WIXLIB

Jim ElliottConsulting Sales Specialist – System zIBM Canada Ltd.IBM Mainframes –45 Years of Evolution 2010 IBM Corporation

IBMReports of the death of themainframe were premature “I predict that the last mainframe willbe unplugged on March 15, 1996.”– Stewart Alsop, March 1991 “It’s clear that corporate customersstill like to have centrally controlled,very predictable, reliable computingsystems – exactly the kind ofsystems that IBM specializes in.”– Stewart Alsop, February 2002Source: IBM Annual Report 20012 2010 IBM Corporation

In the BeginningThe First Two Generations 2010 IBM Corporation

IBMWell, maybe a little before IBM started out as a merger ofthree US companies, whichbecame units of CTR– Computing Scale– Tabulating Machine– Time Recording The Canadian unit became theInternational Business MachinesCo. Ltd. in 1917 The parent became InternationalBusiness Machines Corporation in19244 2010 IBM Corporation

IBMThe family tree – 1952 to 1964 Several mainframe familiesannounced, designed fordifferent applications Every family had a different,incompatible architecture Within families, moving from onegeneration to the next was amigration– Common compilers mademigration easier – COBOL andFORTRAN5 2010 IBM Corporation

IBMIBM 701 – 19521st generation The first IBM large-scale electronic computer manufactured inquantity IBM's first commercially available scientific computer The first IBM machine in which programs were stored in an internal,addressable, electronic memory The first of the pioneering lineof IBM 700 series computers,including the 702 through 7097016 2010 IBM Corporation

IBMIBM 305 RAMAC – 19561st generation The first computer to include a diskdrive (named the IBM 350 Disk File) Prior to this magnetic computerstorage had consisted of corememory, tape, and drums The 350 Disk File consisted of astack of fifty 24 inch discs The capacity of the entire disk filewas 5 million 7-bit characters, whichworks out to about 4.4 MB in modernparlance7 350 Disk 2010 IBM Corporation

IBMIBM 1401 – 19592nd generation The all-transistorized IBM 1401 Data Processing System placed thefeatures found in electronic data processing systems at the disposal729140214011403of smaller businesses,previously limited to the use ofconventional punched cardequipment These features included: highspeed card punching andreading, magnetic tape inputand output, high speedprinting, stored program, andarithmetic and logical ability8 2010 IBM Corporation

IBMIBM 1440 – 19622nd generation Low-cost system specifically designed to solve the increasing datahandling problems of smaller volume businesses The 1440 met the need for a144314411311complete accounting systemand offered the benefits of abusiness information system With a variety of models andspecial features available forthe 1440, a system could betailored to meet immediatedata processing requirementsand expanded to absorbincreased demands9 2010 IBM Corporation

IBMIBM 7094 – 19622nd generation Built for large-scale scientific computing Compatible with the IBM 7090, the advanced solid-state IBM 7094offered substantial increases in internal operating speeds andfunctional capacities7094 New expanded functions providedwith the IBM 7094 weredouble-precision floating-pointoperations and seven index registers10 2010 IBM Corporation

The April 1964 Revolution3rd generation 2010 IBM Corporation

IBMDuring the 1950s, Data Processing came of age Data Processing machines existed – sorters, collators, tabulators “Computers” were devoted almost entirely to the processing ofcomputationally intensive tasks Demand for computers, as data processing machines, boomed andnew machines were built to meet this demand Customers were getting very frustrated with migration costs thatcame with processor upgrades12 2010 IBM Corporation

IBM13 2010 IBM Corporation

IBMSystem/360 – Announced April 7, 1964 IBM decided to implement a wholly new architecture specificallydesigned both for data processing and to be compatible across awide range of performance levels IBM invested 5B to develop a family of five increasingly powerfulcomputers that run the same operating systems and can usethe same 44 peripheral devicesS/360-75with the same architecture– Architecture published in the S/360Principles of Operation– 24-bit addressing (32-bit architecture)– Solid logic circuit cards2401142311 2010 IBM Corporation

