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COMMUNITY HEALTH PROFILES 2015Queens Community District 3:JACKSONHEIGHTS(Including East Elmhurst,Jackson Heights and North Corona)Health is rooted in the circumstances of our daily lives and the environmentsin which we are born, grow, play, work, love and age. Understanding howcommunity conditions affect our physical and mental health is the firststep toward building a healthier New York City.

178,022jackson heights TOTAL POPULATIONWHO WEARE12345678POPULATION BY RACE and ETHNICITY64% Hispanic910117% Asian*11% White*6% Black*1% Other*Population By AGE33%24%22%11%10%0–170 - 17NYC18–2418-2425–4425-4445–6445-6465 65 Percent who reportedtheir own healthas “EXCELLENT,””VERY GOOD” or “GOOD”79%63%NYCAREFOREIGNBORNHAVE LIMITEDENGLISHPROFICIENCY48%LIFE EXPECTANCY83.7YEARS* Non-HispanicNote: Percentages may not sum to 100% due to roundingSources: Overall population, race and age: U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates, 2013; Foreign born and English proficiency: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2011-2013; Self-reported health: NYC DOHMH Community Health Survey,COMMUNT Y H ENYCA LTH PROofFILS 2 02003-20121 5 : J AC K S ON H E I GHTS2011-2013;LifeI Expectancy:DOHMHBureauVital EStatistics,2

Note from Dr. Mary Bassett,Commissioner, New York City Departmentof Health and Mental HygieneNew York City is a city of neighborhoods. Their diversity, rich historyand people are what make this city so special.But longstanding and rising income inequality, combined with ahistory of racial residential segregation, has led to startling healthinequities between neighborhoods. Poor health outcomes tendto cluster in places that people of color call home and where manyresidents live in poverty. Life expectancy in Brownsville, for example,is 11 years shorter than in the Financial District. And this is not becauseresidents of Brownsville are dying of unusual diseases, but becausethey are dying of the same diseases – mostly heart disease andcancer – at younger ages and at higher rates.This is unfair and avoidable. A person’s health should not bedetermined by his or her ZIP code.Reducing health inequities requires policymakers, healthprofessionals, researchers and community groups to advocate andwork together for systemic change. In One New York: The Plan fora Strong and Just City (OneNYC), Mayor Bill de Blasio has outlined avision to transform this city, and every neighborhood, guided by theprinciples of growth, equity, sustainability and resiliency.Our communities are not simply made up of individual behaviors, butare dynamic places where individuals interact with each other, withtheir immediate environments and with the policies that shape thoseenvironments. The Community Health Profiles include indicators thatreflect a broad set of conditions that impact health.Our hope is that you will use the data and information in theseCommunity Health Profiles to advocate for your neighborhoods.Mary T. Bassett, MD, MPHCOMM U N I T Y H E A LT H PR O FIL E S 2 0 1 5 : J AC K S ON H E I GHTS3

Navigatingthis documentTABLE OF CONTENTSThis profile covers all of QueensCommunity District 3, whichincludes East Elmhurst, JacksonHeights and North Corona, butthe name is shortened to justJackson Heights. This is one of59 community districts in NewYork City (NYC).Community districts are rankedon each indicator. The highestrank (#1) corresponds to thelargest value for a given measure.Sometimes a high rank indicatesa positive measure of health(e.g., ranking first in fluvaccination). Other times, itindicates a negative measureof health (e.g., ranking first inthe premature death rate).Who we arePAGE 2NEIGHBORHOOD CONDITIONSPAGE 5SOCIAL AND ECONOMICCONDITIONSPAGEs 6 and 7Healthy livingPAGEs 8 and 9HEALTH CAREPAGE 10The following color codingsystem is used throughoutthis document:JACKSON HEIGHTSHealth OutcomesPAGEs 11, 12 and 13BEST-PERFORMINGCOMMUNITY DISTRICTQUEENSNOTESPAGES 14 AND 15NEW YORK CITYMAP AND CONTACTINFORMATIONBACK COVERCOMM U N I T Y H E A LT H PR O FIL E S 2 0 1 5 : J AC K S ON H E I GHTS4

