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Human Anatomy & Physiology: Latin and Greek Word-Part List (prefixes, suffixes, roots)Students of any biology course should learn to recognize the meaning of word parts as they often give clues to the meaning of a scientific term, function, or process.Science terminology is predominately based in the Latin and Greek languages.The following list of prefixes, suffixes, and roots will be used in this and most Biology (bio life, logy study of) courses.To help with pronunciation, word parts need to be linked together. The linkage for many word parts is “o”. For example, linking the root “cardi” with the suffix “-pathy”would make the word difficult to pronounce; therefore an “o” is used to link the root with the suffix. The completed word is written “cardiopathy” and pronounced kar-deop-ah-the (heart disease).Accurate spelling of each work is also important. Changing one letter may change the word part and its meaning. Examples include: “ileum” is a part of the smallintestine & “ilium” is a bone in the hips, “ped” refers to the foot & “pedia” refers to children, “ab” means away & “ad” means toward. Finding a word in a dictionary,glossary, or index requires a knowledge of spelling – at least the beginning of a word. For example, pneumonia and psychology have a silent “p”.By the end of this course you should be able to: (1) Understand the importance of medical terminology and how it can be incorporated into the study of the human body,(2) Differentiate between a prefix, suffix, word root, and a compound term, (3) Link word parts to form medical terms, (4) Differentiate between singular and plural endingsof medical terms, (5) Dissect (cut) compound medical terms into parts to analyze their meaning, and (6) Recognize and pronounce commonly used prefixes, suffixes,and root words used in medical terminology. The last page of this “Word Part” packet has a list of singular and plurals word forms.Word Part #1Word Parta-, an, nonab-, efad-, afadi-, lip(o)-alganaang(i)ante-, pre-, proanti-, contraaqua(e)-, hydrarthr(o), artic-aseaudiaut(o)bi-, di-, diplobrachy-, brev(i)bradybronch-MeaningExample(s)Without, NotAwayTowardFatPainUpVesselBeforeAgainst, yApnea, Anuria, NonstriatedAbductor muscle, Efferent NeuronAfferent neuron, Adductor muscleAdipose, LiposuctionNeuralgia, FibromyalgiaAnabolic reactionAngiogenesis, VasodialatorPrenatal, Antebrachial, PromonocyteAntibody, ContraceptionAqueous, hydrocephalusArthritis, ArticulationMaltase, LipaseAuditory nerveAutoimmunityMeaning of Example(s)Not breathing, Without urine, Muscle not striatedMuscle pulling away from midline (deltoid), Carrying info away from brainCarry info toward brain, Muscle pulling toward midline (groin)Fat tissue, Removing (by suction) fat from the bodyNerve pain, Muscle painBuilding up molecules (bonding amino acids together to make proteins)Making of a new blood vessel, Medicines that widen a vesselBefore birth, Before the upper arm, Before the monocyte is matureResisting a foreign body (pathogen), Against conception (egg sperm)Water solution, Water (cerebral spinal fluid – CSF) on the brainJoint inflammation, Joint (where two bones meet)Enzyme breaking down maltose, Enzyme breaking down lipids/fatsNerve connecting the ear to the brainSelf-immunity (when a persons antibodies attack its own cells/tissues)Bicuspid, Diencephalon, Diplococcus2 pointed (tooth or heart valve), 2 parts within the brain, 2 round bacteriaBrachydactyly, Fibularis brevisBradycardiaBronchitisShort digits (toes or fingers), Short muscle in the lower legSlower than normal heart rateAirway (bronchus – tube entering lungs) inflammation

