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9. Draw the orthographic sketch using the graph paper below. Line up the views sothat the top view is directly above the front view and the side view is directly tothe right of the front view. Label the ��.————.-.—.:.,—.r 1 — .7.,—.—:.—————. ,‘77.—,.i .-.-.I., .- ---—I1IIj.-.r’-’ -i- —i—,I .4.4.10. What factors should you consider when deciding which side of an object is thefront?11 What is meant by precedence of lines?Conclusion1. Your teacher will provide you with an object to sketch as well as isometric andorthographic graph paper.a. Draw this object as an isometric drawing and an orthographic (multi-view)drawing.GTT—Unit I—Lesson 4—Activity 1.4.2—Project Lead The Way, Inc.Copyright 2010Sketching Practice Page 7—

b. Title each sketch and label the views of the orthographic drawing. Be surethat your orthographic drawing is properly oriented.2. What determines the best type of sketch or drawing to complete when you wantto communicate your idea about a solution to a technical problem?GTT—unit 1—Lesson 4—Activity 1.4.2—Project Lead The Way, Inc.Copyright 2010Sketching Practice Page 8—

A1.43LanguageSketching.docx Google Docs4/17/2020-I’L.[d\lGatewayToTechnoogyActivity 1.43 Language of SketchingIntroductionAn important skill that you should learn while taking Design and Modeling is the skill ofsketching. This language is quick, easy, and “worth a thousand words.” I know some ofyou say, “My drawings look awfull” If you stay with some of the techniques shown, all ofyou will be successful in quickly and effectively placing your ideas down on a sheet ofpaper for all to understand.Thumbnail Sketch: This is a quick way to get an idea onto a sheet of paper. A sketchis usually small but drawn in proportion. The relationship of height to width should beshown in the thumbnail sketch. It is recommended that you use the pencil very lightlyand darken when the drawing is in its final stage. A thumbnail sketch must be asdetailed as necessary to convey your idea.Perspective Drawing: Perspective drawings are pictorial representations of objectsbecause they look like a photograph, Perspective drawings appear as the eye sees theobject. Geometrically, an ordinary photograph is a perspective. While perspective is ofmajor importance to the architect, industrial designer, or illustrator, the engineer at onetime or another is certain to be concerned with pictorial representations of objects.GTT—Unit 1—Lesson 4—Activity 1.4.3—Project Lead The Way, Inc.Copyright 2010Language of Sketching Page 1https://docs.google.coni)documentld/OB IIdAOpyvFWPMVU1WXA2bEIIWUU/edit—1/5

4/17/2020A1.43LanguageSketching.docx Google Docs-One-point Perspective: In a one- point perspective, an object is situated with one faceparallel to the plane of projection; only one vanishing point is required.‘Vanishing PointTwo-point Perspective: In this type of perspective drawing, the object is situated at anangle with the picture plane but with vertical edges parallel to the picture plane. Twovanishing points are required due to the turning of the object from the picture plane;the result is a two- point perspective. This is the most common type of perspectivedrawing.2 Vanahing PomtsProjectod rn SpaceOrthographic Drawing (commonly referred to as multi-view drawing): Aphotograph or a perspective drawing shows an object as it appears to the observer,but not as it truly is. Such a picture cannot describe the object fully, no matter fromwhich direction it is viewed. It is said that a perspective drawing doesn’t show TS&S(i.e., true size and shape). What is needed in industry is a complete and accuratedescription of the shape and size of an object that in the end will be made by theGTT—Unit 1—Lesson 4— Activity 1.4.3—Project Lead The Way, Inc.Copyright 2010Language of Sketching Page 2https://docs .google.comldocument/dIOB I IdAOpyvF’APM VU I WXA2bEItWUU/edit—2/5

Al .4.3LanguageSketching.docx Google Does4/17/2020-manufacturer. In order to provide information clearly and accurately, a number ofviews must be systematically arranged so that anyone in the world can understand.Using Universal Language Drawing practices with many views to describe an objectaccurately and clearly is called Multi-view Drawing or Orthographic Drawing.l)You will learn to look at objects in Design and ModelingTM in a way that normalhumans” do not. When you look at an object as a human, you see three differentdimensions (width, height, depth) all at once (like a perspective drawing). In anorthographic drawing, you will look at the object in three different ways. You will look atthe front view and observe two dimensions height and width; the top view shows widthand depth; and, finally, the right side view shows height and depth. You must also keepin mind that this is a Universal Language; therefore, the positioning of the views isstandard. The front view is placed in the lower left, the top view is placed directly abovethe front view, and the right side view is placed to the right of the front view.—Isometric Drawing:Orthographic Drawing:Top ViewFront ViewNotice, the top ‘view ison top of and directlyin line vertically withthe front viewRI Side ViewNotice, the right sideview is to the right ofand directly in linehorizontally with thefront viewIsometric Drawing: An isometric drawing is often used for quick sketching to explainan idea quickly. It does not show how we actually see an object. The objects aredrawn at an angle so that you can see three sides at once. All parallel lines aredrawn in parallel, with no vanishing points, so that lengths do not diminish in thedistance. Diagonal lines representing horizontal edges are drawn 30 from ahorizontal base line.GTT—Unit 1—Lesson 4—Activity 1.4.3—Proiect Lead The Way, Inc.Copyright 2010Language of Sketching Page 3https://docs .google.com/document/d/OB 1 ldAOpyvF’.VPM VU 1 WXA2bEhWUU/edit—3/5