IBMSystem/360 – a child is born Hardware– One main storage, maximum size is 16MB– One or two Central Processing Units (CPUs)– One to seven Channels- Selector or Byte Multiplexor- Block Multiplexor– Control Units (which connect to Channels)– Devices (which connect to Control Units) Family of operating systems from IBM– Operating System/360 (OS/360)– Disk Operating System/360 (DOS/360)– Tape Operating System (TOS)– Basic Programming Support (BPS)– Airlines Control Program (ACP)15 2010 IBM Corporation

IBMCoreMemory16 2010 IBM Corporation

IBMS/360 familyModelAnnouncedFirst ShippedWithdrawnModelAnnouncedFirst ShippedWithdrawn20 518-Nov-64Apr-66n/a6522-Apr-65Nov-65 6 6,715-Mar-77253-Jan-68Oct-687-Oct-77707-Apr-64Not Shipped ot Shipped 3n/a607-Apr-64Not Shipped 122-Apr-6595Feb-68n/a627-Apr-64Not Shipped 122-Apr-65195Mar-719-Feb-771.2.3.4.5.6.7.n/a 17420-Aug-69Replaced by Model 65.Replaced by Model 75.Redesignated as Model 91.Offered on special government contract.Model 20 architecture differed in some respects from other S/360 models.MP models of the Model 65 and Model 67 were made available in 1968.The S/360-67 was the first Virtual Storage mainframe from IBM.Not available.Sources: A. Pedegs, "System/360 And Beyond," IBM Journal Of Research And Development, Vol. 25, No. 5, September 1981, Table 2, p. 387;various data on file in IBM Corporate Archives. 2010 IBM Corporation

IBMSystem/360 Model 2019662560 Multi-Function Card Machine Special purpose“entry level” S/360 24K of core memory Half the registers ofother models Instruction set thatwas not binarycompatible with therest of the S/360family Popular as an RJEworkstation18 2010 IBM Corporation

IBMSystem/360 Model 67 First IBM system with virtual storage capabilities– S/360 Model 65 with addition of the Dynamic Address TranslationfacilityS/360-67 Operating systems– Time Sharing System (TSS) –The “official” operating systemfrom IBM Data Systems Division– Control Program/67 (CP/67) with theCambridge Monitor System CMS) –The “unofficial” operating systemfrom the IBM Cambridge ScientificCenter“DAT box”– Michigan Terminal System (MTS)from the University of MichiganUniversity of Newcastle Upon Tyne19 2010 IBM Corporation

IBMIBM 9020 SystemAir Traffic Control system The 9020 was a conglomeration of IBM System 360 computers– Models were made up of IBM System 360 Model 65s hooked togetherinto a highly redundant and reliable single system image and Model 50’sas IO Control Elements Here is a picture of the operator control panel forone computing element of a 9020E system, whichlooked a great deal like a Model 65 panel, but withadditions specific to the air traffic controlconfiguration A complete 9020E was made up of three or fourModel 65s, three Model 50s, storage units, andperipheral adapters for things like displays andincoming radar data20 2010 IBM Corporation

IBMSystem/370 – Announced June 30, 1970 Compatible upgrade from S/360 370 Model 145 is the first computer with fully integrated monolithicmemory (circuits in which all of the same elements – resistors,capacitors and diodes – are fabricated on a single slice of silicon)and 128-bit bi-polar chips New peripherals“We are confident that the performance– 3330/3340/3350 diskof System/370, its compatibility, its– 3211 printerengineering and its programming willmake it stand out as the landmark forthe 1970s that System/360 was for theSixties.”Tom Watson, Jr.IBM Chairman and CEO1961-197121 2010 IBM Corporation

IBMSystem/370 with Virtual StorageAnnounced August 2, 1972 Compatible upgrade from S/370 with virtual storage First popular multiprocessor models (158MP, 168MP) Family of operating systems3850 Mass Storage Subsystem– OS/360 OS/VS3705S/370-148– DOS/360 DOS/VS– CP/67 VM/3703505223203352533503270 2010 IBM Corporation