cardcat-HeartDownWord PartCardiologyCatabolic reactionStudy of the heartBreaking down molecules (protein bonds being broken to form amino acids)Word Quiz #2MeaningExample(s)coel-, sinu-100, ak, DestroyTogether, WithCavity, SpaceCentury, CentigramAmniocentesisHydrocephalus, Biceps femorisCholecystokinin, Cystic ductChrondrocyteSpermacideCircumcision, PeriodontalOsteoclastCongenital, Synthesis, SystemCoelom, Frontal sinusWord PartMeaningExample(s)BodySecrete, ReleaseSkinBlueCellFinger or Toe10, 1/10thTooth/TeethCorpus luteum, Somatic cellEndocrine glandSubcutaneous, DermatitisCyanosisLeukocyteSyndactylyDecade, Dekagram, DeciliterDentalgia, OrthodontistThrough, Separate, AcrossDiarrhea, Permaeable, TranscutaneousDyspnea, Malnutrition, Malabsorptioncent-centesiscephal-, -cepschol-, cysticchondr-cidecirc-, peri-clastco-, con-, sym-, syn-, sys-Meaning of Example(s)100 years, 1/100th of a gramPuncture to aspirate (remove) amniotic fluid from amniotic sacWater in brain (in the head), 2-headed (2 tendons) muscle by femurHormone causing gallbladder contraction, Tube (for bile) from gallbladderCartilage cellSperm killerCut around (ex. male foreskin), Around the teethBone breaker (cells that destroy cells, thus shaping a bone)Born with, Put together, Organs working togetherBody cavity, Space in the frontal boneWord Part #3corp-, soma-crinecut, dermcyan-cytedactyl, digitdec(k)dent, dontdia-, per-, trans-dys-, mal-Bad, Painful, DifficultMeaning of Example(s)Yellow body (former follicle in ovary),Body cell (all non-sex cells)Glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstreamBelow the skin, Skin inflammationCondition causing skin to turn blue (due to low oxygen levels)White blood cellFingers or Toes that are together (webbed)10 years, 10 grams, 1/10th of a literTooth pain, Doctor that straightens teethFlow through (intestines), Across a membrane, Across skinDifficult breathing, Bad nutrition/diet, Poor nutrient absorptionWord Part #4Word Part-ectomy, -tom, -sectectopedem-emesis-emiaen, endo-, intraepi-MeaningCut, Cut outDisplacedSwellingVomitingBlood conditionInside, WithinUpon, Over, AboveExample(s)Appendectomy, Lobotomy, DissectEctopic m, IntraocularEpidermis, EpididymisMeaning of Example(s)Cut out appendix, Cut out cerebral (brain) lobe, Cut in twoDisplaced pregnancy (embryo implant outside uterus – usually oviduct)Swelling of tissues due to the accumulation of lymphExcessive vomitingLow blood sugarCavity/space inside a bone, Inside the orbit or eye socketLayer of skin over the dermis, Coiled tubes above the testes

equi-, homo-, isoerythr-estheHomeostasis, IsotonicErythrocyteAnesthesiaSame, Equal, BalancedRedSensationConstant internal balance (of body functions), Equal solute (ICF & ECF)Red blood cellWith sensation or feelingWord Part #5Word Partex-, ectofasciforamgastr-gen, poie-, blastger (o, i) glomgloss/tt, lingugluc-, gly, hCreate, FormAging, OldBallTongueSugarWomanExtracelluar fluidMuscle or nerve fascicleInfraorbital foramenGastric bypass surgeryMeaning of Example(s)Solute/fluid located outside of cellsA bundle or grouping of muscle or nerve cellsAn opening in the bone below the eye for nerves & vessels to passSurgery for obese patients to dramatically reduce stomach sizeOogenesis, Hemopoiesis, Osteoblast Create an egg, Form new blood cells, Make new bone cellsGerontology, GeriatricsStudy of aging, Branch of medicine dealing with older patientsGlomerulusA ball of capillaries in the kidney where metabolic waste is filteredHypoglossal, SublingualCranial nerve connected under the tongue, Salivary gland under tongueGlucose, GlycogenMonosaccharide of carbohydrates (sugars), Big molecule made of glucoseGynecologistDoctor specializing in the treatment of females & their repro systemWord Part #6Word PartMeaningExample(s)Something writtenWriting apparatusPrint out of the electrical activity of the heartBloodHalfLiverSixTissueOver, ExcessiveElectrocardiogram axCerebral