Housing qualityPoorly maintained housing is associated with negative health outcomes, including asthmaand other respiratory illnesses, injuries and poor mental health. A similar percentage of homesin Jackson Heights have maintenance defects compared with homes citywide.Maintenance defects(percent of renter-occupied homes with at least one maintenance defect)NEIGHBORHOODCONDITIONS100%Maintenance defects include water leaks, cracks and holes, inadequateheating, presence of mice or rats, toilet breakdowns and peeling paint.NYC59%50%Where we livedetermines thequality of the air webreathe, the homeswe live in, how safewe feel, what kindsof food we caneasily accessand more.QUEENS51%0%Tottenville and Great Kills18%(RANKS 59TH)Jackson Heights61%(RANKS 26TH)NYC Housing and Vacancy Survey, 2011Air pollutionAlthough NYC air quality is improving, air pollution, such as fine particles (PM2.5), can causehealth problems, particularly among the very young, seniors and those with preexistinghealth conditions. In Jackson Heights, levels of PM2.5, the most harmful air pollutant, are 8.458 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01micrograms 59percubic meter, compared with 8.4 in Queens and 8.6 citywide.Air pollution (micrograms of fine particulate matter per cubic meter)8.47.68.48.6Jackson HeightsRockaway andBroad ChannelQueensNYC(RANKS 43RD)(RANKS 59TH)NYC DOHMH, Community Air Survey, 2013Retail environmentWhen healthyfoods are readilyavailable, it iseasier to makehealthy choices.The prevalence of tobacco retailers in Jackson Heights is similar to the prevalence citywide.Supermarket access in Jackson Heights is more limited than in the city as a whole, with only 110square feet per 100 people.Tobacco retailersSupermarket square footage(per 10,000 population)9(per 100 population)6110450(RANKS 43RD)Bayside andLittle NeckJackson Heights(RANKS 48TH)South Beach andWillowbrook911180177Jackson Heights(RANKS 59TH)QueensNYCNYC Department of Consumer Affairs, 2014COMM U N I T Y H E A LT H PR O FIL E S 2 0 1 5 : J AC K S ON H E I GHTSQueens(RANKS 1ST )NYCNew York State Department of Agriculture and Markets, 20145

Adult educational attainmentIn Jackson Heights, one in four adults has a college degree, and about one in threeadults has not completed high school.Highest level of education attained (adults 25 years and older)FINANCIAL DISTRICT &GREENWICH VILLAGE AND SOHO84%College graduateJACKSON HEIGHTS26%College graduateSocial andEconomicConditions43%High school graduateor some college12%High school graduateor some college31%Less than high school4%Less than high schoolNEW YORK CITYQUEENSHigher educationlevels are associatedwith better healthoutcomes.38%College graduate41%College graduate42%High school graduateor some college39%High school graduateor some college20%Less than high school20%Less than high schoolU.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2011-2013IncomeMore thanone in fiveJackson Heightsresidents livesbelow the FederalPoverty Level.Living in poverty limits healthy lifestyle choices and makes it difficult to access healthcare and resources that can promote health and prevent illness. Unemployment andunaffordable housing are also closely associated with poverty and poor health. Almostone in thirteen Jackson Heights adults ages 16 and older is unemployed, and 59% ofresidents spend more than 30% of their monthly gross income on rent.One way to consider the effect of income on health is by comparing death rates amongneighborhoods. Assuming that the death rates from the five neighborhoods with thehighest incomes are achievable in Jackson Heights, it is estimated that only 2% ofdeaths could have been averted.Economic stressJackson HeightsPovertyUnemployment22%(RANKS 24TH)8%(RANKS 43RD)Best-performingcommunity districtQueensNYC6%16%21%10%11%53%51%Tottenville and Great Kills(RANKS 59TH)5%Greenwich Village and Soho& Financial District(RANKS 58TH)Rentburden59%(RANKS 9TH)37%Greenwich Village and Soho& Financial District(RANKS 58TH)Poverty, unemployment and rent burden: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2011-2013, Avertable deaths: NYC DOHMH, Bureau of Vital Statistics 2008-2012COMM U N I T Y H E A LT H PR O FIL E S 2 0 1 5 : J AC K S ON H E I GHTS6

