Transcription
Wise Package Studio Reference
NoticeWise Package Studio , version 7.0 2001-2006 Wise Solutions, Inc.This documentation and the accompanying software are copyrighted materials. Making unauthorized copies is prohibited by law. No part ofthe software or documentation may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system or translated into any human orcomputer language without prior written permission of Wise Solutions, Inc. Wise Solutions, Inc. asserts its “Moral Right” to be identified asthe author of this work, in all jurisdictions which recognize the “Moral Right.”Unless otherwise provided by written agreement with Wise Solutions, Inc., this publication, and the software sold with this publication, areprovided “as is” without warranty of any kind either express or implied, including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantabilityand fitness for a particular purpose. The entire risk arising out of the use or performance of this publication and software remains with you.In no event will Wise Solutions, Inc., or any of its suppliers, be liable for any lost profits, lost savings, direct, incidental or indirect damages orother economic or consequential damages, even if Wise Solutions, Inc., or its suppliers, have been advised of the possibility of such damages.Wise Solutions, Inc. reserves the right to modify this document at any time without obligation to notify anyone. In no event shall WiseSolutions, Inc.’s or its suppliers’ liability under this agreement exceed the sum of any amounts paid hereunder by the customer to Wise or thesupplier.Wise Solutions, Inc. owns a number of trademarks and service marks (the “Marks”). These Marks are extremely valuable to Wise Solutions,Inc. and shall not be used by you, or any other person, without Wise Solutions, Inc.’s express written permission. The Marks include, but arenot necessarily limited to the following: Application Isolation Wizard ; ApplicationWatch ; ConflictManager ; ExpressBuild ; InstallationDevelopment Life Cycle ; InstallBuilder ; InstallMaker ; InstallManager ; InstallTailor ; MSI Debugger ; MSI Script ;PackageManager ; Preflight Deployment ; SetupCapture ; SmartMonitor ; SmartPatch ; Software Distribution Made Easy ; SoftwareInstallations Made Easy ; Unwise ; Virtual Capture ; Visual MSIDiff ; WebDeploy ; Wise Installation System ; Wise MSI Editor ; WisePackage Studio ; Wise Software Repository ; Wise Solutions ; WiseScript ; WiseScript Express ; WiseUpdate ; WiseUser ; and theWise Solutions logo.In addition to Wise Solutions, Inc.’s Marks, some Wise Products may include Trademarks or Service Marks owned by other corporations.These other Marks include, but are not necessarily limited to Microsoft Windows and Microsoft Visual Studio .NET, which areregistered Trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.You shall not use any of the Trademarks or Service Marks of Wise Solutions, Inc., Microsoft Corporation, or any other entity, without theexpress written permission of such Trademark or Service Mark owner.Wise Solutions, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Altiris, Inc.47911 Halyard Drive; Plymouth, Michigan 48170 USAPhone: 1 734 456 2100 Fax: 1 734 456 2456 www.wise.comWise Package Studio Reference2
ContentsPreface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Documentation Roadmap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Getting Help and Product Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Chapter 1: Introduction to Wise Package Studio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Introduction to Wise Package Studio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Wise Package Studio Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . .Repackaging Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Advantages of the Windows Installer Format . . . . . .Starting Wise Package Studio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .If Your Logon Fails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Wise Package Studio Logon Options . . . . . . . . . . . .The Workbench Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .The Projects Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .When a Project Has No Process . . . . . . . . . . . .When a Project Has a Process . . . . . . . . . . . . .The Tools Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Resizing the Workbench Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .About the Wise Software Repository . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Wise Package Studio Directories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .About the Share Point Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .How Source Files Are Indexed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Example: Populating the Share Point Subdirectories .Connecting to an External Workbench Database. . . . . . .Integration with Altiris Software Virtualization Solution . .About Virtual Software Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Wise Package Studio File Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Wise Package Studio Status Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Getting Updates Over the Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . hapter 2: Setting Up Wise Package Studio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Steps for Setting Up Wise Package Studio . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Using the Initial Workbench Setup Project . . . . . . . . . . .About Wise Package Studio Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Integrating With Windows NT Security . . . . . . . . . . . . .Creating Groups and Setting Permissions . . . . . . . . . . .Predefined Security Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Creating Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Setting Software Manager and ConflictManager Security .Setting SetupCapture Configuration Security . . . . . . . . .Setting Database Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .License Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .About User Licensing Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Adding Serial Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .About Evaluation Serial Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Assigning Licenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Deleting Serial Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Wise Package Studio Reference.353738393940414244454647474849503
