Transcription
2017 Geotechnical Engineering ManualGeotechnical Engineering Section
1/19/2017MnDOT Geotechnical Manualii2017 GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING MANUAL . IGEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING SECTION. I1PURPOSE & OVERVIEW OF MANUAL . 81.11.21.31.42PURPOSE . 8GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING . 8OVERVIEW OF THE GEOTECHNICAL SECTION . 8MANUAL DESCRIPTION AND DEVELOPMENT . 9GEOTECHNICAL PLANNING . 122.1 PURPOSE, SCOPE, RESPONSIBILITY . 122.2 PPMS AND PROGRAMMED PROJECTS . 132.3 GEOTECHNICAL REQUEST FORM . 142.4 OFFICE REVIEW . 142.4.1Geologic Maps . 142.4.2Existing Borings . 152.4.3Hydraulics Reports . 152.4.4Site Visit . 152.4.5Boring and In Situ Test Frequency . 152.4.6Subsurface Investigation Plan . 193FIELD INVESTIGATIONS. 233.1 UTILITY CLEARANCE . 243.2 PROPERTY ACCESS . 243.3 ROADWAY SAFETY AND TRAFFIC CONTROL . 243.3.1Location Surveys . 243.3.2Site Clean-Up. 243.4 SUBSURFACE INVESTIGATIONS. 253.4.1Diamond Core Drilling . 253.4.2Soil Sampling . 263.4.3Continuous Soil Sampling . 273.4.4Boring Depths . 273.4.5Field Logs . 283.4.6Borehole Sealing . 313.4.7Special Well Construction Areas . 333.4.8Transporting and Storing Samples . 333.5 IN SITU MEASUREMENTS . 333.5.1In Situ Rock Measurements. 343.5.2Standard Penetration Test (SPT) . 343.5.3MnDOT Modified Standard Penetration Test (SPT) . 373.5.4Cone Penetration Test (CPT) . 383.5.5Flat Plate Dilatometer (DMT) (ASTM D6635-01) . 403.5.6Pressuremeter Test (PMT) (ASTM D4719) . 413.5.7Test Pits . 423.5.8Geophysical Methods. 423.6 GROUNDWATER INVESTIGATIONS . 453.6.1Borings & Soundings . 453.6.2Piezometers. 463.6.3In-Situ Testing . 464LABORATORY TESTING . 484.14.2MINIMUM TESTING RATES . 48MOISTURE CONTENT TESTS . 48
1/19/2017MnDOT Geotechnical Manualiii4.3 UNCONFINED COMPRESSION TESTS . 484.4 ONE DIMENSIONAL CONSOLIDATION TESTS . 494.5 TRIAXIAL COMPRESSION TESTS . 494.6 UNIT WEIGHT TESTS . 494.7 SPECIFIC GRAVITY . 504.8 ENGINEERING PROPERTIES . 504.8.1Atterberg Limit Tests. 504.8.2In-place Volume and Weight Relationships . 514.8.3Grain Size Analysis . 534.8.4Organic Content Tests . 544.8.5Unconfined Compression Tests for Rock . 545SOIL & ROCK CLASSIFICATION AND LOGGING . 555.1 FIELD IDENTIFICATION . 555.1.1Texture . 565.1.2Laboratory Testing . 585.2 CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS. 595.2.1Triangular Textural . 595.2.2AASHTO . 655.2.3Unified Soil Classification System. 655.3 ROCK CLASSIFICATION . 665.3.1Lithology . 665.3.2Rock Sample Description Standards. 725.4 ROCK FORMATIONS . 915.4.1Boring Logs . 915.4.2Soil Description . 925.4.3Logging Procedures for Core Drilling . 935.5 QUARRY STUDIES . 936GEOTECHNICAL ANALYSIS . 956.1 DESIGN INVOLVEMENT . 956.2 LRFD. 966.2.1Limit States . 976.2.2Resistance Factors . 976.3 SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS . 986.4 GROUND REPLACEMENT OR IMPROVEMENT FOR SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS AND EARTH SUPPORT . 996.5 DEEP FOUNDATIONS . 1006.6 HYBRID FOUNDATIONS . 1006.7 PILE FOUNDATION DESIGN . 1006.8 DRILLED SHAFT DESIGN . 1016.9 DOWNDRAG LOAD† [DRAGLOAD] AND DOWNDRAG . 1026.9.1General Practice for Design Considerations Regarding the Effects of Negative Skin Friction on DeepFoundation Elements . 1056.9.2Mitigation Strategies . 1126.10CULVERTS . 1126.11CONSTRUCTION IN PROBLEMATIC GEOTECHNICAL CONDITIONS . 1126.12CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS, REPORTING, AND RECOMMENDATIONS . 1126.12.1Pre-Loading . 1136.12.2Sheeting/Shoring . 1136.13FAILURES, PROJECT FORENSICS, AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS . 1136.14EMBANKMENTS & REINFORCED SOIL SLOPES . 1146.15EROSION CONTROL . 1146.16DRAINAGE . 115
