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COMPOSITE INDEXASHRAE HANDBOOK SERIESThis index covers the current Handbook series published byASHRAE. The four volumes in the series are identified as follows:ASFR The page reference for an index entry includes the book letterand the chapter number, which may be followed by a decimal pointand the beginning page in the chapter. For example, the page number S31.4 means the information may be found in the 2016 HVACSystems and Equipment volume, Chapter 31, beginning on page 4.Each Handbook volume is revised and updated on a four-yearcycle. Because technology and the interests of ASHRAE memberschange, some topics are not included in the current Handbookseries but may be found in the earlier Handbook editions cited inthe index.2015 HVAC Applications2016 HVAC Systems and Equipment2017 Fundamentals2018 RefrigerationAlphabetization of the index is letter by letter; for example, Heaters precedes Heat exchangers, and Floors precedes Floor slabs.14Abbreviations, F38Absorbentsliquid, F2.14; F32.3refrigerant pairs, F2.15Absorptionammonia/water, F30.71hydrogen cycle, R18.14technology, R18.12chillers, S3.5turbines, S8.6coefficient of performance (COP), F2.14dehumidification, S24.12equipment, R18.1evolving technologies, R18.15ideal thermal, F2.13industrial exhaust gas cleaning, S30.17refrigeration cycles, F2.13ammonia/water, F30.71calculations, F2.19cascaded, F2.17coupling, F2.16double-effect, F2.17lithium bromide/water, F2.17; F30.71modeling analysis and performance, F2.17phase constraints, F2.14representations, F2.16solar cooling, A35.18, 27; S37.4, 10water/lithium bromide technologycomponents, R18.1control, R18.11double-effect chillers, R18.5maintenance, R18.12operation, R18.10single-effect chillers, R18.3terminology, R18.1working fluids, F2.15Acoustics. See SoundActivated alumina, S24.1, 4, 12Activated carbon adsorption, A46.7Adaptation, environmental, F9.17ADPI. See Air diffusion performance index(ADPI)Adsorbentsimpregnated, S30.24solid, A46.7; F32.4Adsorptiondehumidification, S24.1, 12indoor air cleaning, A46.7industrial exhaust gas cleaning, S30.23moisture, F32.1solid-vapor sorption, F2.20Aeration, of farm crops, A25Aerosols, S29.1AFDD. See Automated fault detection anddiagnostics (AFDD)Affinity laws for centrifugal pumps, S44.8AFUE. See Annual fuel utilization efficiency(AFUE)AHU. See Air handlersAirage of, and ventilation, F16.5changes per hour (ACH), F16.4drying, S24.13flux, F25.2liquefaction, R47.8permeability, F25.2permeance, F25.2separation, R47.17transfer, F25.2Air barriers, F25.9; F26.5Airborne infectious diseases, F10.7Air cleaners. (See also Filters, air; Industrialexhaust gas cleaning)gaseous (indoor air)adsorbers, A46.7chemisorbers, A46.9economics, A46.15energy consumption, A46.15environmental effects on, A46.17installation, A46.16media selection, A46.11operation and maintenance, A46.17safety, A46.16sizing, A46.12terminology, A46.1testing, A46.17types, A46.11industrial exhaust systems, A32.8particulatecontaminants, S29.1industrial ventilation, S29.2particle collection mechanisms, S29.2penetration, S29.3residential, S29.10safety requirements, S29.11selection, S29.8standards, S29.3, 5test methods, S29.2typesair washers, S41.9I.1combination, S29.5electronic, S10.2; S29.5, 7; S33.2evaporative coolers, S41.9maintenance, S29.8media filters, S29.5Air conditioners. (See also Central airconditioning)packaged terminal (PTAC), S50.5design, S50.6heavy-duty commercial grade, S2.3sizes and classifications, S50.5testing, S50.7residential, A1split systems, S2.6through-the-wall room units, A1.7unitary, A1.4retail stores, A2.1rooftop units, S2.9roomcodes and standards, S50.4design, S50.1features, S50.3filters, S50.4installation and service, S50.5noise, S50.4performance, S50.2sizes and classifications, S50.1split systems, S49.1coil placement, S49.9residential and light-commercial, S2.6unitaryair handlers, S49.8application, S49.1capacity control, S49.8certification, S49.7circuit components, S49.7codes and standards, S49.6, 7desuperheaters, S49.4efficiency, S49.6electrical design, S49.8installation, S49.2mechanical design, S49.9piping, S49.7refrigerant circuit control, S49.7service, S49.2space conditioning/water heating,S49.5types, S49.2unit ventilators, S28.1window-mounted, S2.3
