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21/2/2013Sr Dr. Mohd Saidin MisnanUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, MalaysiaHAZARDIDENTIFICATION,RISK ASSESSMENT& RISK CONTROL(HIRARC)1

21/2/2013OBJECTIVE The principles and practices of OSH HIRARCWhen to conduct HIRARC/Risk AssessmentsWhy HIRARC is importantHow to identify hazard and evaluate riskTo identify types of Hazard in work areaTo suggest Risk Controls to OrganizationTo implementing Risk ControlsTo review Risk ControlsContentSection 1Section 2Section 3Section 3.1Section 3.2Section 4Section 4.1Section 4.2Section 5: HIRARC – Definitions & Concepts: Process of HIRARC: Hazard Identification: Hazard Identification Tools: Types of Hazards: Risk Assessment: Analyzing Risk: Evaluation of Risk: Risk Control Approach2

21/2/2013OSH-MS (MS 1722:2003)Key Elements PolicyOrganizingPlanning And ImplementationMeasuring PerformanceAction for ImprovementWhy We Need OSH-MS Our Organization to be No. 1 Increase “Return of Investment”- employees, money , time . Safe work place3

21/2/2013How To Start Organization should have vision Commitment from management- right people- resource- timeHow To Start Should have internal auditManagement committee to review reportsExternal auditSpecific organization policy- hazard specificEmployee’s participation - meeting, trainingSafety as basic training4

21/2/2013Introduction to HIRARC Principles used in workplace to managesafety and health. Section 15 (2)(a) of OSHA 1994:which reads “ the provision andmaintenance of plants and systems of workthat are,so far as is practicable, safe andwithout risks to health”Overview Of HIRARC Definition of HazardsClassification of HazardsPotential sources of HazardsBasic components of Risk Management5

21/2/2013Purposes of HIRARC To identify all the factors that may cause harm toemployees and others (the hazards) To consider what the chances are of that harmactually befalling anyone in the circumstances of aparticular case and the possible consequences thatcould come from it (the risks) To enable employers to plan, introduce and monitorpreventive measures to ensure that the risks areadequately controlled at all times.SECTION 1HIRARCDefinitions and Concepts6

21/2/2013What is a Hazard?Source or situation with potential for harm in termof:i. Human injuryii. Ill healthiii. Damage to propertyiv. Damage to workplace environmentv. Or combination of theseWhat is a Risk?Combination of the likelihood andconsequence(s) of a specifiedhazardous event occurring.7

21/2/2013Risk – 2 Elements Likelihood that a hazard may occur(probability). Consequence(s) of the hazardousevent (severity).Definition HazardA source or a situation with a potential for harm tohumans, property and damage of environment or acombination of these. DangerRelative exposure to hazard. RiskA combination of likelihood of occurrence andseverity of injury or damage.8

21/2/2013What is risk assessment?Overall process of estimating themagnitude of risk and decidingwhether or not the risk is tolerable.Risk ControlMeasure taken to eliminate ormitigate the identified risks.9

21/2/2013Other Definitions Tolerable risk – risk that has been reduced to alevel that can be endured by the organizationhaving regard to its legal obligations and itsown OSH policy. Interested party – individual or groupconcerned with or affected by the OSHperformance of an organization.The Process of Risk ManagementClassify Activities(Work, Product, Services)Identify HazardAssess The RiskRisk ControlReview Risk Control10

21/2/2013Risk ManagementRisk Management describes the total procedureassociated with identifying a hazard, assessingthe risk, putting in place control measures, andreviewing the outcomes.Planning of HIRARC Ongoing HIRARC activities HIRARC Covers:- Routine and non-routine activities- Activities of all personnel including nonemployees (contractors, visitors)- Facilities at the workplace11

21/2/2013HIRARC -Planning & ImplementationFEEDBACK &ACCIDENT &COMPLAINNEAR ITTRANINGPOLICYSAFETYCOMMITTEEMANAGEMENT PROGRAMSECTION 2Process of HIRARC12