4/17/2020Al .43LanguageSketching.docx Google Docs-GTT—Unit 1—Lesson 4— Activity 1.4.3—Project Lead The Way, Inc.Copyright 2010Language of Sketching Page 4https://docs .google .comldocument/d/OB 1 IdAOpyvFWPMVU 1 WXA2bEIIWUU/edit—4/5

4/17/2020Al .43LanguageSketching.docx Google Docs-Matching: Place the letter of the correct sketch in front of the term that describes thattype of sketch or drawing.Thumbnail SketchA.One-Point PerspectiveBTwo-Point PerspectiveOrthographic DrawingD.mILjIsometric DrawingE.fThConclusion1. Have you used any of these methods to sketch in other classes? If so, whichones and in which class?2Which method(s) do you think we will use the most in Design and Modeling?GTT—Unit 1—Lesson 4— Activity 1.4.3—Project Lead The Way, Inc.Copyright 2010Language of Sketching Page 5https://docs.gcogle.comldocumentldlOB IIdAOpyVFWPMVU IWXA2bEItWUIJ/edit—5/5

EEJ’rCTYGateway To TechnologyActivity 1.4.4 Orthographic ProjectionIntroductionDid you know that when an invention is sent to the patent office, the patent officemust verify that your invention is truly new and unique from other products? In orderto do this, the patent office requires explanatory drawings with your application. Asimple invention may only require one drawing. More complicated objects orproducts require orthographic drawings (commonly referred to as multi-viewdrawings) so that every feature of the invention listed is shown. This is to enableanyone with the appropriate skills to be able to build your invention and test it.Whether you plan to invent something or whether you are just interested in learninghow to make something, a drawing helps you figure out the different parts and howthose parts go together. Orthographic drawings enable the reader of the drawings tounderstand how each part fits and how the final product should look from all views.Orthographic projection is used to show an object in true size or scale on a flat pieceof paper. When we look at an object, we see three dimensions (height, width, depth)all at once. In an orthographic drawing, you will be looking at the object from threedifferent planes. When you look at the front, only two dimensions height and widthappear. From the top, the two dimensions are width and depth, and from the rightside, the height and depth are the dimensions.——Equipment GTT notebookPencilColored pencilsStraight edgeIsometric graph paperOrthographic graph paperWooden blocks 7 cubes, I cube with hole, 2 triangles, 1 half round, and 1cylinderSugar cubes, plastic linking cubes, and other shapes to form various objectsfor students to draw—ProcedureOrthographic Projection Activity 1:Match the isometric view with the corresponding orthographic view.1.GTT—Unit 1—Lesson 4—Activity 4—Project Lead The Way, Inc.copyright 2010Orthographic Projection Page 1—

Bi HrrFlLLJEiTT1E1GTT—Unit 1—Lesson 4—Activity 4—Project Lead The Way, Inc.Copyright 2010Orthographic Projection Page 2—

Orthographic Projection Activity 2:In this part of the activity, you will draw the same block four ways. In each drawingthe block is turned to a different position.1. Use colored pencils to color the top view of each block red, the front view of eachblock green, and the right side view of each block blue.2. In each position shown, draw the top, front, and right side views of the block,making sure that the front view is in the bottom left quadrant of the graph paper,the top view is directly above the front view, and the side view is directly to theright.3. The dimensions of the block are given in Figure 1 and are to be used for all ofthe drawings of the block.4. Each small square represents one inch.5. Notice that the placement of the block in a drawing may fit in the drawing spacebetter than in other views. You will also notice that each drawing may have adifferent number of hidden lines. Hidden lines are dashed lines used to representan edge that cannot be seen from a particular view.‘::z .7/.zz: -EEGTT—Unit 1—Lesson 4Activity 4—Project Lead The Way, Inc.Copyright 2010Orthographic Projection Page 3—