I.22018 ASHRAE Handbook—RefrigerationAir conditioning. (See also Central airconditioning)airports, A3.6animal buildings, A24.4arenas, A5.4atriums, A5.9auditoriums, A5.3automobiles, A10.1bakeries, R41buses, A11.2bus terminals, A3.7changeover temperature, S5.12, 13clean spaces, A18commercial buildings, A3.1; S2.7computer rooms, A19concert halls, A5.4convention centers, A5.5data centers, A19desiccant dehumidification and, S24.11dormitories, A6.1, 8educational facilities, A7.1engine test facilities, A17.1equipmentoutdoor, S2.9refrigeration, S3.4exhibition centers, A5.5fairs, A5.8fixed-guideway vehicles, A11.7gymnasiums, A5.5health care facilities, A8hospitals, A8.2nursing facilities, A8.15outpatient, A8.14hotels and motels, A6houses of worship, A5.3ice rinks, A5.5industrial environments, A14; A31kitchens, A33laboratories, A16.1mass transit, A11.2mines, A29natatoriums, A5.6nuclear facilities, A28office buildings, A3.1paper products facilities, A26.2photographic processing and storage areas,A22.1places of assembly, A5plant growth chambers, A24.17power plants, A27.11printing plants, A20public buildings, A3.1rail cars, A11.5retrofitting, contaminant control, R7.9solar energy systems, A35.15, 18, 27subway stations, A15.14swimming areas, A5.6systemsdecentralized, S2.1floor-by-floor, S2.7forced-air, small, S10.1packaged, S2.9radiant panel S6.1selection, S1.1, 9self-contained, S2.7space requirements, S1.6split, S2.6telecommunication facilities, A19R 2018 Refrigerationtemporary exhibits, A5.8textile processing plants, A21.4theaters, A5.3transportation centers, A3.6warehouses, A3.8wood products facilities, A26.1Air contaminants, F11. (See alsoContaminants)Aircraft, A12air conditioning, A12.10air distribution, A12.12air filters, A12.9, 14air quality, A12.13cabin pressurizationcontrol, A12.11, 13performance, A12.9, 15carbon dioxide concentration, A12.14environmental control system (ECS),A12.11, 13, 15air-conditioning packs, A12.9air-cycle machine, A12.10cabin pressure control, A12.9, 11, 13, 15design conditions, A12.1engine bleed air system, A12.9load determination, A12.1outdoor air, A12.9pneumatic system, A12.9regulations, A12.14heating, A12.6humidity, A12.12oxygen levels, A12.1, 9ozone concentration, A12.12, 14, 15ventilation, A12.6, 15Air curtainsdisplay cases, R15.6units, S20.12Air diffusers, S20sound control, A48.14testing, A38.2Air diffusion, F20air jets, F20.2, 3Archimedes number, F20.6attached, F20.2, 7axial, F20.2, 3behavior, F20.3centerline velocity, F20.4Coanda effect, F20.2, 7drop, F20.2entrainment ratios, F20.6expansion zones, F20.4free, F20.2, 3fundamentals, F20.3isothermal, F20.2, 3multiple, F20.7nonisothermal, F20.2, 3spread, F20.2surface (wall and ceiling), F20.7throw, F20.2, 5velocity profile, F20.6velocity, terminal, F20.2vena contracta, F20.2applications, A57aspect ratio, F20.2core area, F20.2diffuser, F20.1discharge, coefficient of, F20.2distribution, F20.2draft, F20.2F 2017 Fundamentalseffective area, F20.2, 5equipment, S20free area, F20.2induction, F20.2induction ratio, F20.2neck area, F20.2occupied zone, F20.2outlets, F20.2primary air, F20.2space, F20.1stratification height, F20.2stratified zone, F20.2terminology, F20.2thermal plumes, F20.7total air, F20.2Air diffusion performance index (ADPI),A57.5Air dispersion