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Earthquake EngineeringAnalysis and DesignJULY 2011MAVERICK UNITED CONSULTING ENGINEERS
Earthquake Engineering Analysis and DesignTABLE OF CONTENTS1.1 EARTHQUAKE INDUCED VIBRATIONS . .1.3.121.1.3.13Engineering Seismology . 4Seismic Risk . 4Physics of the Earth . 4Plate Tectonics . 4Global Seismicity . 4Mechanism of Earthquakes: Elastic Rebound. 5Fault Rupture Classification . 5Seismic Waves . 6Accelerographs and Seismographs . 6Earthquake Location Parameters . 7Estimation of Location of Focus or Epicentre . 7Estimation of Focal Depth . 7Estimation of Time of Earthquake Occurrence . 7Earthquake Magnitude. 8Evaluation of Regional Seismicity . 10Intensity. 10Characterisation of Strong Motion . 10Attenuation Relationship . 11Seismic Hazard Evaluation Procedure: Seismic Hazard Curves and Seismic Hazard Maps . 12Seismic Hazard Evaluation Procedure: Design Response Spectra . 13Effect of Local Soil Conditions on the Seismic Hazard . 15Elastic Soil Properties . 15Dynamic Response of Soil . 16Liquefaction . 17Residual Strength of Liquefied Soils . 17Assessment of Liquefaction Potential. 18Post-Seismic Failure due to Liquefaction . 19Methods of Improving Liquefiable Soils . 20Effect of Soil Layer on Ground Response . 20Motion of Shear Waves in Elastic Media . 20Impedance (or Radiation) Effect. 21Increase in Duration of Strong Motion . 22Resonance Effect . 23Methods of Evaluating Layer Response . 24Critical Acceleration. 25Effect of Local Soil Conditions on Seismic Hazard Design Procedure Summary . 26Conceptual Structural Design for RC Structures in Seismic Regions . 36Plan Layout . 36Elevation . 36Beam and Column Axes . 36Foundation Design . 37Columns . 37Member Capacity at Connections . 37Floor Slabs . 37Infill Panels . 37Building Separation . 38Architectural Elements . 38General Robustness . 38Detailing Requirements and Ductile Response . 38Eurocode 8 Conceptual Design . 381.1.41.1.5Methods of Structural Analysis . 41GL, ML Shock and Response Spectrum Analysis . 421.1.5.11.1.5.21.1.5.31.1.5.41.1.5.51.1.5.6Nature of the Dynamic Loading Function . 42The Response Spectra . 42GL, ML SDOF Response Spectrum Analysis – Equivalent Lateral Static Force Method . 59GL, ML MDOF Response Spectrum Analysis – Multi-Modal Seismic Analysis . 64Example Application EC8 . 70MSC.NASTRAN Decks . 791.1.6Reinforced Concrete Design to EC8 for Earthquake Effects Based on Response Spectrum Analysis . 71.1.6.81.1.6.91.1.6.10Concepts of Ductility. 84Capacity Design for Optimum Location and Sequence of Attainment of Member Capacity . 85Capacity Design for Favourable Mechanism of Deformation. 85Introduction of Example Problem . 86Design Data . 86Beam Design for Vertical Loading According to EC2 . 86Capacity Check for Seismic Loading of Beams .
earthquake engineering. The Kobe earthquake of magnitude M S 7.0 on 17 January 1995 in Japan left 5,420 people without life and caused US 150 billion, the largest ever single loss from an earthquake. 1.1.1.2 Physics of the Earth Earth’s radius 6,370 km so an arc on the surface of the planet subtending an angle of 1 at the centre has a length
