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OLDS’ELEVENTH EDITIONMaternal-Newborn Nursing&Women’s HealthAC R O S S T H E L I F E S PANMichele R. Davidson, PhD, CNM, PMHNP, CFN, SANE, FNE, RNProfessor of NursingSentara College of Health SciencesChesapeake, VirginiaLeta PsychiatryVirginia Beach, VirginiaMarcia L. London, RN, MSN, APRN, CNS, NNP-BC-ESenior Clinical Instructor and Director of Neonatal Nurse Practitioner Program (Ret.)Beth-El College of Nursing and Health SciencesUniversity of ColoradoColorado Springs, ColoradoPatricia A. Wieland Ladewig, PhD, RNProvost EmeritaRegis UniversityDenver, ColoradoA01 DAVI6881 11 SE FM.indd 122/11/2018 00:12
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Sally B. Olds was the quintessential nurse and teacher—She saw possibilities where others saw problems, abilitieswhere others saw limitations.She cared passionately about childbearing families and had a clearvision of what excellent nursing means.She stressed the importance of clinical skill and acumen but neverlost sight of the human side of caregiving.She was committed to students, to helping them to learn and grow,to develop their own sense of the difference a nurse can make.She was the best of the best of nursing.And so, with the deepest affection and respect we dedicate thisbook to Sally, who was our dear friend and colleague,who left this world too soon.We thank her for the inspiration she provided, the warmth shebrought, and the expertise she shared.And, as always, to our beloved familiesTo Nathan Davidson, Hayden, Chloe, Caroline, and GrantTo David London, Craig, Jennifer, Hannah, and MatthewTo Tim Ladewig, Ryan, Amanda, Reed, and Addison; Erik, Kedri,Emma, and CamdenA01 DAVI6881 11 SE FM.indd 322/11/2018 00:12
About the AuthorsMichele R. DavidsonMichele R. Davidson completed herADN degree from MarymountUniversity and worked in multiplewomen’s health specialty areas including postpartum, newborn nursery,high-risk nursery, labor and delivery,reproductive endocrinology, gynecology medical-surgical, and oncology units as a registered nurse whileobtaining a BSN from George MasonUniversity. She earned her MSN and a nurse-midwifery certificateat Case Western Reserve University and continued to work as afull-scope nurse-midwife for 16 years. Dr. Davidson has deliveredover 1,000 babies during her career as a nurse-midwife. She completed her PhD in nursing administration and healthcare policyat George Mason University (GMU) and began teaching at GMUin 1999 while continuing in her role as a nurse-midwife. In 2018,Dr. Davidson earned an additional degree as a psychiatric mentalhealth nurse practitioner (PMHNP). She has an ongoing interest inwomen’s mental health and focuses her research on perinatal andpostpartum mood and anxiety disorders. Dr. Davidson also has aninterest in the care of individuals with disabilities; she has served asa member of the Loudoun County Disability Advisory Committeeand is a disability advocate in her community. She was a memberof the American College of Nurse-Midwives Certification Council,the body that writes the national certification examination forcertified nurse-midwives. Dr. Davidson was recently appointedto the Virginia State Maternal Mortality Review Board and hasserved on several federal task forces for the prevention of maternal mortality. She is a member of numerous editorial and advisory boards and has a passion for writing. In 2003, Dr. Davidsonfounded the Smith Island Foundation, a nonprofit organization inwhich she served as executive director for 8 years and later held anappointment as the vice-president of Smith Island United, a community advocacy group. Dr. Davidson has also completed certifications in lactation consulting, forensic nursing, and as a surgicalfirst assistant. In 2012, her book, A Nurse’s Guide to Women’s MentalHealth, won an American Journal of Nursing Book Award. In herfree time, she enjoys spending time with her mother, writing, gardening, internet surfing, and spending time on Smith Island withher