systems, fabric, S19.11Air distribution, A57; F20; S4; S20aircraft cabins, A12.12air terminals, A57.1animal environments, A24.3, 6applications, A57buildings, S4.1central system, A42.1control, S4.17ductwork, S1.8; S4.10equipment, S20fixed-guideway vehicles, A11.9forced-air systems, small, S10.7industrial environments, A31.3in-room terminal systems, S5.10isovels, A57.5kitchen makeup air, A33.22laboratories, A16.9mapping, A57.5occupied zone, A57.1places of assembly, A5.2rail cars, A11.7retail stores, A2.1ships, A13.2, 4sound control, A48.8, 38systems, A57.1design considerations, A57.2fully stratified, A57.6mixed, A57.2partially mixed, A57.9rooms, A57.1terminal boxes, A47.13testing, adjusting, balancing, A38.3textile processing plants, A21.6zone control, A47.17Air exchange rateair changes per hour (ACH), F16.4modeling, F16.23multizone measurement, F16.7time constants, F16.4tracer gas measurement method, F16.6Air filters. See Filters, airAirflowair-to-transmission ratio, S5.13around buildings, F24air intake contamination estimation, F24.12coefficients wind pressure, F24.4computational modeling, F24.12internal pressure, F24.10LES model, F24.13modeling and testing, F24.12S 2016 HVAC Systems and EquipmentA 2015 HVAC Applications
Composite IndexI.3patterns, A45.3; F24.1RANS model, F24.13through building components, F25.9clean spaces, A18.4computational fluid dynamics, A40.14computer-aided modeling, A18.5condensersair-cooled, S39.9evaporative, S39.16control, F25; F26; F27and convection, F25.6displacement flow, F16.3entrainment flow, F16.3exhaust hoods, A32.3furnaces, S33.2with heat and moisture flow, F25.14laminar, A18.4measurement of, A38.2modelingin buildings, F13hygrothermal, F25.15nonunidirectional, A18.4perfect mixing, F16.3pressure differentials, F25.5solar energy systems, A35.26terminology, F25.2tracking, A47.10transport velocity, A32.7unidirectional, A18.4, 17, 18velocity measurement, F37.15volumetric rate, F16.3and water vapor flow, F25.12winddata, F24.4, 7effects on system operation, F24.8velocity pressure (Bernoulli equation), F24.4wind tunnels, F24.12Airflow retarders, F25.9Air flux, F25.2. (See also Airflow)Air handlersall-air systems, S4.3cooling, S4.4dampers, S4.7, 7dehumidification, S4.6, 9distribution systems, A42.1draw-through, S4.3economizers, S4.7fans, S4.4, 6, 9filter, S4.8heating, S4.5humidification, S4.5, 9location, S4.4mixing plenum, S4.7psychrometrics, S4.4reheat, S4.9sequencing, A42.42set point reset, A42.43sound levels, A48.8strategies, A42.42unitary, air conditioners, S49.8vibration isolation, S4.10Air inletsapplications, S20.7types, S20.7Air intakesdesign, A45.1hospitals, A8.3location to avoid contamination, A45.2R 2018 Refrigerationoutdoor, S4.7vehicular facilities, enclosed, A15.37Air jets. See Air diffusionAir leakage. (See also Infiltration)area, F16.16building distribution, F16.17commercial buildings, F16.26controlling, air-vapor retarder, F16.18leakage function, F16.15measurement, F16.15, 16Air mixers, S4.8Air outletsaccessories, S20.5dampers, S20.5, 5, 7location, S10.3selection, S20.2, 4smudging, S20.2sound level, S20.2supply, S20.2surface effects, S20.2temperature differential, S20.2types, S20.2Airports, air conditioning, A3.6Air quality. [See also Indoor air quality (IAQ)]aircraft cabins, A12.13animal buildings, A24.2bus terminals, A15.24diesel locomotive facilities, A15.29parking garages, A15.19road tunnels, A15.9tollbooths, A15.27Air terminal units (ATUs)air distribution, S4.16constant volume, S4.16fan-powered, S4.17humidifiers, S4.17induction, S4.17reheat boxes, S4.16throttling, S4.16variable-air-volume (VAV), S4.16Airtightness, F37.24Air-to-air energy recovery, S26Air-to-transmission ratio, S5.13Air transport, R27altitude effects, R27.1, 3animals, R27.2commodity requirements, R27.2design