Transcription
Keysight E4360Modular Solar Array SimulatorsModels: E4360-62A, E4366-68AData Sheet
02 Keysight Modular Solar Array Simulators - Data Sheet–– Accurate simulation of any type of solararraySolar Array Simulation–– Small size: up to 2 outputs in 2U of rackspaceSatellite test applications–– High output power – up to 600 W peroutput–– Fast I-V curve change and fast recoveryswitching time–– Easy to simulate environmentalconditions–– LAN, USB, and GPIB interfacesstandard–– Fully compliant to LXI Class Cspecifications–– Custom turn-key system or individualinstruments availableSolar panels consisting of multiple solarcells provide power to satellites. Theyhave unique I-V characteristics. Since theoutput power varies with environmentalconditions (temperature, irradiation) andoperational conditions (eclipse, spin), aspecialized power supply such as the solararray simulator (SAS) must be used formaking accurate tests and veryifying thesatellite power system.Residential photovoltaic (PV)test applicationsSolar panels are also used in residentialpower systems to provide power to homes.Each solar panel output can be connectedto a microinverter that converts the DCsolar panel output into AC for use in thehome. To test microinverters, a solararray simulator is used to verify that themicroinverter will track the maximumpower point under various environmentalconditions (such as sunny conditions,cloudy conditions, shadowing, anddifferent temperatures) and to ensure thatthe microinverter is reliable and efficient.As the trend moves toward higher powersolar panels and more efficient inverters,there is a need for a specialized DCpower source that is reliable, repeatable,scalable, cost effective, and available offthe shelf.Satellite manufacturers need to verifythe design of the power bus regulator onthe ground. Microinverter and DC poweroptimizer designers need to verify accuracy and efficiency of the device to gaincompetitive advantage in the marketplace.Keysight Solar Array SimulatorThe Keysight Technologies, Inc. E4360Modular Solar Array Simulator (SAS)is a dual output programmable dcpower source that simulates the outputcharacteristics of a solar array. The E4360SAS is primarily a current source with verylow output capacitance and is capableof quickly simulating the I-V curve ofdifferent arrays under different conditions(ex. temperature, age etc.). It provides upto 2 outputs and up to 1200 W in a small2U-high mainframe.Whether you build your own test systemrequiring instrument only or if you wanta full turn-key system with all theinstruments and software integrated andinstalled – Keysight gives you the flexibility you need. The E4360 SAS is readilyavailable as an off-the-shelf instrumentand also is available from Keysightintegrated into a full turn-key solar arraysimulator system configured to your exactspecification.
03 Keysight Modular Solar Array Simulators - Data SheetMultiple simulation modes2. Table modeFast I-V curve changesThe E4360 SAS provides three operatingmodes, Simulator (SAS), Table and Fixedmodes. To accurately simulate the I-Vcure of a solar array, use SAS or tablemodes. When a standard power supply isneeded, use fixed mode.The I-V curve is determined by a user-defined table of points. A table can have aminimum of 3 points, up to a maximum of4000 points. A point corresponds to aspecific value of I and V. As many as 30tables may be stored in each of the E4360SAS built-in volatile and non-volatilememory. The tables (I-V curve) storedin this non-volatile memory will beretained when the power is turned off,while those stored in volatile memorywill be erased after power is removed.The E4360 offers fast curve changes toenable better simulation of solar arraysunder various environmental conditions,like eclipse and spin. The resolution of theI-V curve can be set to optimize the I-Vcurve for resolution or fast curve change.In simulation (SAS) mode and table mode,you can select high resolution which usesa 4,096 point table to generate a smootherI-V curve within 350 msec. For fast I-Vcurve generation, you can select the 256point table that quickly generates anI-V curve within 30 msec. All the E4360SAS in the system can be synchronizedto change their I-V curves at the sametime using the hardware trigger, suchthat I-V curves can