21/2/2013When to Conduct HIRARC For situation: Where hazard appear to pose significant threat Uncertain whether existing controls are adequate Before implementing corrective or preventivemeasures By organization intending to continuously improveOSHMS.HIRARC Process – 3 Basic Steps1. Identify Hazard2. Estimate risk from each hazard Probability of occurrence Severity of harm3. Decide if risk is tolerable.13

21/2/2013Why is HIRARC Important? Legal obligations (certain countries). To determine whether existing or plannedcontrols are adequate. “Risks should be controlled before harmcould occur”.Criteria for HIRARC ProcessClassify work RepresentativeIdentify HazardsPrepare Risk Control Action Plan (if necessary)ReviewRisk AssessmentImplement14

21/2/2013Classify work activitiesPossible ways. geographical or physical areas within/outsidepremises. Stages in production/service process Not too big. E.g. building a car Not too small. E.g. fixing a nut Defined task- e.g. loading, packing, mixing, fixing the doorWork activities Information Requirement Tasks carries out- duration & frequency- Site/location- Who involved/affected- Written system of work Services used- Compressed air, steam Type of material handled Plant/machinery used Distances/heights materialto be moved Tolls/equipment used Acts/Regulations/COP MSDS/CSDS Reactive monitoring data Advice from specialist15

21/2/2013Risk AssessmentDetermine riskMake a subjective assessment of risk associatedwith each hazard assuming that planned orexisting controls are in place.Decide if risk is tolerableJudge whether planned or existing OSHprecautions (if any) are sufficient to keep thehazard under control and meet legal requirements.Prepare risk control action plan (if necessary)Prepare a plan to deal with any issues found by theassessment to require attention.Organizations should ensure that new and existingcontrols remain in place and are effective.16

21/2/2013ImplementExecute the risk control plan.Monitor the effectiveness of the plan.ReviewRe-assess risks on the basis of the revisedcontrols.Check that risks will be tolerable.17

21/2/2013SECTION 3HAZARDIDENTIFICATIONHazard Identification To keep workplace safe and healthy.-employers should make sure there are nohazards to which employees could be exposed. Employers should look for hazards in advanceas part of their risk management plan toprevent potential hazards.18

21/2/2013Classify Work ActivitiesIdentify HazardsIdentify HazardsIdentify all significant hazards relating toeach work activity.Consider who might be harmed and how.19

21/2/2013Hazards Identification1. Is there a source of harm?2. Who could be harmed?3. How harm could occur?Identify HazardsGeneral (Qualitative) methods1. Previewing legislation and COP2. Using hazard checklist3. Conducting survey (audit), observation4. Assessing competency of personnel5. Analyzing reactive data (previous incidents data)6. Analyzing work process7. Through consultation with employees8. MSDS/CSDS9. Seeking advice from specialist10. OSH Journal / publications20

21/2/2013SECTION 3.1HAZARDIDENTIFICATIONTOOLSQuantitative Methods Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP) Failure Mode and Effects Analysis(FMEA) Job Safety Analysis (JSA) Fault Tree Analysis (FTA)21

21/2/2013HAZOP To identify hazard in process and operabilityproblems. To study effects of deviation from processdesign condition. It takes a representation of a system andanalyses how its operation may lead to anunsafe deviation from the intent of the system.HAZOP22

21/2/2013HAZOPGuide Words None of . More of . Less of . Part of . As well as . Reverse . Other than .FMEAFMEA is a systematic approach to; Recognize and evaluate the potential failure of aproduct/process and the effects of that failure. Identify actions that could eliminate or reducethe chance of potential failure occurring. Document the entire process.23

21/2/2013Types of FMEAAll FMEAs focus on the design, be it product orprocess: Design of FMEA (of product) Process FMEA (of process)FMEASystemComponentFailure ModeFailure EffectScrubberWater pumpInadequatewater flowIncreasedenvironmentalpollution24

21/2/2013Where are FMEA’s currently used? Aerospace- Complex systems, processesand productsLow volume manufacturer Automotive - Complex systems, processesand productsHigh volume manufacturerWhen are FMEA applied? During the Advanced Product Quality PlanningProcess (APQP). Design FMEA applied during the product designand development. Process FMEA applied during process designand development.25

21/2/2013JSA Ideally, all jobs should be subjected to JSA. Usually useful for non routine activities.JSA basic procedure Select job to be analyzed Define the scope of the job Organize the job into sequential logical steps Observe each job step to determine the hazards Develop preventive measure to eliminate the hazards26

21/2/2013JSAFTA Shows the relation between system failure- a specific undesirable event in the system, andfailures of the components of the system Technique based on deductive logic, using“AND” and “OR” gates An undesirable event is first defined and casualrelationships of the failures leading to thateventare then identified Based on factual approach27

21/2/2013FTASECTION 3.2HAZARDTYPES28

21/2/2013Safety LevelsPreventionControlProtectionMitigation Mechanical Integrity Predictive/preventivemaintenance Operator training Human factors Impact barriers Adequate procedure AutomaticProcess controlsystem Manual controls On-line spares Backup systems Alarms Operator intervention Interlocks, trips Emergency shutdown Last resort controls Emergency relief Ignition source control Emergencyresponse Sprinkler, deluge Dike, trench Blast wall, barricade Water curtain Personal ProtectiveEquipmentHazardMaterial/energycontained andcontrolled duringnormal operation Toxicity Flammability Reactivity Elevated pressureetc.CauseInitiating event ofprocess upset;start of accidentevent sequence Mechanical failure Procedural error External force Fouling etc.DeviationExcursion beyonddesign/operatinglimits No flow High temperature Low level Impurities Wrong material Step omitted etc.AccidentalEventLoss ofcontainment ofprocessmaterial/energy Fire Explosion Hazardous material Release etc. Other energyreleaseImpactSeverity ofconsequences;losses Illnesses/Injuries death Propertydamage businessinterruption Environmentaldamage etc.Classification & Potential Sources of HazardsClassificationExample of HazardsMechanical - Sharp points & edges, overload.Electrical- Insulation damaged or cover brokenBiological- Exposed, airborne/blood bornemicroorganism.Chemical- Expose to carcinogens chemicalErgonomics- Expose to unnatural posturesPsychological - Stress or violent at workplace.29

21/2/2013Classification of Hazards inconstruction ChemicalErgonomicsSOURCES OF HAZARDSManMachineryMaterialsMethodMediaUnsafe actsInstallation, layout and design of equipmentSubstances such as chemicals and gases usein the workplaceThe way people carry out their workWorkplace condition i.e. air quality,ventilation, lighting, noise, vibration etc.30

21/2/2013Broad Categories of Hazards To facilitate hazards identification, useful tocategorizes hazards in different ways, e.g. bytopic; Chemical Physical Biological Ergonomics Psychosocial Mechanical Electrical MachineryPhysical HazardsPHYSICAL Noise/Vibration Electrical Extreme Temperature(Heat/Cold) Fire/Explosion Radiation Machinery/Equipment Height/Gravitational Confined Space Slip/Trip/Fall Vehicles Water31

21/2/2013Chemical HazardsCHEMICAL Very ToxicToxicCorrosiveHarmfulIrritant ExplosiveOxidizingExtremely FlammableHighly FlammableFlammableBiological HazardsBIOLOGICAL Animals– Wild Dogs , Snakes, Scorpions Plants- Poisons, irritants, Rashes Bacteria– Legionella Viruses– Influenza, HIV, Hepatitis Yeast– Cryptococcus Fungi– Tineas Parasites – Ticks, Gardia,32