considerations, R27.2galley refrigeration, R27.5ground handling, R27.4perishable cargo, R27.1refrigeration, R27.3shipping containers, R27.3Air washersair cleaning, S41.9coolers, S41.7dehumidification performance factor, S41.8heat and mass transfer, simultaneous, F6.12humidification, S41.8maintenance, S41.9spray, S41.7textile processing plants, A21.4water treatment, A49.18; S41.9Algae, control, A49.11All-air systemsadvantages, S4.1air distribution, S4.10air handlers, S4.3F 2017 Fundamentalsair terminal units (ATUs), S4.16buildings, S4.1constant-volume, S4.11, 12control, S4.17cooling, S4.4, 8costs, S4.3dehumidification, S4.6, 9disadvantages, S4.1dual-duct, S4.12economizers, S4.7heating, S4.2, 5humidification, S4.5, 9multizone, S4.13primary equipment, S4.4single-duct, S4.11variable-air-volume (VAV), S4.11, 12zoning, S4.2Altitude, effects ofair-cooling and dehumidifying coils, S23.3, 4, 6air transport, R27.1, 2, 3ambient temperature, F25.3chimney, vent, and fireplace draft calculations,S35.7, 33combustion and fuel calculations, F28.3; S7.8,10, 19; S31.10fans, S21.5hydronic heat-distributing units and radiators,S36.5load calculations, F16.12; F18.14outdoor air thermal loads, F16.11psychrometrics, F1.1, 16Ammoniaabsorptionammonia/water, F2.19; R18.12ammonia/water/hydrogen, R18.14in animal environments, A24.2, 9properties, F30.40–41system practices, R2and water, F30.70–71Anchor bolts, seismic restraint, A55.7Anemometersair devices, A38.2types, F37.15Animal environmentsair contaminantsammonia, A24.2, 9carbon dioxide, A24.2air distribution, A24.3, 6air inlets, A24.6air quality control, A24.2air transport, R27.2cattle, beef and dairy, A24.7cooling, A24.4design, A24.1disease control, A24.3evaporative cooling, A24.4; A52.14fans, A24.6heating, A24.4hydrogen sulfide, A24.2insulation, A24.5laboratory conditions, A16.14; A24.9moisture control, A24.2particulate matter (PM), A24.2poultry, A24.8shades, A24.3swine, A24.7temperature control, A24.1ventilation, A24.5S 2016 HVAC Systems and EquipmentA 2015 HVAC Applications
I.42018 ASHRAE Handbook—RefrigerationAnnual fuel utilization efficiency (AFUE),S34.2Antifreezecoolants, secondary, F31.4ethylene glycol, F31.4hydronic systems, S13.24propylene glycol, F31.4Antisweat heaters (ASH), R15.5Apartment buildingsservice water heating, A50.11, 18ventilation, A1.8Aquifers, thermal storage, S51.7Archimedes number, F20.6Archives. See Museums, galleries, archives,and librariesArenasair conditioning, A5.4smoke control, A53.16Argon, recovery, R47.17Asbestos, F10.5ASH. See Antisweat heaters (ASH)Atriumsair conditioning, A5.9smoke control, A53.16Attics, unconditioned, F27.2Auditoriums, A5.3Automated fault detection and diagnostics(AFDD), A39.5; A61.1benefits, A61.3, 5controller-embedded, A61.4detection, A61.1, 5diagnosis, A61.1evaluation, A61.2methods, A61.2tools, A61.4Automobilesengine test facilities, A17.1HVAC, A10design factors, A10.1subsystems, A10.3Autopsy rooms, A8.9; A9.6, 7Avogadro’s law, and fuel combustion, F28.11Backflow-prevention devices, S47.14BACnet , A40.18; F7.18Bacteriacontrol, A49.11food, growth in, R22.1humidifiers, growth in, S22.1pathogens, F10.8Bakery products, R41air conditioning, R41.1bread, R41cooling, R41.4dough production, R41.2freezing, R41.5ingredient storage, R41.1refrigeration, R16.3; R41.1slicing, R41.5wrapping, R41.5Balance point, heat pumps, S49.9Balancing. (See also Testing, adjusting, andbalancing)air distribution systems, A38.3dual-duct systems, A38.4HVAC systems, A38.1hydronic systems, A38.6induction systems, A38.6kitchen ventilation systems, A33.2R 2018 Refrigerationrefrigeration systems, R5.1steam distribution systems, A38.15temperature controls, A38.16variable-air-volume (VAV) systems, A38.4BAS. See Building automation systems (BAS)Baseboard