be changed on up to100 outputs within 30 msec or 350 msecbased on resolution setting.1. SAS modeThe E4360 SAS internally generates a4,096 I-V point table. An internal algorithm is used to approximate an I-V curve.This can be done via the I/O interfacesor from the front panel where a PC is notneeded. These four input parameters areneeded to establish a curve in this mode:–– Voc - open circuit voltage–– Isc - short circuit current–– Imp - current at the peak power pointon the curve–– Vmp - voltage at the peak power pointon the curveISCISCImpIAdditionally, current and voltage offsetscan be applied to the selected table tosimulate a change in the operatingconditions of the solar array.3. Fixed modeThis is the default mode when the unit ispowered on. The unit has the rectangularI-V characteristics of a standard powersupply.IIratedSAS modePmaxFixed modePmaxVratedVFigure 2. Power supply output characteristic inFixed modeVmp VOCVFigure 1. Power supply output characteristic inSAS mode
04 Keysight Modular Solar Array Simulators - Data SheetI-V curve listProtection featuresSecurityThe E4360 offers a LIST mode that letsyou pre-program a LIST of up to 512 I-Vcurves. Program up to 512 sets of points,where each set of points include curveparameters: Voc, Vmp, Isc, and Imp. A dwelltime of 30 ms to 33,554 seconds with1 ms resolution can be specified and theE4360 SAS will stay (i.e. dwell) at theset point for the programmed dwell timevalue. Alternately, the LIST can be paced(advanced to the next set point) by a bustrigger or it can be paced by a triggersignal which enables synchronization ofthe LIST with an external event. UtilizingI-V curve lists speed up test executionby removing the computer I/O from theprocess and simplifies I-V curve changemore easily simulating the solar arrayunder various conditions.To safeguard your device from damage,the E4360 module has over-voltage,over-current, and over-temperatureprotection. The E4360 can be configuredsuch that a fault condition in one modulecan be detected within 10 microsecondsby other modules so that they can bequickly shut down to avoid hazardousconditions on your DUT.When used in systems running GPIB,the LAN and/or USB interfaces can bepassword protected and disabled forextra security.Small sizeConnectivityThe E4360 Modular Solar Array Simulatorcomes standard with GPIB, 10/100 Base-TEthernet LAN interfaces, and USB 2.0interfaces, giving you the flexibility to useyour interface of choice today and in thefuture. The E4360 is fully compliant withthe LXI Class C specification.Control from any browserThe built-in web server provides remoteaccess and control of the E4360 via astandard web browser. From the webbrowser, you can setup, monitor andoperate the E4360 remotely.Easy parallel operationShould you need greater output power andcurrent, the E4360 gives you the flexibilityto connect similarly rated outputs inparallel. To simplify parallel operation, theE4360 offers a firmware based feature thatallows it to treat 2 channels asThe Keysight E4360 provides up to1200 W in a small 2U high, 19 inch widepackage. It has side air vents, however 1Uspace is required between the instruments to retain proper cooling.Built-in measurement of voltageand currentThe E4360 modules come standard withbuilt-in measurement of voltage andcurrent. Measurements can be quicklymade on up to 100 outputs in less than500 msec using the hardware trigger.Additionally, the E4360 can simultaneouslydata log both voltage and current at10 readings/s.Figure 3. Built-in ethernet, USB 2.0, and GPIB interfaces enables easy system connections
05 Keysight Modular Solar Array Simulators - Data Sheeta single, synchronized channel. Onceconfigured, all functions (sourcing,programming, measurements, triggering,protection, and status monitoring) behaveas if there is a single channel with twicethe output current and power capability.Plug high power mainframesinto standard AC sockets forquick bench checkoutWhen you first turn on the E4360AModular SAS mainframe, the mainframeautomatically senses the voltage availablefrom the AC line. If the AC line voltage is 180 Vac, the mainframe automaticallyscales back the available output powerto prevent overloading the AC line cord.The E4360A will limit the mainframeoutput power to 600 W allowing the highpower