nurse-practitioner husband, Nathan, and their four children,Hayden, Chloe, Caroline, and Grant. Dr. Davidson and her familylove the Eastern Shore of Maryland and Virginia and continue tobe part-time residents of Smith Island.Marcia L. LondonMarcia L. London received herBSN and School Nurse Certificatefrom Plattsburgh State Universityin Plattsburgh, New York, andher MSN in pediatrics as a clinicalnurse specialist from the Universityof Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania.She worked as a pediatric nurseand began her teaching careerat the Pittsburgh Children’s Hospital Affiliate Program.Mrs. London began teaching at Beth-El School of Nursingand Health Science in 1974 (now part of the University ofColorado, Colorado Springs) after opening the first intensive care nursery at Memorial Hospital of Colorado Springs.She has served in many faculty positions at Beth-El, including assistant director of the School of Nursing. Mrs. Londonobtained her postmaster’s Neonatal Nurse Practitioner certificate in 1983 and subsequently developed the Neonatal NursePractitioner (NNP) certificate and the master’s NNP programat Beth-El. She is active nationally in neonatal nursing andwas involved in the development of National Neonatal NursePractitioner educational program guidelines. Mrs. Londonpursued her interest in college student learning by takingdoctoral classes in higher education administration and adultlearning at the University of Denver in Colorado. She feelsfortunate to be involved in the education of her future colleagues and teaches undergraduate education. Mrs. Londonand her husband, David, enjoy reading, travel, and hockeygames. They have two sons. Craig, who lives in Florida withhis wife Jennifer and daughter Hannah, works with Internetcompanies. Matthew works in computer teleresearch. Both aremore than willing to give Mom helpful hints about computers.Patricia A. Wieland LadewigPatricia A. Wieland Ladewigreceived her BS from the College ofSaint Teresa in Winona, Minnesota;her MSN from Catholic University ofAmerica in Washington, DC; and herPhD in higher education administration from the University of Denverin Colorado. She served as an AirForce nurse and discovered her passion for teaching as a faculty memberat Florida State University. Over the years, she has taught atseveral schools of nursing. In addition, she became a women’shealth nurse practitioner and maintained a part-time clinicalpractice for many years. In 1988, Dr. Ladewig became the firstdirector of the nursing program at Regis College in Denver. In1991, when the college became Regis University, she becameacademic dean of the Rueckert-Hartman College for HealthProfessions. Under her guidance, the School of Nursing addeda graduate program. In addition, the college added a Schoolof Physical Therapy and a School of Pharmacy. In 2009 Dr.Ladewig became Vice President for Academic Affairs, andin 2012 she became Provost at Regis University. She retiredin 2016. She remains active professionally, serving on theCommunity Health Values Committee of Centura Health. Sheand her husband, Tim, enjoy traveling, skiing, and baseballgames. However, their greatest pleasure comes from their family: son Ryan, his wife Amanda, and grandchildren Reed andAddison Grace; and son Erik, his wife Kedri, and grandchildren Emma and Camden.ivA01 DAVI6881 11 SE FM.indd 422/11/2018 00:12
Thank YouContributorsWe are grateful to the contributors to the 11th edition of Olds’ Maternal-Newborn Nursing &Women’s Health Across the Lifespan.Jessica Anderson, DNP, CNM,WHNP-BC, FACNMUniversity of ColoradoDenver, ColoradoChapter 12: Antepartum NursingAssessmentWendelyn M. Barrett, MSN, NNP,APRNChildren’s Hospital ColoradoAurora, ColoradoChapter 31: The Newborn at Risk:Birth-Related StressorsNancy Benner RNC, BSNSt. George, UtahChapter 28: The Normal Newborn: Needsand CareJenny Clapp RN-OB, MSNUniversity of North CarolinaGreensboro, North CarolinaChapter 32: Postpartum Adaptation andNursing AssessmentRobin Webb Corbett, PhD,FNP-C, RNCEast