unitsapplication, S36.5design, S36.3finned-tube, S36.2nonstandard condition corrections, S36.3radiant, S36.2rating, S36.3Basementsconditioned, A44.11heat loss, F17.11; F18.37heat transfer, F27.2moisture control, A44.11unconditioned, A44.11Bayesian analysis, F19.37Beer’s law, F4.16BEMP. See Building energy modelingprofessional (BEMP)Bernoulli equation, F21.1generalized, F3.2, 6kinetic energy factor, F3.2steady flow, F3.12wind velocity pressure, F24.4Best efficiency point (BEP), S44.8Beverages, R39beer, R39.1storage requirements, R21.11carbonated, R39.10coolers, R39.10fruit juice, R38.1liquid carbon dioxide storage, R39.12refrigeration systems, R39.11refrigerators for, R16.3thermal properties, R19.1time calculationscooling, R20.1freezing, R20.7wineproduction, R39.8storage temperature, R39.10BIM. See Building information modeling(BIM)Bioaerosolsairbornebacteria, F11.2, 6fungus spores, F11.2microbiological particulate, F11.6mold, F11.7pollen, F11.2sampling, F11.7testing, F11.8viruses, F11.2origins, F11.1particles, F10.5Biocides, control, A49.13Biodiesel, F28.8Biological safety cabinets, A16.5Biomanufacturing cleanrooms, A18.9Bioterrorism. See Chemical, biological, radiological, and explosive (CBRE) incidentsBoilers, F19.21; S32air supply, S35.28burners, S31.1burner types, S32.7F 2017 Fundamentalscarbonic acid, S11.2centralmultifamily, A1.7classifications, S32.1codes, S32.6combination, S32.4condensing, S32.3construction materials, S32.1controls, A42.39; A47.1; S32.7flame safeguard, S32.8draft types, S32.3dry-base, S32.2efficiency, S32.6electric, S32.5equipment, S3.5gas-fired, S31.5, 11venting, S35.20integrated, S32.4modeling, F19.21noncondensing, S32.3oil-fired venting, S35.21piping, S11.3rating, S32.6residential, A1.3scotch marine, S32.3selection, S32.5service water heating, A50.25sizing, S32.6standards, S32.6steam, S32.1systems, S11.3stokers, S31.17venting, S35.20, 21wall-hung, S32.4waste heat, S11.3water, S32.1water treatment, A49.15blowdown, A49.17wet-base, S32.2wet-leg, S32.2working pressure, S32.1Boilingcritical heat flux, F5.4evaporatorsflow mechanics, F5.4heat transfer, F5.6film, F5.2natural convection systems, F5.1nucleate, F5.1, 2pool, F5.1Brake horsepower, S44.8Brayton cyclecryogenics, R47.11gas turbine, S7.19Bread, R41Breweriescarbon dioxide production, R39.6refrigerationfermenting cellar, R39.4Kraeusen cellar, R39.5stock cellar, R39.5systems, R39.8wort cooler, R39.3storage tanks, R39.6vinegar production, R39.8Brines. See Coolants, secondaryBuilding automation systems (BAS), A40.18;A61.1; F7.14S 2016 HVAC Systems and EquipmentA 2015 HVAC Applications
Composite IndexI.5Building energy modeling professional(BEMP), F19.5Building energy monitoring, A41. (See alsoEnergy, monitoring)Building envelopesair barrier, A44.1requirements, A44.5air intrusion, A44.2air leakage control, A44.4attics, A44.8bound water, A44.2building assembly, A44.1building enclosure, A44.1component, A44.1condensation, A44.1; S22.3convective loop, A44.2driving rain load, F25.4dropped ceiling, A44.7durability, A44.1energy conservation, A44.1exfiltration, A44.2existing buildingschanging HVAC equipment in,A44.11envelope modifications in, A44.12face-sealed systems, A44.9fenestration, A44.2foundations, A44.11heat transfer through, A44.11moisture effects, A44.11historic buildings, A44.11hygrothermal design analysis, A44.2infiltration, A44.2insulation, F26.1interstitial spaces, A44.7interzonal environmental loads, A44.7material properties, F26moisture content, A44.2moisture control, A44.5museums, galleries, archives, and libraries,A23.13plenum, A44.2return air, A44.7rain screen designs, A44.9roofs, A44.8insulated sloped assemblies, A44.8low-slope assemblies, A44.8steep-roof assemblies, A44.8vegetated roofing, A44.8R-value, A44.2clear-wall, A44.4material, A44.2system, A44.2total, A44.2sorption, A44.2structural