mainframe to be plugged intoany standard outlet. If there is only onemodule installed then full power will beavailable from that module. When twomodules are installed, the output powerof each module would be cut in half (300W per module). This is very convenientfor initial bench checkout of the SAS. It isalso very convenient for test development,which is typically done on the bench whenDUT is not yet driven to full power.DriversThe E4360 comes with both the IVI-COMdriver and the System Control Tools.Keysight 14360A System ControlToolsThe 14360A System Control Toolsis a powerful software driver that greatlysimplifies the programming and controlof a system with multiple E4360A SASpower supplies. It is shipped standard withevery E4360 Modular Mainframe – free ofcost. There are three components of the14360A System Control Tools: the systemdriver, the configuration wizard, and theserver control.The system driverThe 14360 system driver interfaces withthe user’s test application and providesthe capability for a single function call tocontrol up to 100 E4360 SAS outputs(50 mainframes).TriggeringThe E4360 Modular Solar Array Simulatormainframe has hardware trigger in/trigger out signals which permit theE4360 to be synchronized with externalevents. For example, all SAS in a systemcan be synchronized to change theirI-V curve, to take a voltage and currentmeasurement, or to start a data logging.Figure 4. Keysight E4360A built-in web serverThe driver functions provide support formany tasks like configuration measurement, and status readback of a system. Itenables you to set and measure voltageand current levels, operating modes(Fixed, SAS, Table), protection levels, SASmode settings (Isc, Voc, Imp, Vmp) and muchmore. The driver supports VISA and TCP/IP sockets connection.The configuration wizardThe configuration wizard is a graphicaluser interface (GUI) that lets you easilysearch for and configure the layout ofthe E4360 SAS system without writinga single line of code. Simply specify theinstrument search parameters, createmodule groups and segments, and dragand drop modules to desired segments.This wizard generates a configuration fileused to initialize the system driver.
06 Keysight Modular Solar Array Simulators - Data SheetServer controlThe server control allows access to thesystem by multiple applications and aninternet browser web monitor for viewingthe status of the system.The server control utilizes a client-servermodel, enabling a remote PC tocommunicate with the SAS system PC.Through the use of dual Ethernet cards inthe PC running the server control, clientscan access the SAS system remotely.Placing the SAS system on its own privatenetwork simplifies system maintenanceand new system development allowingsystem configurations to be duplicated.Figure 5. Keysight 14360A system control tools: configuration wizardThe web monitor allows you to remotelymonitor your system of E4360s. From anyweb browser, you can view the overallsystem driver status, the system layoutalong with module measurement andstatus, and more. It also provides a linkage to the webGUI that is available for anindividual E4360 instrument allowing youto configure and control that instrument.The webGUI can be password protected.This is a great tool for monitoring andtroubleshooting a system of E4360s.Programming languageFront panelThe E4360 supports easy-to-use SCPI(Standard Commands for ProgrammableInstruments).In addition to full control over its threestandard interfaces, the E4360 has a fullfeatured front panel to permit easy manualoperation for test prototyping, debugging,and troubleshooting when used in an ATEsystem. You can have confidence thatthe E4360 is working properly becauseyou can view the settings and actualoutput values on both outputs at thesame time. Further, all SAS modes can beprogrammed and controlled from the frontpanel.Firmware updatesThe E4360 firmware is stored in FLASHROM and can be easily updated when newfeatures become available. Firmware canbe downloaded into the E4360 over GPIB,LAN, or USB using the supplied firmwareupdate utility program. Firmware updatescan be found atwww.keysight.com/find/E4360firmware.Analog programming andmonitoringIn fixed mode, the output current can beprogrammed from zero to full scale by ananalog voltage of 0 to –4 V.