Carolina UniversityGreenville, North CarolinaChapter 5: Commonly OccurringInfectionsChapter 6: Women’s Health ProblemsNathan S. Davidson, II, CFNP,MSN, RNGeorge Mason UniversityFairfax, VirginiaConcept Map featuresKatherine Heatherington Endres,RNCInova Alexandria HospitalAlexandria, VirginiaChapter 22: Pharmacologic PainManagementCori Feist, MS, CGCOregon Health & Science UniversityPortland, OregonChapter 10: Reproductive GeneticsVictoria A. Flanagan RN, MSGeisel School of Medicine at DartmouthDartmouth UniversityLebanon, New HampshireChapter 17: Pregnancy at Risk:Pregestational ProblemsJennifer G. Hensley, EdD, CNM,WHNP, RN, LCCEThe University of Texas at AustinAustin, TexasChapter 4: Family PlanningChapter 18: Pregnancy at Risk:Gestational OnsetSharon Holley, DNP, CNM,FACNMBaystate Medical CenterSpringfield, MassachusettsChapter 20: Intrapartum NursingAssessmentJanet L. Houser, PhD, RNRegis UniversityDenver, ColoradoEvidence-Based Practice featuresJessica Howard, CNM, MSN, MSWUniversity of ColoradoDenver, ColoradoChapter 8: Violence Against WomenVanessa Howell RN, MSNBeth-El College of Nursing and HealthSciencesColorado Springs, ColoradoChapter 27: Nursing Assessment of theNewbornLaura R. Muñoz, PhD, RNC, NNPUniversity of the Incarnate WordSan Antonio, TexasChapter 25: Birth-Related ProceduresJulie W. Nadeau, EdD, MSN, RN, CNEUniversity of the Incarnate WordSan Antonio, TexasChapter 33: The Postpartum Family:Needs and CareChapter 34: Home Care of thePostpartum FamilyDeborah Pollard, PhD, RNC-OB,C-EFM, CNE, IBCLC, RLCBeth-El College of Nursing and HealthSciencesColorado Springs, ColoradoChapter 29: Newborn NutritionMary Claire Wahl, MSN, CNM, RNBeth-El College of Nursing and HealthSciencesColorado Springs, ColoradoChapter 35: The Postpartum Family atRiskvA01 DAVI6881 11 SE FM.indd 522/11/2018 00:12
viThank YouReviewersWe are grateful to all the nurses, both clinicians and educators, who reviewed the manuscript ofthis textbook. Their insights, suggestions, and eye for detail helped us prepare a more relevantand useful textbook, one that will prepare caring and competent nurses in the field of maternalnewborn and women’s health nursing.Susan Groth, PhD, WHNP-BC, FAANPUniversity of RochesterRochester, New YorkPatricia D. Suplee PhD, RNC-OBRutgers UniversityCamden, New JerseyDr. Carole McKenzie, CNM, RNTexas A&M UniversityCommerce, TexasJennifer Swendsen, MSNUniversity of Texas of the Permian BasinOdessa, TexasHolly Diesel, PHD, RNBarnes Jewish CollegeSt. Louis, MissouriDiane E. Mosqueda, DNP, RN,FNP-c, CNEUniversity of TexasGalveston, TexasJennifer L. Talleff, MSN, RN,FNP-BCTexas Woman’s UniversityDallas, TexasSusan Dougherty, RNC, WHNP, DNPAugusta UniversityAugusta, GeorgiaPatricia Novak, MSNGateway Community CollegeNew Haven, ConnecticutAmber Welborn, RN, MSNUniversity of North CarolinaGreensboro, North CarolinaBarbara Gross, MSN, RNUniversity of Central FloridaOrlando, FloridaErin F. Sullivan, MSN, RN, CCRNTexas Woman’s UniversityDallas, TexasRachel Choudhury, PHD(C), MSN,MS, RN, CNEBrandman UniversityIrvine, CaliforniaMarcia Clevesy, MSN, APRNUniversity of NevadaLas Vegas, NevadaA01 DAVI6881 11 SE FM.indd 622/11/2018 00:12
AcknowledgmentsOur goal with every revision is to incorporate the latestresearch and information from the literature of nursingand related fields to make our text as relevant and useful as possible. This would not be possible without thesupport and encouragement of our colleagues in nursing.The comments and suggestions we have received fromnurse educators and practitioners around the countryhave helped us keep this text accurate and up to date.Whenever a nurse takes the time to write or to speak toone of us at a professional gathering, we recognize againthe intense commitment of nurses to excellence in practice. And so we thank our colleagues.We are grateful, too, to our students—past, present,and future. They stimulate us with their interest; theyreinvigorate us with their enthusiasm; they challenge uswith their questions to make each