failure, from moisture, F25.16surface condensation, A44.7terminology, A44.1thermalbreak, A44.2bridges, A44.2; F25.8insulation, A44.2mass, A44.4performance, A44.4transmittance, A44.2U-factor (thermal transmittance), A44.2; F25.7vaporbarrier, continuous, A44.5R 2018 Refrigerationdiffusion control, A44.2retarder (vapor barrier), A44.2wall/window interface, A44.6walls, A44.9curtain, A44.9precast concrete panels, A44.9steel-stud, A44.10water-resistive barrier (WRB), A44.2wind washing, A44.2zone method, A44.4Building information modeling (BIM), A40.15Building materials, properties, F26Buildingsair barrier, A62.6airtight duct connections, A62.9damp, A62.1human health, A62.1dampness risk, A62.3dew point, A62.8drainage plane, A62.6flashing, A62.6moisture, A62.2content, A62.11risk, A62.3mold, A62.1mold-resistant gypsum board, A62.7positive pressure, A62.9problemscauses, A62.1dampness A62.1roof overhang, A62.7sill pans, A62.6vinyl wall covering, A62.7water barrier, A62.6Building thermal masscharging and discharging, S51.20effects of, S51.19precooling, A42.44Burnersair supply, S35.28controls, S31.20conversion, S31.4, 6dual-fuel gas/oil, S31.14gas-fired, S31.3altitude compensation, S31.10combustion and adjustments, S31.20commercial, S31.6industrial, S31.6residential, S31.5venting, S35.20oil-fired, S31.11commercial, S31.12fuel handling, S31.15industrial, S31.12residential, S31.11venting, S35.21venting, S35.20, 21Busesair conditioning, A11.2garage ventilation, A15.22Bus terminalsair conditioning, A3.7physical configuration, A15.24ventilationeffects of alternative fuel use, A15.26equipment, A15.33operation areas, A15.24platforms, A15.24F 2017 FundamentalsButane, commercial, F28.5CAD. See Computer-aided design(CAD)Cafeterias, service water heating, A50.11, 21Calcium chloride brines, F31.1Candychocolate, R42.1manufacture, R42.1storage, R42.6Capillary action, and moisture flow, F25.10Capillary tubescapacity balance, R11.25characteristic curve, R11.25pressure-reducing device, R11.24restrictor orifice, S23.2selection, R11.27Carbon dioxidein aircraft cabins, A12.14in animal environments, A24.2combustion, F28.1, 13greenhouse enrichment, A24.14liquefaction, R39.7measurement, F37.25refrigerant, R3.1for retail food stores, R15.17storage, R39.12Carbon emissions, F34.7Carbon monoxideanalyzers, A15.10, 11health effects, F10.15parking garages, A15.19, 20road tunnels, A15.9tollbooths, A15.27Cargo containers, R25airborne sound, R25.8air circulation, R25.3ambient design factors, R25.7commodity precooling, R25.11control, R25.6, 12controlled atmosphere, R25.6costs, owning and operating, R25.11design, R25.1equipmentattachment provisions, R25.3design and selection factors, R25.7, 10operating efficiency, R25.8qualification testing, R25.9selection, R25.10system application factors, R25.10types, R25.3heating only, R25.6insulation barrier, R25.1load calculations, R25.10maintenance, R25.12mechanical cooling and heating, R25.3operations, R25.11qualification testing, R25.9safety, R25.8sanitation, R25.3shock and vibration, R25.7space considerations, R25.12system application, R25.10temperature-controlled transport, R25.1temperature settings, R25.12use, R25.11vapor barrier, R25.1ventilation, R25.6, 12Carnot refrigeration cycle, F2.6S 2016 HVAC Systems and EquipmentA 2015 HVAC Applications