07 Keysight Modular Solar Array Simulators - Data SheetUniversal AC inputThe E4360 has a universal input thatoperates from 100-240 Vac, 50/60/400 Hz.There are no switches to set or fuses tochange when switching from one voltagestandard to another. The ac input employspower factor correction. In order to getfull output power when a mainframe isconfigured with two modules, it must beconnected to an ac input of 180 Vac;else output power will be limited to 600 W.Quick disconnectsEach power module has quick disconnectsfor easy system setup and maintenance.Rack mount kitThe E3460 is easily rack-mounted usingavailable option 908. This kit provides allthe necessary hardware to rack mountone E4360A mainframe in 2U of rackspace. This rack mount kit includes frontrack ears and rear supports which takethe place of standard rack rails and/orslides.Custom turn-key systemKeysight offers an affordable full turn-keysolar array simulator system with all theinstruments, and software integratedand installed. Save valuable systemdevelopment time by letting Keysighthandle all the system design elements.This SAS system is built on the E4360Modular Solar Array Simulator platformmaking this systemthe smallest available on the market. TheE4360 modular architecture makes it easyto configure, re-configure, and supportthis system since modules can be easilymoved and replaced. Further the system’scomponents are made up of commercialoff-the-shelf instruments, a standard PCand standard interconnectivity (LAN,USB) for lower cost, easier support, andreduced down time. Keysight will tailorthe system to your exact specification.Contact your local Keysight sales office tolearn more about our custom systems.While the scope of this service is usuallylimited to the modification of a standardSAS, our engineers welcome a discussionto determine the feasibility of meeting yourspecific requirements. Contact your localKeysight sales office with your modification request.Whether you need spares, want toconfigure the system yourself or wantKeysight to build your system – the E4360gives you the flexibility to choose theconfiguration that best meets your teststrategy.Modification serviceWhile the E4360 Modular Solar ArraySimulator will meet most of your needs,Keysight recognizes that these SAS maynot match all needs. To better solve yourspecific problem, Keysight offers a specialmodification service. This service entailsthe design and manufacture of a modifiedversion of standard E4360 SAS models.Typical modifications include changes tothe maximum output voltage or currentwithin the power ratings. The modifiedSAS are designed, manufactured, tested,to Keysight’s high quality and reliabilitystandards.Figure 6. Custom turnkey system
08 Keysight Modular Solar Array Simulators - Data SheetPerformance Specifications for Keysight E4361A and E4362A SAS ModulesUnless otherwise noted, specifications are warranted over the ambient temperature range of 0 to 40 C and areapplicable for Fixed, Simulator, and Table modesE4361AE4362AE4362A-J01E4362A-J02510 W600 W594 W594 WMaximum open circuit voltage (Voc) 65 V130 V117 V120 VMaximum voltage point (Vmp)60 V120 V108 V110 VLine voltage:200 V/230 V/240 VMaximum short circuit current (Isc)8.5 A5.0 A5.5 A5.4 AMaximum circuit point (Imp)8.5 A5.0 A5.5 A5.4 ALine voltage:100 V/120 V4Maximum short Circuit current (Isc) 4.25 A2.5 A2.75 A2.7 AMaximum current point (Imp)4.25 A2.5 A2.75 A2.7 A0.25 Ω1Ω1Ω1ΩOutput ratings(Simulator and table mode)Output ratings(Fixed mode)Maximum power11Minimum impedance( V/ Vl)1Voltage0 - 60 V0 - 120 V0 - 108 V0 - 110 VLine voltage:200 V/230 V/240 VCurrent0 - 8.5 A0 - 5.0 A0 - 5.5 A0 - 5.4 ALine voltage:100 V/120 V4Current0 - 4.25 A0 - 2.5 A0 - 2.75 A0 - 2.7 A0.11 A/ C0.069 A/ C0.069 A/ C0.068 A/ C20 mVrms24 mVrms24 mVrms24 mVrms125 mVp-p195 mVp-p195 mVp-p195 mVp-p24 mVrms30 mVrms30 mVrms30 mVrms150 mVp-p150 mVp-p150 mVp-p150 mVp-pCurrent derating factor(from 40 to 55 C)Output voltage ripple & noise(from 20 Hz to 20 MHz with a resistiveload, outputs ungrounded, or eitheroutput grounded)Simulator/table modeFixed mode (constant voltage)Programming accuracy 2,3(@ 23 5 C)Fixed mode voltage0.075% 25 mV 0.075% 50 mV 0.075% 50 mV 0.075% 50 mVFixed mode current0.2% 20 mA0.2% 10 mA0.2% 11 mA0.2% 11 mAReadback accuracy(from front panel or over GPIB withrespect to actual output @ 23 5 C)Voltage0.08% 25 mV0.08% 50 mV0.08% 50 mV0.08% 50 mV Current0.20% 20 mA0.20% 10 mA0.20% 11 mA0.20% 11 mA Current0.35% 48 mA0.35% 24 mA0.35% 26 mA0.35% 26 mALoad regulation – fixed mode(change in output voltage or current forany load change within ratings)Constant voltage2 mV2 mV2 mV2 mVConstant current1 mA1 mA1 mA1 mALine regulation – fixed mode(change in output voltage or current forany line voltage change within ratings)Constant voltage2 mV2 mV2 mV2 mVConstant current1 mA1 mA1 mA1 mA31. There is no maximum impedance restriction. The programmed value for Imp can be less than or equal to Isc.2. In Simulator mode, the output current is related to the readback output voltage by an internal algorithm. In Table mode, the output currentis related to the readback output voltage by interpolation between points that are entered by the user.3. The unit may go out of specification when subjected to RF fields of 3 volts/meter in the frequency range of 26 MHz to 1 GHz.4. There is no current derating when only one output module is installed in the mainframe.
09 Keysight Modular Solar Array Simulators - Data SheetPerformance Specifications for Keysight E4361A and E4362A SAS Modules(Continued)Unless otherwise noted, specifications are warranted over the ambient temperature range of 0 to 40 C and are applicable for Fixed,Simulator, and Table modesE4361A-J01E4362A-J03E4362A-J04E4362A-J05498 W598 W596 W552.5 WMaximum open circuit voltage (Voc) 58 V108 V170 V95 VMaximum voltage point (Vmp)53.5 V99.7 V157 V87.7 VLine voltage:200 V/230 V/240 VMaximum short circuit current (Isc)9.3 A6A3.8 A6.3 AMaximum current point (Imp)19.3 A6A3.8 A6.3 ALine voltage:100 V/120 V4Maximum short circuit current (Isc)4.65 A3A1.9 A3.15 AMaximum current point (Imp)4.65 A3A1.9 A3.15 AMinimum impedance(ΔV/ΔVl)11Ω1Ω1.72 Ω1ΩVoltage0 - 53.5 V0 - 99.7 V0 - 157 V0 - 87.7 VOutput ratings(Simulator and table mode)Output ratings(Fixed mode)Maximum powerLine voltage:200 V/230 V/240 VCurrent0 - 9.3 A0-6A0 - 3.8 A0 - 6.3 ALine voltage:100 V/120 V4Current0 - 4.65 A0-3A0 - 1.9 A0 - 3.15 A0.12 A/ C0.075 A/ C0.048 A/ C0.079 A/ C20 mVrms23 mVrms32 mVrms22 mVrms125 mVp-p175 mVp-p250 mVp-p158 mVp-p24 mVrms28 mVrms40 mVrms27 mVrms150 mVp-p150 mVp-p195 mVp-p150 mVp-pCurrent derating factor(from 40 to 55 C)Output voltage ripple & noise(from 20 Hz to 20 MHz with aresistive load, outputs ungrounded,or either output grounded)Programming accuracy(@ 23 5 C)2,3Simulator/table modeFixed mode (constant voltage)Fixed mode voltage0.075% 22 mV 0.075% 42 mV 0.075% 65 mV0.075% 37 mVFixed mode current0.2% 22 mA0.2% 12 mA0.2% 8 mA0.2% 15 mAReadback accuracy 3(from front panel or over GPIB withrespect to actual output @ 23 5 C)Voltage0.08% 22 mV0.08% 42 mV0.08% 65 mV0.08% 37 mV Current0.20% 23 mA0.20% 12 mA0.20% 8 mA0.20% 15 mA Current0.35% 53 mA0.35% 29 mA0.35% 19 mA0.35% 36 mALoad regulation – fixed mode(change in output voltage or current forany load change within ratings)Constant voltage2 mV3 mV3 mV2 mVConstant current1 mA1 mA1 mA1 mALine regulation – fixed mode(change in output voltage or current forany line voltage change within ratings)Constant voltage2 mV2 mV2 mV2 mVConstant current1 mA1 mA1 mA1 mV1. There is no maximum impedance restriction. The programmed value for Imp can be less than or equal to Isc.2. In Simulator mode, the output current is related to the readback output voltage by an internal algorithm. In Table mode, the output currentis related to the readback output voltage by interpolation between points that are entered by the user.3. The unit may go out of specification when subjected to RF fields of 3 volts/meter in the frequency range of 26 MHz to 1 GHz.4. There is no current derating when only one output module is installed in the mainframe.
10 Keysight Modular Solar Array Simulators - Data SheetSupplemental Characteristics for Keysight E4361A and E4362A SAS ModulesSupplemental characteristics are not warranted but are descriptions of typical performance determined either by design or type testing.E4361AE4362AE4362A-J01E4362A-J024 mArms4 mArms4 mArms4 mArms32 mAp-p32 mAp-p32 mAp-p32 mAp-p2.5 mArms2.5 mArms3 mArms3 mArms19 mAp-p19 mAp-p20 mAp-p20 mAp-pSimulator/table mode voltage0 - 65 V0 - 130 V0 - 117 V0 - 120 VFixed mode voltage0 - 61.5 V0 - 123 V0 - 110.7 V0 - 112.8 VLine voltage:200 V/230 V/240 VCurrent0 - 8.66 A0 - 5.1 A0 - 5.61 A0 - 5.51 ALine voltage:100 V/120 V1Current0 - 4.33 A0 - 2.55 A0 - 2.81 A0 - 2.75 AOvervoltage protection0 - 74 V0 -140 V0 -127 V0 -129 VOvercurrent limit0 - 10.6 A0 - 6.25 A0 - 6.88 A0 - 6.75 AVoltage19 mV37 mV35 mV35 mVCurrent2.7 mA1.6 mA1.8 mA1.7 mAOvervoltage protection325 mV600 mV575 mV575 mVOvercurrent limit46 mA27 mA31 mA30 mAOvervoltage protection0.65 V1.2 V1.1 V1.1 VOvercurrent limit0.5% 215 mA0.5% 125 mA0.5% 140 mA0.5% 135 mACurrent monitor (referenced toP common)1.0% 130 mA1.0% 75 mA1.0% 85 mA1.0% 81 mAAnalog programming1.0% 5.5 mA1.0% 3.2 mA1.0% 3.5 mA1.0% 3.4 mA Ip to Ip differential input(0 to full scale)0 to -4 V0 to -4 V0 to -4 V0 to -4 VMax. common mode voltage(referenced to OUT) 18 V 18 V 18 V 18 VNominal Input Impedance20 kΩ20 kΩ20 kΩ20 kΩDrift/temperature stability(change in output over 8 hours underconstant load, line, and ambient,following a 30 minute warmup)Voltage0.04% 1 mV0.04% 2 mV0.04% 2 mV0.04% 2 mVCurrent0.1% 0.85 mA0.1% 0.5 mA0.1% 0.55 mA0.1% 0.54 mATemperature coefficients(output change per C)Voltage0.01% 325 μV0.01% 650 μV0.01% 650 μV0.01% 650 μVCurrent0.025% 215 μA 0.025% 125 μA 0.025% 140 μA 0.025% 135 μAOutput current ripple & noise(from 20 Hz to 20 MHz with aresistive load, outputs ungrounded,or either output grounded)Output programming range(maximum programmable values)Programming resolution(average values)Programming accuracyFixed mode analogCurrent programmingSimulator/table modeFixed mode (constant current)Output capacitance 100 nF 50 nF 50 nF 50 nFMaximum reverse diode current(with fans running)8.5 A5.0 A5.5 A5.4 A1.There is no current derating when only one output module is installed in the mainframe.
11 Keysight Modular Solar Array Simulators - Data SheetSupplemental Characteristics for Keysight E4361A and E4362A SAS Modules(Continued)Supplemental characteristics are not warranted but are descriptions of typical performance determined either by design or type testing.E4361A-J01E4362A-J03E4362A-J04E4362A-J054 mArms4 mArms4 mArms4 mArms32 mAp-p32 mAp-p32 mAp-p32 mAp-p2.5 mArms2.5 mArms2.5 mArms2.5 mArms19 mAp-p19 mAp-p19 mAp-p19 mAp-pSimulator/table mode Voltage0 - 58 V0 - 108 V0 - 170 V0 - 95 VOutput current ripple & noise(from 20 Hz to 20 MHz with aresistive load, outputs ungrounded,or either output grounded)Simulator/table modeOutput programming range(maximum programmable values)Fixed mode (constant current)Fixed mode voltage0 - 54.8 V0 - 102.2 V0 - 161 V0 - 89.9 VLine voltage:200 V/230 V/240 VCurrent0 - 9.5 A0 - 6.12 A0 - 3.875 A0 - 6.42 ALine voltage:100 V/120 V1Current0 - 4.75 A0 - 3.06 A0 - 1.938 A0 - 3.21 AOvervoltage protection0 - 66.7 V0 - 117.3 V0 - 181.3 V0 -103.9 VOvercurrent limit0 - 11.6 A0 - 7.5 A0 - 4.75 A0 - 7.9 AVoltage17 mV31 mV48 mV27 mVCurrent3.0 mA1.9 mA1.2 mA2 mAOvervoltage protection295 mV510 mV785 mV452 mVOvercurrent limit52 mA32 mA22 mA34 mAOvervoltage protection0.6 V1.0 V1.56 V0.9 VOvercurrent limit0.5% 235 mA0.5% 150 mA0.5% 100 mA0.5% 159 mACurrent monitor (referenced toP common)1.0% 140 mA1.0% 90 mA1.0% 60 mA1.0% 96 mAAnalog programming1.0% 6 mA1.0% 3.9 mA1.0% 2.5 mA1.0% 4.1 mA Ip to Ip differential Input(0 to full scale)0 to -4 V0 to -4 V0 to -4 V0 to -4 VMax. common mode voltage(referenced to OUT) 18 V 18 V 18 V 18 VNominal input impedance20 kΩ20 kΩ20 kΩ20 kΩDrift/temperature stability(change in output over 8 hours underconstant load, line, and ambient,following a 30 minute warmup)Voltage0.04% 0.9 mV0.04% 1.7 mV0.04% 2.6 mV0.04% 1.5 mVCurrent0.1% 0.93 mA0.1% 0.6 mA0.1% 0.4 mA0.1% 630 µATemperature coefficients(output change per C)Voltage0.01% 290 μV0.01% 540 μV0.01% 850 μV0.01% 475 μVCurrent0.025% 235 μA 0.025% 150 μA 0.025% 100 μA 0.025% 159 μAProgramming resolution(average values)Programming accuracyFixed mode analogcurrent programmingOutput capacitance 100 nF 50 nF 50 nF 100 nFMaximum reverse diode current(with fans running)9.3 A6A3.8 A6.3 A1.There is no current derating when only one output module is installed in the mainframe.