Children and adolescentsThe littlest New Yorkers all deserve the same opportunities for health. In JacksonHeights, the rate of preterm births, a key driver of infant death, is lower than thecitywide rate, but the teen birth rate is higher than the Queens and citywide rates.Preterm 8.723.6QueensNYC1420QueensNYC(percent of all live births)Social andEconomicConditionsChild andadolescent healthare a signal ofa community’scurrent well-beingand potential.(RANKS 59TH)(RANKS 43 )RDTeen births(per 1,000 girls ages 15-19)32.5JacksonHeights(RANKS 13TH)Elementary schoolabsenteeism1.1*FinancialDistrict11(percent of students missing20 or more school days)(RANKS 59TH)4JacksonHeights(RANKS 45 )THFinancialDistrict(RANKS 59 )TH* Interpret estimate with caution due to small number of eventsPreterm births: NYC DOHMH, Bureau of Vital Statistics, 2013; Teen births: NYC DOHMH, Bureau of Vital Statistics, 2011-2013; Absenteeism: NYC Department of Education, 2013-2014People who areIncarcerationincarcerated haveJail incarceration (per 100,000 adults ages 16 and older)higher rates of400The incarceration rate in Jackson Heightsmental illness,is lower than the citywide rate.drug and alcoholaddiction and other200health conditions.0QUEENS52Queens Village5*Jackson Heights64(RANKS 59TH)Non-fatal assaulthospitalizationscapture theconsequencesof communityviolence.NYC93(RANKS 34TH)NYC Department of Corrections, 2014*Interpret estimate with caution due to small number of eventsViolenceThe injury assault rate in Jackson Heights is lower than the citywide rate.Non-fatal assault hospitalizations (per 100,000 population)59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 0139114164Jackson HeightsRego Park andForest HillsQueensNYC(RANKS 38TH)(RANKS 59TH)New York State Department of Health, Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System, 2011-2013COMM U N I T Y H E A LT H PR O FIL E S 2 0 1 5 : J AC K S ON H E I GHTS7

Self-reported healthPeople are good at rating their own health. When asked to rate their overall health ona scale of one to five (excellent, very good, good, fair or poor), 79% of Jackson Heightsresidents rate their health as “excellent,”“very good” or “good.”Percent who self-reported their own health as “excellent,”“very good” or “good”HEALTHYLiving79%92%79%Jackson HeightsUpper East Side(RANKS 28TH)78%QueensNew York City(RANKS 1ST)NYC DOHMH, Community Health Survey, 2011-2013Smoking, diet and physical activitySmoking, poor quality diet and physical inactivity are risk factors for high bloodpressure, diabetes and other problems. Adults in Jackson Heights smoke, consumesugary drinks, eat fruits and vegetables and are physically active at rates similar toresidents of Queens and the city as a whole.Jackson HeightsAdults inJackson Heightsare more thantwo times aslikely to consumesugary beveragesas StuyvesantTown and TurtleBay adults.Currentsmokers1 or more12 oz sugarydrink per dayAt least oneserving offruits orvegetablesper dayAny physicalactivity in thelast 30 days14%(RANKS 42ND)Best-performingcommunity districtQueensNYC10%15%15%28%27%89%88%76%77%East Flatbush(RANKS 59TH)31%(RANKS 25TH)12%Stuyvesant Townand Turtle Bay(RANKS 59TH)91%(RANKS 16TH)95%*Bayside andLittle Neck(RANKS 1ST)76%(RANKS 37TH)*Interpret estimate with caution due to small sample sizeCOMM U N I T Y H E A LT H PR O FIL E S 2 0 1 5 : J AC K S ON H E I GHTS90%Clinton andChelsea & Midtown(RANKS 1ST)All: NYC DOHMH, Community Health Survey, 2011-20138