edition of this text clearand understandable. We learn so much from them.In publishing, as in healthcare, quality assurance isan essential part of the process. That is the dimension ourreviewers have added. Some reviewers assist us by validating the accuracy of the content, some by their attention to detail, and some by challenging us to examine ourways of thinking and to develop a new awareness abouta given topic. Thus, we extend our sincere thanks to allthose who reviewed the manuscript for this book. Theirnames and affiliations are listed on the preceding pages.We are also grateful to the contributors to the 11th edition of Olds’ Maternal-Newborn Nursing & Women’s HealthAcross the Lifespan. Their knowledge of clinical practiceand current literature in their areas of expertise helpsmake the chapters relevant and accurate. They, too, arelisted on the preceding pages.We cannot say enough good things about our development editor, Lynda Hatch. She is a godsend. Her wonderful eye for detail, her truly supportive approach, andher calmness under pressure help us stay focused andon track (mostly!). Thank you, Lynda! We would be lostwithout you! Without your support in these crucial areas,our work would not be as visually appealing and accurateas it is.During these times of change in the healthcare environment, we are sustained by our passion for nursing andour vision of what childbirth means. Time and again, wehave seen the difference a skilled nurse can make in thelives of people in need. We, like you, are committed tohelping all nurses recognize and take pride in that fact.Thank you for your letters, your comments, and your suggestions. We are renewed by your support.Michele R. DavidsonMarcia L. LondonPatricia W. LadewigviiA01 DAVI6881 11 SE FM.indd 722/11/2018 00:12
PrefaceNurses play a central role in all aspects of the childbearingexperience, from the earliest days of pregnancy, through themoments of birth, and during the early days of parenthood.Most often, pregnancy and childbirth are times of great joy,a celebration of life, and a promise of the future. But theymay also be times of deepest sorrow as families deal withillness, complications, and loss. Often the quality of thenursing care that a family receives profoundly influencestheir perceptions of the entire experience—for better or forworse. However, the changes occurring in the healthcaredelivery system are altering the way we practice nursingand have staggering implications for nurses everywhere.Now, more than ever, nurses must be flexible, creative, and open to change. They must be able to thinkcritically and problem-solve effectively. They must be ableto meet the teaching needs of their patients so that theirpatients can, in turn, better meet their own healthcareneeds. They must be open to an increasingly multiculturalpopulation. They must understand and use the healthcaretechnology available in their chosen area of practice. Mostcrucially, they must never lose sight of the importance ofexcellent nursing care to promote patient safety and inimproving the quality of people’s lives.Important Themes in ThisEditionThe underlying philosophy of Olds’ Maternal-NewbornNursing & Women’s Health Across the Lifespan remainsunchanged. We believe that pregnancy and birth are normal life processes and that family members are partnersin care. We believe that women’s healthcare is an important aspect of nursing. We remain committed to providinga text that is accurate and readable—a text that helps students develop the skills and abilities they need now andin the future in an ever-changing healthcare environment.Partnering with Families ThroughHealth Promotion Educat
Professor of Nursing Sentara College of Health Sciences Chesapeake, Virginia Leta Psychiatry Virginia Beach, Virginia Marcia L. London, RN, MSN, APRN, CNS, NNP-BC-E Senior Clinical Instructor and Director of Neonatal Nurse Practitioner Program (Ret.) Beth-El College of Nursing and Health Sciences University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado
