'A G .B M MMMMMMMMMM HM HM M :M YM XM /M \HM \ M \\M \8M \YM \/M :\M :8M :YM :FM 8 M 8/M YeM Y:M Y:M Y8M XeM X8M X/M /HM / M /FM FHM F8M F/MMMMMMMMMMMMMMBJ5M \eHM \e M \e:M \e:M \H\M \HFM \ M \ :M \ XM \ XM \ /M \\ M \\:M \\X

GE[.E[VMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM3 ! - 0! 1!A! 2 A A! FMH . ?'B. .BG'?[c V[?C![?GE M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M MFMHMH .EVGT ![! T.ITG'.VV?E; M M M M M M M M M M M M M M MFMHM !BC!E ?B[.T IITG!' M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M MFMHM\ GT[ E[TG '[?GE [G ddc G;?' M M M M M M M M M MFMHM: ddc V[?C![GT M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M MFMHM8 .V B[V G3 . ?'B. .BG'?[c V[?C![GT M M M M M M M M MFM . ?'B. !a ![. V[?C![?GE M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M MFM MH ![! T.ITG'.VV?E; M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M MFM M !a ![. !B' B![?GE V?E; [ . .B I. V M M MFM M\EI [V M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M MFM M: [I [V M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M MFM M8 . ddc cV[.C M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M MFM MY .!V T.C.E[) G E ! G [ T!5' GE B?' G! MFM\ T!@.'[GTc .'GEV[T '[?GE M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M MFM\MH . ?'B. G'![?GE M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M MFM\M .'GEV[T '[. T!@.'[GT?.V M M M M M M M M M M M M M MFM\M\ G V[E.VV E!BcV?V M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M MFM: .E[?7'![?GE G3 . ?'B. !T!C.[.TV M M M M M M M M M M M M M MFM:MH T?'[?GE !T!'[.T?V[?'V M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M MFM:M !VV GC.E[V G3 E.T[?! M M M M M M M M M M M M M M MFM:M\ G'A VGT .T !T!'[.T?V[?'V M M M M M M M M M M M MFM8 IITGb?C![?GE G3 . ?'B. !T!C.[.TV M M M M M M M M M M M MFM8MH !B' B![?GE G3 .B TG E GE[!'[ GT'.V M M M MFM8M !I[![?GE G3 [ . ?T. ? . B?I GEV[!E[V M M M M MFM8M\ IITGb?C![?GE G3 ?[' !E GBB E;B.V M M M M M M MFM8M: IITGb?C![?GE G3 . ?'B. !VV M M M M M M M M M M M MFMY . ?'B. G c ? . B?I E;B. V.T .T M M M M M M M M M M M MFMYMH !V?' .GTc G3 ! GEB?E.!T V.T .T M M M M M M M MFMYM V.T .T .V?;E M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M MFMYM\ !B? ![?GE G3 . ?'B. G c ? . B?I E;B. V.T .TFMX .[.TC?E![?GE G3 [ . G! T! ?.E[ M M M M M M M M M M M M MFMXMH .[ G H) ''.B.T![?GE !E .B I. .[ G MFMXM .[ G ) G .B !V. G! T! ?.E[ V.T MMMMB'5M \8HM \8 M \8\M \88M \8YM \YHM \Y:M \Y:M \Y:M \Y8M \YYM \YXM \Y/M \YFM \YFM \XeM \XHM \X8M \X8M \XFM \/8M \/XM \//M \FHM \F\M \F:M \FYM \FYM \F/M :eeM :e M :e\M :e:5J ! - 0! 42A 40 H A!1 HeMH GE[TGB cV[.CV M M M M M M M M M M M M MHeMHMH GTO . !B!E'. ![ a .B TG! 'GE[!'[HeMHM GE[TGB c'B.V G3 [ . cV[.C M MHeMHM\ c'B. .[.'[?GE M M M M M M M M M MHeM GE[TGB G3 [ . !a cE!C?'V M M M M M M M M MHeM MH .T? ![?GE G3 ?CIB?7. GE[TGB !a MHeM M .T? ![?GE G3 .3.T.E'. !B .V M M M MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM)J3M :eFM :eFM :HeM :H M :H8M :HYM :HF/M8/M:M8 . ?'B. [! ?B?[c E!BcV?V!B? ![?GE G3 [ . . ?'B. G .B M/M8MH !B? ![?GE TG'. T. M M M/M8M !B? ![?GE .V B[V M M M MMMMMMMMMMMMM\: \::\:8\:X