GTT—Unit 1—Lesson 4—Activity 4—Project Lead The Way, Inc.Copyright 2010Orthographic Projection Page 4—

Orthographic Projection Activity 3:In this part of the activity, you will build an object using a combination of the followingshapes 7 cubes, 1 cube with hole, 2 triangles, I half round, and 1 cylinder. You willfollow the provided drawings. Finally, you will create your own object using theshapes provided.1. Use the blocks provided to create an object. You will follow the provideddrawings. The drawings are orthographic projections, so your model mustcorrectly match each view.—6. After building each object, have your teacher or another classmate check yourwork.OTT—Unit 1—Lesson 4—Activity 4—Project Lead The Way, Inc.Copyright 2010Orthographic Projection Page 5—

3.Top ViewFront ViewnoTop ViewFront ViewTop ViewFront View.:i.pRight Side ViewRight Side ViewHRight Side View5.GTT—Unit 1—Front ViewTop ViewFront ViewTop ViewLesson 4—Activity 4——Project Lead The Way, Inc.Copyright 2010Orthographic Projection Page 6Right Side ViewRight Side View

Orthographic Projection Activity 4:Draw a challenge of your own on the graph paper below. Give your challenge toyour teacher or another group to solve.1. Build a model with the blocks.2. Draw the top, front, and right side views of the block on the graph paper.Remember that each small square represents one inch. Make sure you line upthe views correctly.3. When the drawing is complete, have your teacher or another classmate try tobuild the object from your drawing.— — — —I— —I— — — — —Project Lead The Way, Inc.GTT—Unit 1—Lesson 4—Activity 4—Copyright 2010Orthographic Projection Page 7—

Conclusion1. Orthographic drawings are used to express ideas that are more complicated.Explain the purpose of the different views and the importance of view alignment.2. How can you check an orthographic drawing to be sure there are no missinglines?3. How is an orthographic drawing similar to or different from an isometric drawing?GTT—Unit 1—Lesson 4—Activity 4—Project Lead The Way, Inc.Copyright 2010Orthographic Projection Page 8—

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PO)LCTLEDTHEwGatewayToTechnoIoqyActivity 1.4.5 DimensioningIntroductionDimensions are as important as the shapes that you sketch. In order to accuratelyreproduce a part, the manufacturer must know the proper size and the properlocation for all features. This includes the overall height, width, and depth of anobject, as well as the size and location of all other features.There are dozens of rules and guidelines associated with dimensioning. You willlearn how to apply just eight of these in order to make your sketches easy foranyone to understand.Equipment GTT notebookPencilEraserStraight edgeProcedureIn this activity you will begin by following along as your teacher presents informationon dimensioning. Then you will apply your knowledge of dimensioning to identifymissing dimensions on orthographic drawings. Last, you will practice sketching anddimensioning in orthographic from an isometric sketch. Make sure to follow thedimensioning guidelines.1. Why is it necessary to dimension a sketch?2. What dimensions are needed to fully describe a sketch?3. When using ¼ in. graph paper, each square equals ¼ in. or .25 in. How manysquares are in:o1 in. squareso2 in. squareso23,4in. squareso1 1/4in.squaresGTT—Unit 1—Project Lead The Way, Inc.copyright 2010Lesson 4—Activity 1.4.5 Dimensioning Page 1——

4. Now convert number of squares to a linear measurement. Again, each squareequals ¼ in. or .25 in.o7squares inchesol2squares incheso3 squares incheso9 squares inches5. Dimension the following sketch.Each square on the graph equals ¼ in.r——.— —I—-L.t .-tr.-.I I. jJ 1——Ir—-I-—.- r--,IILL—.1IIIIFI6.GTT—Unit 1—Project Lead The Way, Inc.Copyright 2010Lesson 4— Activity 1.4.5 Dimensioning Page 2——

Dimensions must fully describe an object so that someone else can reproduce it.Fill in the missing dimensions on the sketch below. Each square on the graphrepresents ¼ in. Be careful not to over-dimension. Each feature should bedimensioned for size and location only once.ti!r11II1 --i—-i-.—!I-.1 .11rrr.—.-i--- --i--rIi--rIr r-r1-.1.,-rrr11,L1.p15OIIIIi—.i--I- -r —rIL LJ.1.L.JI.1 iI.J.II ILL1.1.j.IrIl:iho.:LT7. Follow along as your teacher discusses the presentation on dimensioninggui

Two Dimensional (2D) Having the dimensions of height and width, height and depth, or width and depth only. Two-PointPerspective A realistic way of drawing objects in three dimensions using a horizon li