Workbench Preferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50Activating Suppressed Prompts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52Setting Repository Preferences. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52Chapter 3: Creating Projects, Processes, and Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54About Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Adding a New Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Duplicating or Deleting a Project . . . . . . . . . . . . .About Process Templates and Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . .The Process Templates Setup Interface . . . . . . . . .Predefined Process Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Adding a New Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Adding Tasks to a Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Duplicating and Deleting a Process . . . . . . . . . . . .Importing and Exporting Processes. . . . . . . . . . . .Organizing Tasks and Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . .About Tool Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Adding a New Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Adding a Web Application as a Tool. . . . . . . . .Duplicating, Deleting, and Rearranging Tools . . . . .Help for Tasks and Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Adding Wise Package Studio Variables to Help TextCommand Line Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Guidelines for Entering Command Line Options . . .About Command Line Options for Tools . . . . . . . . .Defining Command Line Options for Tools . . . . . . .Wise Package Studio Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . er 4: Repackaging Applications, Managing Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75Using the Tools Tab. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Using the Projects Tab. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Connecting to a Web Application . . . . . . .Managing Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Entering Project Tracking Information .Assigning Users to Tasks in a Project .Entering Time for Tasks . . . . . . . . . .Viewing Project Metrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Creating a To-Do List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Workbench Reports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Predefined Workbench Reports. . . . . .Generating a Workbench Report. . . . .757678787980818182838484Chapter 5: Wise Package Studio Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86Application Isolation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Creating a Package That Isolates .EXEs. . . . . . . . . . . . . .Specifying OS Compatibility for Isolation . . . . . . . . . . . . .Selecting Isolation Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ApplicationWatch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ApplicationWatch Exclusion List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Creating a Package with ApplicationWatch . . . . . . . . . . . .Command Line Builder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Creating a Command Line With the Command Line BuilderAdding UI Options to Your Command Line . . . . . . . . .Adding Logging Options to Your Command Line . . . . .Wise Package Studio Reference.88899192939393959698994
Adding Advertising Options to Your Command Line. . .Adding a Repair Option to Your Command Line . . . . .Editing Public Properties With a Command Line . . . . .Applying Transforms With a Command Line . . . . . . . .Applying or Removing Patches With a Command Line .InstallTailor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Creating a Transform with InstallTailor . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Legacy Setup Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SMS Conversion Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Converting an SMS Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Novell Conversion Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Converting a Novell Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .WinINSTALL Conversion Guidelines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Converting a WinINSTALL Installation . . . . . . . . . . . .WiseScript Conversion Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Converting a WiseScript . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .InstallShield Professional Conversion Guidelines. . . . . . . .Converting an InstallShield Professional Installation . .InstallShield .MSI Conversion Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . .Converting an InstallShield .MSI Installation . . . . . . .Altiris RapidInstall Package Conversion Guidelines . . . . . .Converting an Altiris RapidInstall Package . . . . . . . . .Package Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Creating a Package Definition File. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Setting Exclusions in Package Definition . . . . . . . . . .Patch Creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .About Patch Sequencing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Creating a Patch File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Specifying Previous Versions for Patches . . . . . . . . . .Advanced Upgrade Version Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Specifying the Patch Sequence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Specifying Advanced Patch Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . .Specifying Patch Removal Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . .UpgradeSync . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Using UpgradeSync. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Web Capture Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Wise Task Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Using Wise Task Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Performing Server-Side Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Adding Files From the Wise Software Repository . . . . . . . . . 131132133134135136136Chapter 6: Package Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138About Package Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Validating a Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Customizing Validation Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Adding a Validation Module to Package Validation.Selecting Validation Rules to Use . . . . . . . . . . . .About Rules That Call a Custom Action . . . . . . . .Adding a Rule That Calls a Custom Action . . . . . .About Validation Rule Sets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Adding a Validation Rule Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Editing a Predefined Validation Rule . . . . . . . . . .Predefined Validation Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Wise Package Studio Reference.1381391401411421431431441451471485
Chapter 7: Test Expert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150About Test Expert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Opening a Package in Test Expert. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Setting Test Expert Preferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .About the Master Test Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Loading, Saving, and Clearing Results Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Installing an Installation Test into a Virtual Software Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . .About Test Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Running a Test Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .About Testing Groups of Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Setting Test Statuses and Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Determining Your Test Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Testing on Multiple Computers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Machine Capture Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Setting Directories to be Watched for Uninstall Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Setting a File, Wildcard, or Directory to Be Ignored During Uninstall TestsSetting Registry Entries to be Ignored During Uninstall Tests. . . . . . . . . .Adding a User-Defined Test Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Test Case Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Installation Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .How to Run Installation