1/19/2017MnDOT Geotechnical Manualiv6.17SETTLEMENT . 1156.18FILL AND CUT SLOPES . 1156.18.1Soil Slopes. 1166.18.2Rock Slopes. 1166.19GROUNDWATER . 1186.19.1Groundwater Occurrence . 1216.19.2Engineering Hydrogeology . 1246.19.3Control. 1256.20GEOSYNTHETICS . 1276.21RETAINING WALLS . 1286.22NOISEWALLS . 1286.23HIGH-TENSION CABLE GUARDRAIL END ANCHORS . 1296.24LIGHTWEIGHT FILL . 1296.25UTILITIES. 1296.26INFILTRATION PONDS NEAR STRUCTURES . 1297GEOTECHNICAL REPORT . 1327.17.27.37.47.57.67.78TYPES OF REPORTS . 132REPORT CONTENT AND PRACTICE . 132PRESENTATION OF SUBSURFACE INVESTIGATION INFORMATION . 133PROJECT INFORMATION . 133SUBSURFACE INVESTIGATION SUMMARY . 134GEOTECHNICAL ANALYSIS. 134FOUNDATION RECOMMENDATIONS . 135VIBRATION CONCERNS/MANAGEMENT. 1388.1 BLASTING . 1388.1.1Production Blasting . 1388.1.2Controlled Blasting. 1398.1.3Blasting Specifications . 1408.2 VIBRATIONS . 1418.2.1Airborne Vibrations . 1418.2.2Earthborne Vibrations . 1428.2.3Vibration Sources . 1428.2.4Vibration Receivers . 1438.2.5Vibration Impacts (When to be concerned) . 1448.2.6Damage Criteria . 1458.2.7Monitoring Equipment . 1478.2.8Vibration Studies . 1478.2.9Measurement. 1488.2.10Addressing Vibration Concerns . 1489INSTRUMENTATION AND MONITORING . 1.10In Situ Instrumentation and Monitoring . 151Pre-Construction (Investigation into Time/Rate Behavior) . 152During Construction (Quality Control / Quality Assurance) . 153Post-Construction (Performance Monitoring). 154Types of Instruments Used to Monitor Geotechnical Performance . 154Settlement Plates . 155Settlement Systems . 156Horizontal Inclinometers, In-situ Inclinometers, and ShapeAccelArrays . 1562D and 3D Position Surveys: Survey Reflectors, Targets, and Prisms. 159Piezometers (Standpipe, Drive Point, and Electronic) . 159
1/19/2017MnDOT Geotechnical Manualv9.1.11Standpipe Piezometers . 1609.1.12Drive Point (Standpipe and Vibrating Wire) . 1609.1.13Differences between Piezometers and Monitoring Wells . 1609.1.14Vertical Slope Indicators (Manual) . 1619.1.15Vertical Slope Indicators (Automated- In-Place Inclinometers and SAA) . 1619.1.16Tiltmeters . 1629.1.17Strain Gages (Resistance, Vibrating Wire, and Fiber Optic) . 1629.1.18Specialty Strain Gages: Optical Strain Sensor Geosynthetic. 1649.1.19(Earth/Total) Pressure Cells . 1649.1.20Load Cells . 1659.1.21Deflection/Deformation Sensors . 1659.1.22Crackmeters . 1669.1.23TDR, LiDAR, InSAR and other useful, but specialized, techniques . 1669.1.24Research . 1669.2 GIMP/GEMINI . 1679.2.1GIMP . 1679.2.2GEMINI . 16810INFORMATION MANAGEMENT. 17110.1GENERAL POLICY . 17110.2ELECTRONIC BORING AND SOUNDING LOGS FOR STATE PROJECTS AND CSAH PROJECTS . 17210.3FILED AND ARCHIVED INFORMATION . 17210.4ROCK CORES . 17310.5DESIGN INFORMATION . 17310.5.1Diagrams/Drawings . 17310.6GINT LOGS . 17310.7FIELD LOGS (SPT AND CPT), LAB LOGS, LAB DATA . 17410.8WEB BASED DATA: GEOTECHNICAL ARCIMS, “GI5”, GIS APPLICATION . 17510.9“GEOAPP” SMART DEVICE AVAILABILITY . 17510.10 LOCATION DATA QUALITY . 17510.11 AGGREGATE SOURCE INFORMATION SYSTEM . 17610.11.1Description . 17610.12 HEALTH DEPARTMENT RECORDS. 17610.13 PROJECT CLOSE-OUT AND ARCHIVE/UPLOAD . 17610.14 PROJECT BASED BORING LOG INFORMATION . 176REFERENCES. 178Cover Photo: Rock cut south of Beaver Bay on TH61
1/19/2017MnDOT Geotechnical ManualviList of FiguresFIGURE 2-1: EXAMPLE INVESTIGATION PLAN . 20FIGURE 3-1: PLACEMENT OF CORE IN A CORE BOX. 26FIGURE 3-2: FIELD LOG EXAMPLE . 30FIGURE 3-3 : STANDARD PENETRATION DIAGRAM . 34FIGURE 3-4: SPT TEST VARIABLES . 36FIGURE 3-5: STANDARD CPT DIAGRAM . 39FIGURE 3-6: TYPICAL CPT PLOT . 40FIGURE 3-7: FLAT PLATE DILATOMETER (FROM FHWA-SA-91-044) . 41FIGURE 3-8 PRESSUREMETER TESTING BEING PERFORMED TO ASSESS SOIL CONDITIONS FOR THE GLEN ROAD INTERCHANGE PROJECT ONUS10/US61 IN NEWPORT, MN . 42FIGURE 4-1: ATTERBERG LIMITS RELATIONSHIPS . 51FIGURE 4-2: VOLUME AND WEIGHT RELATIONSHIPS FOR A SOIL .
Geotechnical Manual. 2017 Geotechnical Manual