I.62018 ASHRAE Handbook—RefrigerationCattle, beef and dairy, A24.7. (See also Animalenvironments)CAV. See Constant air volume (CAV)Cavitation, F3.13pumps, centrifugal, S44.10valves, S47.2CBRE. See Chemical, biological, radiological,and explosive (CBRE) incidentsCEER. See Combined energy efficiency ratio(CEER)Ceiling effect. See Coanda effectCeilingsnatural ventilation, F16.13sound correction, A48.31sound transmission, A48.38Central air conditioning, A42. (See also Airconditioning)Central plantschiller, S12.2cooling and heating, S3.1distribution design, S12.11district heating and cooling, S12.8emission control, S12.11heating medium, S12.8hotels and motels, A6.8thermal storage, S12.10Central systemscooling and heating, S3.1features, S1.4furnaces, S33.1humidifiers, S22.6residential forced air, S10.1space requirements, S1.6in tall buildings, A4.14acoustical considerations, A4.17economic considerations, A4.14location, A4.16ventilation, with in-room terminal systems,S5.3Cetane number, engine fuels, F28.9CFD. See Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)Change-point regression models, F19.28Charge minimization, R1.36Charging, refrigeration systems, R8.4Chemical, biological, radiological, andexplosive (CBRE) incidents, A59biological events, A59.9building envelope as protection, F16.11, 20chemical agent types, A59.6gases and vapors, A59.8incapacitating, A59.7irritants, A59.7toxic, A59.7chemical events, A59.6commissioning, A59.6explosive events, A59.11design considerations, A59.11loading description, A59.11radiological events, A59.10Chemical plantsautomation, R46.3energy recovery, R46.4flow sheets, R46.1instrumentation and controls, R46.8outdoor construction, R46.4piping, R46.8pumps, R46.8refrigerationR 2018 Refrigerationcompressors, R46.6condensers, R46.7cooling towers, R46.8equipment, R46.3, 6evaporators, R46.7load, R46.2safety requirements, R46.2spray ponds, R46.8systems, R46.1, 5safety requirements, R46.2specifications, R46.1tanks, R46.8Chemisorption, A46.9Chilled beams, S20.10Chilled water (CW)combined heat and power (CHP) distribution,S7.44district heating and cooling, S12.9, 27optimal temperature, A42.12pumping system, A42.13, 24pump sequencing, A42.12, 15reset, A42.12, 13systems, S13.1, 18central plant, A38.14heat transfer vs. flow, A38.7one-pipe, S13.19testing, adjusting, balancing, A38.8two-pipe, S13.20thermal storage, S51.4water treatment, A49.18Chillersabsorption, S3.5ammonia/water, R18.12heat-activated, S7.38water/lithium bromide, R18.3blast, R16.3central plants, A47.4; S12.2centrifugalair-cooled, S43.12controls, S43.10equipment, S43.7fouling, S43.10free cooling, S43.11hot-gas bypass, S43.9maintenance, S43.12purge units, S43.11rating, S43.10refrigerantselection, S43.8transfer units, S43.11selection methods, S43.10temperature lift, S43.9control, A47.4capacity, S43.3, 14considerations, S43.10regulating, S43.4safety, S43.4costs, S43.3direct expansion, R1.22; S43.1economizing, S43.1expansion turbines, S43.1flash, S43.1heat recovery, S43.11injection, S43.1liquid-chilling systems, S43liquid heads, S43.3load distribution, A42.16maintenance, S43.5, 12, 15F 2017 Fundamentalsmarine water boxes, S43.3noise generation, A48.15; S43.10optimization, A47.5prerotation vanes, S43.4, 9reciprocatingcomponents, S43.5control, S43.6equipment, S43.5performance, S43.6refrigerant selection, S43.6selection methods, S43.6refrigeration cycle, S43.1screwapplications, S43.15capacity control, S43.14components, S43.13equipment, S43.13maintenance, S43.15performance, S43.14selection methods, S43.3, 6, 10sequencing, A42.15, 19standards, S43.4subcooling, S43.1and turbines, S8.5variable-flow, S43.2variable-speed, S43.4, 9vibration control, S43.10walk-in, R16.4Chilton-Colburn j-factor analogy, F6.7Chimneys, S35accessories, S35.30capacity calculation examples, S35.14caps, S35.33codes, S35.35design equations, S35.3draft, S35.1altitude effects, S35.7, 32available, S35.1, 3theoretical, S35.2, 3fireplace, S35.1, 23flue gas, S35.1functions, S35.2gas, appliance venting, S35.20masonry, S35.20, 22materials, S35.28standards, S35.30, 35terminations, S35.33wind effects, S35.3, 33Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC), A34.6Chocolate, R42.1. (See also Candy)Choking, F3.13CHP systems. See Combined heat and power(CHP)Cinemas, A5.3CKV. See Commercial kitchen ventilation(CVK)Claude cycle, R47.8Cleanrooms. See Clean spacesClean spaces, A18aerospace, A18.17air filters, A18.3, 12, 17airflow, A18.4, 5, 17, 18applications, A18.2biomanufacturing, A18.9construction, A18.24contaminant control, A18.3, 12cooling, A18.19energy conservation, A18.22S 2016 HVAC Systems and EquipmentA 2015 HVAC Applications