Tests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Launch Conditions Test Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .OS Conditions Test Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Verify Installation Test Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Standard Tests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Check Internet Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Check Network Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Database Connectivity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Execute Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Application Verification Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Class IDs Test Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .File Extensions Test Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Help Files Test Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ODBC Data Sources Test Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Prog IDs Test Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Search Locations Test Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Services Test Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Shortcuts Test Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Application Execution Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .How to Run Application Execution Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Extra Files Test Case. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Extra Registry Entries Test Case. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .File Coverage Test Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Isolated Files Test Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Registry Coverage Test Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Uninstall Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .How to Run Uninstall Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Created Files Test Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Created Registry Entries Test Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Destroyed Files Test Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Destroyed Registry Entries Test Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Residual Files Test Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Residual Registry Entries Test Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Wise Package Studio 41851861871871886
Chapter 8: Capturing Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190SetupCapture Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Configuring Settings in SetupCapture Configuration . . . . . . . .Selecting the Configuration File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Setting General Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Setting Directories to Watch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Exclusion List Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Building an Exclusion List Automatically . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Setting File and Folder Exclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Setting a File to Be Excluded . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Setting a Directory to Be Excluded . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Setting a File to Be Excluded Based on a Wildcard . . . . . .Converting User-Specific Files to Generic User Files . . . . .Setting Registry Exclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Setting INI File Exclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SetupCapture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Guidelines for Capturing an Installation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Setting Up a Clean Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Capturing an Installation in a Virtual Software Layer. . . . . . . .Capturing an Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Specifying the Installation File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Configuring SetupCapture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Selecting the Capture Methodology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Selecting a Virtual OS File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Beginning the SetupCapture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Using a Previous Scan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Executing Installations to Be Captured . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Editing SetupCapture Inclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Editing SetupCapture Exclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Finishing SetupCapture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Adding Merge Modules Instead of Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Configuring the Installation as a New Feature . . . . . . . . .Using SetupCapture With Virtual Capture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Guidelines for Virtual Capture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Creating a Virtual OS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Using SetupCapture to Capture First Use Settings . . . . . . . . . . . .SOE Snapshot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Guidelines for Capturing the Standard Operating Environment .SOE Snapshot Configuration Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Capturing the Standard Operating Environment . . . . . . . . . . .Capturing With Wise Web Capture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Files and Registry Entries Ignored During Captures . . . . . . . . . . 225226228229229230232233Chapter 9: Package Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235Distribution Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Distributing to Altiris Software Delivery Solution . . . .Distributing a Package to IBM Tivoli . . . . . . . . . . . . .Distributing a Package to LANDesk Management SuiteMoving a Package into Microsoft Active Directory . . . .Preparing a Package for Microsoft SMS Deployment . .Moving an .MSI Into Novadigm Radia . . . . . . . . . . . .Moving an .MSI Into NetInstall. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Moving an .MSI Into Novell ZENworks. . . . . . . . . . . .Passing an .MSI Into ON Command CCM . . . . . . . . . .Wise Package Studio Reference.2352362372402412422442452472487
Copying a Package to the Share Point Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Copying a Package to a Network Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Copying a Compiled Installation to an FTP Server. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Performing an Administrative Installation of a Windows Installer Package.249251252254Chapter 10: Preflight Deployment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256About Preflight Deployment . . . . . . . . . . . . .The Preflight Deployment Process. . . . . .Connection to Preflight Deployment ToolsCreating a Preflight Package . . . . . . . . . . . .Viewing Results from Preflight Deployment . .Preflight Diagnostic Tests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256258258259260262Appendix A: Wise Package Studio Command Line Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . orforforforforfo
Package Studio ; Wise Software Repository ; Wise Solutions ; WiseScript ; WiseScript Express ; WiseUpdate ; WiseUser ; and the Wise Solutions logo. In addition to Wise Solutions, Inc.'s Marks, some Wise Products may include Trademarks or Service Marks owned by other corporations.