12 Keysight Modular Solar Array Simulators - Data SheetSupplemental Characteristics for Keysight E4361A and E4362A SAS Modules(Continued)Supplemental characteristics are not warranted but are descriptions of typical performance determined either by design or type testing.E4361AE4362AE4362A-J01E4362A-J02Output current settling time(output recovery to within 1.5 A of an operating point on the I-V curve(V 90% of VMP) after switching from a short circuit to a fixed load) 5 μs 5 μs 5 μs 5 μsMaximum capacitive load(for stable operation)Simulator/table mode2000 μF2000 μF2000 μF2000 μFFixed mode2000 μF2000 μF2000 μF2000 μFLoad lead drop with remote sensingSimulator/table modeUp to 2 volts (Voc - Vmp)Up to 2 volts (Voc - Vmp)Up to 2 volts (Voc - Vmp)Up to 2 volts (Voc - Vmp)Fixed modeUp to 2 voltstotalUp to 2 voltstotalUp to 2 voltstotalUp to 2 voltstotalSimulator/table mode500 mA500 mA500 mA500 mAFixed mode440 mA440 mA440 mA440 mAVoltage programming rise/fall time(time for output to change from 90% to 10%or 10% to 90% of its total excursion) 8 ms 8 ms 8 ms 8 msVoltage programming settling time(time for output change to settle within 0.1% ofthe rating of the unit; either 60 mV or 120 mV)25 mstypical25 mstypical25 mstypical25 mstypicalMonotonicityOutput is monotonic over entire rated voltage, current, temperaturerangeAuto-parallel configurationUp to 4outputsUp to 4outputsUp to 4outputsUp to 4outputsSeries and shunt switching frequency(switching frequency is controlling by a customer-suppliedexternal series or shunt FET connected to the output)50 kHzmaximum150 kHzmaximum150 kHzmaximum150 kHzmaximum1Output terminal isolation(maximum, from chassis ground) 240 Vdc 240 Vdc 240 Vdc 240 VdcRecommended calibration interval1 year1 year1 year1 yearCurrent sinking capability1.Higher switching frequencies may be possible given the right load conditions consisting of but not necessarily limited to the inductance ofthe load cable to the shunt switch and the on/off edge rate of the shunt switch.
13 Keysight Modular Solar Array Simulators - Data SheetSupplemental Characteristics for Keysight E4361A and E4362A SAS ModulesSupplemental characteristics are not warranted but are descriptions of typical performance determined either by design or type tput current settling time(output recovery to within 1.5 A of an operating point on the I-V curve(V 90% of VMP) after switching from a short circuit to a fixed load) 5 μs 5 μs 5 μs 5 μsMaximum capacitive load(for stable operation)Simulator/table mode2000 μF2000 μF2000 μF2000 μFFixed mode2000 μF2000 μF2000 μF2000 μFLoad lead drop with remote sensingSimulator/table modeUp to 2 volts (Voc - Vmp)Up to 2 volts (Voc - Vmp)Up to 2 volts (Voc - Vmp)Up to 2 volts (Voc - Vmp)Fixed modeUp to 2 voltstotalUp to 2 voltstotalUp to 2 voltstotalUp to 2 voltstotalSimulator/table mode560 mA560 mA400 mA560 mAFixed mode440 mA440 mA340 mA440 mAVoltage programming rise/fall time(time for output to change from 90% to 10%or 10% to 90% of its total excursion) 8 ms 8 ms 8 ms 8 msVoltage programming settling time(time for output change to settle within 0.1% ofthe rating of the unit; either 60 mV or 120 mV)25 mstypical25 mstypical25 mstypical25 mstypicalMonotonicityOutput is monotonic over entire rated voltage, current, temperaturerangeAuto-parallel configurationUp to 4outputsUp to 4outputsUp to 4outputsUp to 4outputsSeries and shunt switching frequency(switching frequency is controlling by a customer-suppliedexternal series or shunt FET connected to the output)50 kHzmaximum150 kHzmaximum145 kHzmaximum150 kHzmaximum1Output terminal isolation(maximum, from chassis ground) 240 Vdc 240 Vdc 240 Vdc 240 VdcRecommended calibration interval1 year1 year1 year1 yearCurrent sinking capability1.Higher switching frequencies may be possible given the right load conditions consisting of but not necessarily limited to the inductance ofthe load cable to the shunt switch and the on/off edge rate of the shunt switch.
14 Keysight Modular Solar Arra
The E4360 SAS provides three operating modes, Simulator (SAS), Table and Fixed modes. To accurately simulate the I-V cure of a solar array, use SAS or table modes. When a standard power supply is needed, use fixed mode. 1. SAS mode The E4360 SAS internally generates a 4,096 I-V point table. An internal algo-rithm is used to approximate an I-V .