GE[.E[V55 4 2 -E! 4 !0 HHMH G! G .B M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M MHHMHMH .O ?T.C.E[V G3 [ . G! G .B M M M M M M MHHMHM .7E?[?GE G3 [ . G TV. ![ M M M M M M M M MHHMHM\ G! T3!'.V !E ?E [T.E;[ M M M M M MHHM T? .T G .B M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M MHHM\ c T? T? .T G .B M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M MHHM\MH . ?'B. GE[TGB !VAV M M M M M M M M M M M M MHHM\M !T!'[.T?V[?'V G3 [ . C!E !V ! GE[TGBB.THHM\M\ E3GTC![?GE !E B?E; M M M M M M M M M M M M MHHM\M: GCIB.[. T? .T G .B M M M M M M M M M M M MHHM\M8 G .B G3 C!E E3GTC![?GE 'O ?V?[?GE M MHHM\MY E[.T . .E[ TT? !B !E .T ?'. ?C.V M M M MHHM\MX .3.T.E'. !B . !B' B![?GE M M M M M M M M M MHHM\M/ GE;?[ ?E!B !E ![.T!B GE[TGB M M M M M M C'M : 8M : 8M : YM : FM :\eM :\ M :\ M :\:M :\XM ::eM ::HM ::\M ::8M :8H 66!2 -G)?' MH !'G ?!E ![T?'.VZ GEB?E.!T aG [T!'A G .B M M M M M M M M M M M :Y8 M .T?7'![?GE G3 V.T ! ?B?[c M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M :YF M MH [.I H) !cBGT .bI!EV?GE a?[ T.VI.'[ [G [?C. M M M M M M M M :YF M M [.I ) ?E.!T?d![?GE !TG E !'[ !B IG?E[ G3 GI.T![?GE M M M :Xe M M\ TGG3 G3 G V.T ! ?B?[c M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M :XH M\ .V?;E G3 GE[TGBB.TV M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M :X8 M\MH . TG'.VV G .B M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M :X8 M\M .' TV?GE G3 [ . ?GI !E[?E. O ![?GE M M M M M M M M M M M :XY M\M\ . GE[TGB !a M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M :XX M\M: G?'. G3 [ . GE[TGBB.T !T!C.[.TV M M M M M M M M M M M M M :X/ M: T? .T G .B) GEV[!E[V !E .?; [?E; !'[GTV M M M M M M M M M M :XF M8 .!V[ O !T.V !T!C.[.T V[?C![?GE M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M :/e M8MH !T!C.[.T V[?C![?GE c C.!EV G3 .!V[ O !T.V .[ G M :/e M8M !T!C.[.T V[?C![?GE c C.!EV G3 .' TV? . .!V[ O !T.V :/H M8M\ ?V'T.[. GG[ ?B[.T .[ G ?E G !T?!E[ GTC M M M M M M M :/ 41!2 0 AD ! MH ![ .C![?'!B .7E?[?GEV M cV?'!B !T?! B.V M M M M M M\ T. ?![?GEV M M M M M M M M: E?[V M M M M M M M M M M M M - 0-4* 6 H2 :/::FY:FY)3?'J

! )% , ) . ?'B.V !T. EGa 'GCI [.T?d. C!' ?E.VM ?V 3!'[ !V ! !E .EGTCG V .4.'[GE [ . IGVV? ?B?[?.V 3GT 3 E'[?GE!B?[c G3 . ?'B.V* a ?' [G;.[ .T a?[ E. V !E T.O ?T.C.E[V 3TGC ' V[GC.TV !E 3TGC VG'?.[c ! . 'T.![. ?;GTG V !'[? ?[?.V ?E . .BGIC.E[M484 D ; // 0 1 . G .T!BB .C!E V GE ! . ?'B. !T. [ ![ ?[ V G B ITG ? . V!3. !E 'GC3GT[ ! B. [T!EVIGT[![?GE [G;.[ .T a?[ ;GG .E ?TGEC.E[!B ITG[.'[?GE !E ;GG 3 .B.'GEGCcM ?V C.!EV [ ![ [ .T. !T. [ T. C!?E G @.'[? .V 3GT ! [GCG[? . 'GE[TGBVcV[.CV) 5'?.E'c* a ?' B.! V [G BGa.T 3 .B 'GEV CI[?GEM C?VV?GEV V G B . BGa [G ITG[.'[ [ . .E ?TGEC.E[M !3.[c ?V G3 'G TV. ! A.c ?VV .M .T. !T. ! E C .T G3 ! ?[?GE!B G @.'[? .V B?A. 'GC3GT[* T? .! ?B?[c* BGa a.!T*! !?B! ?B?[c* !E BGE; [.TC 3 E'[?GE!B?[cM48B , @3;, ; 0 ;. !Ec G3 [ . [.' EGBG;?.V [ ![ [G !c !T. 'GEV? .T. ! !E'. * VGC.[?C.V . .EE.a* ! . .E !TG E 3GT ! BGE; [?C.M [ ?V [ .T.3GT. ?E[.T.V[?E; [G !VA G T V.B .V a c [ .V. [.' EGBG;?.V !T. V T3!'?E; EGa !V 'GCC.T'?!B ITG '[VM ?T.'[?E@.'[?GE G3 ;!VGB?E. .E;?E.V ?V GE. .b!CIB.M .V. 'GE'.I[V !T. EG[ E.a* . .E

5: ?3 VGC.[?C.V IT.V.E[. VG* [ [ . EG .B[c ?V ?EV[.! [ ![ [ .c EGa a?[ ITGI.T42A 40 '!E !' ?. . 'GCI.[?[? . 3 E'[?GE!B?[c !E I.T3GTC!E'.M[ ?V [ V [ . T.!A[ TG ; G3 'GCI [.T 'GE[TGB [ ![ ?V ! T? ?E; 3!'[GTM ;GG .b!CIB. ?V J E[? BG'A T!A

Automotive Control Systems For Engine, Driveline, and Vehicle. Uwe Kiencke Lars Nielsen Automotive Control Systems For Engine, Driveline, and Vehicle Second edition With 345 figures and 13 tables. Library of Congress Control Number: 20059222