IBMS/370 – the architecture matures Virtual storage– 2KB or 4KB pages of memory– 64KB or 1MB segment sizes– Translation of virtual addresses toreal addresses using DynamicAddress Translation (DAT) logic– Segment tables point to pagelocations Channel architecture– 256 channels CPU changes– Extended MP support via CPUaddress2330333031 2010 IBM Corporation

IBMS/370 familyModelAnnouncedFirst ShippedWithdrawnModelAnnouncedFirst 0-Jun-70Jan-71 -76Sep-76 r-71 eb-76Jun-76 n-76Jan-771-Nov-831. Shortly after the August 2nd, 1972 announcement, DAT box (address relocation hardware) upgrades for the S/370-155 and S/370-165 werequietly announced, but were available only for purchase by customers who already owned a Model 155 or 165. After installation, these modelswere known as the S/370-155-II and S/370-165-II. The original S/370-155 and S/370-165 were the only S/370 machines which were not VirtualStorage capable.2. An Attached Processor (AP) model of the S/370-158 and Multi-Processor models of the S/370-158 and S/370-168 were made available in 1976with the “-3” update. Sources: A. Pedegs, "System/360 And Beyond," IBM Journal Of Research And Development, Vol. 25, No. 5, September 1981, Table 2, p. 387;various data on file in IBM Corporate Archives.24 2010 IBM Corporation

IBMS/370 family continues3032ModelAnnouncedFirst ShippedWithdrawn30316-Oct-77Mar-78 r-78 v-801981 1Q5-Feb-85308112-Nov-801981 4Q4-Aug-874331 4381-E 5Feb-88n/aAug-881.2.3.4.5.n/a 25An MP model of the 3033 was made available in 1978.An AP model of the 3031 was made available in 1979.An AP model of the 3033 was made available in 1980.The 4321 was a half speed model of the 4331-2 made available only in the US.The 4381-E models were 4381-2 models modified to support ESA/370 via LICC.Not available.Sources: A. Pedegs, "System/360 And Beyond," IBM Journal Of Research And Development, Vol. 25, No. 5, September 1981, Table 2, p. 387;various data on file in IBM Corporate Archives. 2010 IBM Corporation

IBMSystem/370 with Extended Architecture Evolution of S/370 3081 introduced ThermalConduction Modules New peripherals– 3800 page printer– 3370/3380 disk– 3480 tape Family of operating systems– OS/VS MVS/SP MVS/XA– DOS/VS VSE/SP– VM/370 VM/SP, VM/SP HPO– VM/370 VM/XA MA VM/XA SF VM/XA SP263083 2010 IBM Corporation

IBM370-XA – radical surgery for the architecture Extended storage addressing– 24-bit or 31-bit addressing– 4KB pages in 1MB segments Interpretive execution facility– Start Interpretive Execution (SIE) instruction– SIE runs until interception condition raised– Used by VM/XA– Multiple High Performance Guest Support Facility (MHPGSF) to support V Fguests on VM/XA SP Rename Processor Resource/Systems Manager (PR/SM) when Logical Partitions(LPAR) announced 370-XA channel design– CHPIDs– Subchannels27 2010 IBM Corporation

IBMSystem/370 with Enterprise Systems Architecture Extension of 370-XA– Expanded Storage– Multiple 31-bit address spaces Common set of peripheral devices– 3390 disk– 3490 tape Family of operating systems– MVS/XA MVS/ESA– VSE/SP VSE/ESA– VM/XA SP VM/ESA283090 2010 IBM Corporation

IBMSystem/390 with Enterprise Systems ArchitectureAnnounced September 1990 Evolution of ESA/370 1994 – S/390 Parallel Transaction Server– Family of CMOS processors 1998 – System/390 Generation 5 server – more than 1,000 MIPS 1999 – System/390 Generation 6 server – copper chip technology Common set of peripheral devices– RAMAC, Enterprise Storage Subsystem disk– 3590 Magstar tape Family of operating systems– MVS/ESA OS/390– VSE/ESA– VM/ESA– AIX/ESA– Linux for S/390 (December 1999)299672-G5ES/9000 2010 IBM Corporation