hemisphereHepatitisHexoseHistologyHypertonic, Hyperesthesiahypo-, infra-, infer-,sub-Under, Below, LessHypotonic, Infraorbital, Inferior, submandibularLesser solute concentration, below eye, under the jawWord PartMeaningExample(s)UterusCondition ofInflammation ofBetween1000, 1000thTo move, DivideMilkHysterectomy, EndometriumCholelithiasis, NephrosisAppendicitisInterstitial FluidKilogram, MilligramKinesiology, CytokinesisLactose-gram-graph-graphyhemhemi-, semihepathexhisthyper-Use of writing apparatusMeaning of Example(s)Apparatus/machine used to make an electrocardiogramThe use of the electrocardiographBlood that has leaked into the chest cavityOne half of the brain (left or right cerebral hemisphere)Inflammation of the liver (usually caused by viral infection)A sugar containing 6 carbons (glucose C6H12O6)Study of tissuesGreater solute concentration, Excessive/over sensitivityWord Part #7hyster-, metr-iasis, -osis-itisinterkilo-, millikinlact-Meaning of Example(s)Cutting out of uterus, Inner lining of uterus (lost each month in females)Having gallstones, Kidney disorderInflammation (swelling, redness, warmth, & pain) of the appendixAn extracellular fluid found between cells1000 grams, 1000th of a gramStudy of body movement (mechanics of muscles), Cell DivisionMilk sugar

laparleuk(c)lig-AbdomenWhiteConnect, BindLaparscopyLeucopoeisisLigaments, LigaseAbdomen viewed (small holes in abdomen replace large surgical incisions)The making of white blood cells (wbc’s)Connective tissue joining bone to bone, Enzyme that forms bondsWord Part #8Word Part-logy, -ist, -icianlys, lyzemacr-, mega, magnmamm-, mass-, pect--maniamed-, meso-, meta--megalymelanomens-metric, -meterMeaningExample(s)Study of, SpecialistBreak apart, DissolveCardiology, Pharmacist, DieticianStudy of heart, Drug/medicinal specialist, Nutrition specialistHydrolysis, LysosomeLargeBreast, ChestMacrophage, Magnum foramenBreaking down macromolecules, Organelle that digests/dissolvesBig WBC that eats/digests, Large opening in skull for spinal cordMammary, Massectomy, PectoralisObsession, diastinum, Mesoderm, MetaphaseMeasurement, LengthSplenomegalyMelanocyteMenstrual cycleIsometric, SpirometerMeaning of Example(s)Breast tissue, Breast removal, Chest muscleCompulsion to stealMiddle space of chest cavity, Middle germ layer, Chromosomes in middleEnlargement of the spleen (usually due to infection)Black pigmented cells of the skinThe 28 day cycle involving the endometrium of the uterusUsing skeletal muscle w/o movement, Breathing/air measurementWord Part #9Word PartMeaningExample(s)micro-, -ole, -ulemnemmono-, unimorph, -plastymort, necrmulti-, polymutmyonas-, seBirthMicroscope, Arteriole, VenuleAmnesiaMonozygotic, UnicellularMorphology, RhinoplastyPost mortem, Necrotic tissueMultinucleate, PolysaccharideMutationMyopathy, MyofibrilNasal septum, RhinovirusPrenatalMeaning of Example(s)Apparatus used to view small objects, Small artery, Small veinLoss of memoryTwins coming from the same zygote (identical), 1-celled organismDifferentiating/distinguishing by shape, Nose shaping (surgical repair)After death, dead tissueMany nuclei (ex. Skeletal muscle), Many monosaccharidesAny change in the sequence of DNAMuscle disease, Skeletal muscle cellDivision/wall in the nasal cavity, Virus frequently infecting the noseBefore birthWord Part #10Word PartMeaningExample(s)neonephr-, reno(o), ovioctNewKidneyEggEightEyeNeonatalNephrosclerosis, Renal veinOophorectomy, OviductOctet ruleOrbicularis occuli, OphthalmologistResembling, Shape ofSigmoid colonocu, ophth, opt, orbit-oidMeaning of Example(s)NewbornHardening of the kidney, Vessel carrying blood away from kidneyRemoval of ovary (egg maker), Tube transporting egg to uterusAtoms’ desire to fill its outer shell with 8 electrons (allows bonding)Muscle around eye (allows winking), Eye doctorS-shaped (end of colon, connects to rectum)