Composite IndexI.7fire safety, A18.20high-bay, A18.17humidity control, A18.20makeup air, A18.19, 23noise control, A18.24operation, A18.24particle sources, A18.3pharmaceuticalaseptic, A18.10biomanufacturing, A18.9contaminant control, A18.12control and monitoring, A18.14design, A18.11isolators, A18.13nonaseptic, A18.14unidirectional hoods, A18.13pressurization, A18.20process exhaust, A18.19, 23semiconductor, A18.17start-up, A18.14system sizing and redundancy, A18.21temperature control, A18.20terminology, A18.1testing, A18.9vibration control, A18.24Clear-sky solar radiation, calculation, F14.8Climate changeand design conditions, F14.15and refrigerants, F29.1Climatic design information, F14annual design conditions, F14.1calculation of, F14.5changes in, F14.6climate change’s effect on, F14.15cooling, F14.7data sources, F14.3heating, F14.7monthly design conditions, F14.2precipitation, F14.2return period of extremes, F14.7uncertainties in design data, F14.13Clinics, A8.14Clothinginsulation, clo units, F9.8moisture permeability, F9.8CLTD/CLF. See Cooling load temperaturedifferential method with solar cooling loadfactors (CLTD/CLF)Coalclassification, F28.10handling facilities, A27.5, 10heating value, F28.10stokers, S31.17types, F28.10Coanda effect, A33.17; F20.2, 7; S20.2Codes, R51. (See also Standards)air conditioners, room, S50.4air distribution, A57.1boilers, S32.6building codes, S19.1chilled-beam system, A57.19chimneys, fireplaces, and gas vents, S35.34condensers, S39evaporative, S39.19water-cooled, S39.7coolers, liquid, S42.4dehumidifiers, room, S25.4duct construction, S19.1R 2018 Refrigerationelectrical, A56.15furnaces, S33.9makeup air units, S28.9motors, S45.2nuclear facilities, A28.12piping, S46.6tall buildings, A4.20Coefficient of performance (COP)absorption, F2.14compressors, S38.2refrigeration, F2.3, 14room air conditioners, S50.3Coefficient of variance of the root mean squareerror [CV(RMSE)], F19.33Cogeneration. See Combined heat and power(CHP)Coilsair-cooling, S4.8airflow resistance, S23.6applications, S23.1, 4aqueous glycol coils, S23.2construction and arrangement, S23.1control, A47.7; S23.3direct-expansion coils, S23.2fluid flow arrangement, S23.3heat transfer, S23.6load determination, S23.14maintenance, S23.15performance, S23.7rating, S23.6refrigerant coils, S23.2selection, S23.5on ships, A13.4water coils, S23.2air-heating, S27.1aqueous glycol, S27.2construction, S27.1design, S27.1electric, A47.3; S27.3installation, S27.4maintenance, S27.5rating, S27.3refrigerant, S27.3selection, S27.3shipboard, A13.4steam, S27.1water, S15.6; S27.2altitude effects, S23.5, 6condensers, S39evaporative, S39.15cooling, F19.20dehumidifying, S23.1desuperheating, S39.17energy recovery loops, S26.11halocarbon refrigeration systems, R1.22heat and mass transfer, simultaneous, F6.13heat reclaim, S27.3preheat, S4.8reheat, S4.9; S27.2Colburn’s analogy, F4.17Colebrook equationfriction factor, F21.6pressure drop, F22.5Collectors, solar, A35.6, 11, 24, 25; S37.3(See also Solar energy)Colleges and universities, A7.11Combined energy efficiency ratio (CE
I.2 2018 ASHRAE Handbook—Refrigeration R 2018 Refrigeration F 2017 Fundamentals S 2016 HVAC Systems and Equipment A 2015 HVAC Applications Air conditioning. (See also Central air conditioning) airports, A3.6 animal buildings, A24.4 arenas, A5.4 atriums, A5.9 auditoriums, A5.3 automo
