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Intelligent Perimeter & Intrusion DetectionFiber Optic SensingNEC Corporation of America, Advanced RecognitionSystemNovember 6, 2019Austin Park NEC Corporation of America 20171

So What? Who Cares?DescriptionSpacePerimeter Intrusion Detection, Linear Ground DetectionProblemOvercome the conventional sensor’s limitation with the similar orsurpassed detection performance and reduced TCO.SolutionFiber Optic Sensor with the proven AI detection/filtration models;adapting changing environment and landscape.Result TRL9 - developed and deployed for operational tests and pilots.AUSTIN PARK austin.park@necam.com2Distance 100 miles per channelLocation Accuracy 3 feetProbability of Detection: HighNuisance Alarm Rate: LowTotal Cost of Ownership: LowMTBF, MTTR, FAR: Carrier Gradehttps://www.linkedin.com/in/austinpark1

Enhanced, Smarter Safety and SecurityConventional safety and security technologies (cameras, Lidar, etc.) vs.fiber-optic sensing3ConventionalFiber-Optic sensingLong distanceNoYesLocation accuracyNoYesHarsh environmentNoYesElectromagnetic interferenceYesNoElectrical power in the fieldYesNoCommunicationYesNoLine of sightYesNoLighting condition dependentYesNoTemperature dependentYesNo

Fiber Optic Technology Leadership & Expertise - IPIDS4Distance 100 miles perchannelLocationAccuracy 3 feetProbability ofDetectionHighNuisance AlarmRateLowTotal Cost ofOwnershipLowMTBF, MTTR,FARCarrier Grade10,000 miles

Intelligent Perimeter Intrusion Detection Comprehensive & provenAI portfolio Classify intrusions andnuisances Detect anomalies Learn from other sensors (i.e.,sensor fusion) Adapt to changing environmentand landscape Tactical communicationbackhaulEvent ingWalking5DrivingDigging

NEC’s Detection Pilot with Verizon Detection System connected to 50 miles of Verizon’s Dallas area, existing and live opticalfiber communication network Optical fiber cable comprised 400 optical fibers, in conduit, buried 3 to 4 feet deep IPIDS (using AI) detected vehicle count and speed (e.g. highway traffic), 30-45 feetfrom cable, with efficacy of conventional video analytics Using the same optical fiber, communicated data 10X faster than existing data speeds Results published in the most prestigious section of the largest optical fiber conferencein world r6

American Airline Intrusion Detection at Miami AirportIntrusion Detected7

American Airline Intrusion Detection at Miami AirportAirplane Landing - Nuisance8

American Airline Intrusion Detection at Miami AirportLightning and Thunder - Nuisance9

AUSTIN PARKDirector of Solution Delivery(202) 642-1132 ustinpark1

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Fiber Optic Sensing Fiber-optic: Long strand of glass in which light travels Environment (vibration/acoustics, strain, pressure, temperature, etc.) physicallychanges glass Change in light reveals change in glass, which reveals environment Photo-elastic effect (strain) Poisson ratio (strain, pressure) Doppler shift (temperature, strain) Any thermodynamic quantity can be sensed with fiber-optic sensing12

Fiber Optic Sensing Every few feet of optical fiber is converted into a sensor over 10s of miles usingtime-, frequency-, or other domain techniques Rayleigh scattering (acoustic/vibration, temperature) Brillouin scattering (strain/temperature) Raman scattering (temperature) Machine learning based AI Events can be instantly and accurately located Actionable data (e.g. GPS coordinate, event classification, etc.) provided Real events can be discriminated from nuisances Season and weather dependent changes can be learned and accounted for Varying deployments can be learned and adjusted to New or pre-existing optical fiber can be used Can be integrated with and compliment other sensors (e.g. cameras) and alarmmanagement systems13

Intelligent Intrusion Detection Solution OverviewFence cableWall mounted cableIntruderAcoustic signal enhancementBuried errogatorVideoSecuritySoundTracking ture, windspeed, humidity, etc.SolarPanelSirenFlash LightEarly DetectionDetection SchemeSpeakerEarly DetectionFastResponseEdge Computing NodeCloud Control&Command Center14Prevention Vibration by distanceVideo surveillanceVoice source detectionUltra-sound motiondetection Siren flash light warning Speaker

Dual-Use Fiber Communication/Sensing SystemExisting Issues 2-fiber layout– Separated fiber for sensing andcommunicationTechnical Approach Counter-Propagation for High PeakPower Sensing System Single fiber layout– High peak power of sensing pulse willinterrupt communication channels Benefits Counter-propagation system- Minimize the fiber nonlinearity cross-talks- No impact to communication channels- Flexible sensing wavelength Co-propagation system- Simpler operation for system operator- Allowing multiple fiber sensing systemthrough WDM15 Co-Propagation for Low Peak-PowerSensing System

Cable Protection SchemesTelecom SolutionSystem ConfigurationRing ProtectionCurrent Issue:Hybrid ProtectionInterrogatorBuried CableDead zone causedby fiber cutSingle cable: One cable protection scheme (with multiple fibers): Two locations (systems) with bidirectional protection Verification - -protect instrument failure Performance enhancement SensitivityBuried cable Noise reduction/normalizationTwo cables: Two cables protection scheme:Interrogator Wall mounted cableBuried cable16Two locations (systems) with bidirectional protection Verification - -protect instrument failureInterrogator Different cable installation (wall mounted and buried) Use buried cable to detect wall/ground activity Use wall mounted cable to detect underground activity Conditional health monitoring of wall and other detections, such asUAV

Fiber Optic Technology Leadership & Expertise - IPIDS Over 40 years experience in implementing fiber optic solutions. Highest-quality fiber-optic communication technology in the world. NEC designs and manufactures the entire system: optical-fiber cables, amplifiers,transceivers, multiplexers, switches, etc. 40 Fiber Optic Communication R&D Non-linearity Chromatic dispersion Polarization/mode coupling & dispersion Optical amplification Optoelectronic noise Rayleigh, Brillouin, & Raman Scattering High-speed signal processing Optical switching & networking Fiber-optic design1710,000 miles

NEC the WISE 40 years machine learning based AIR&D Deep learning Supervised learning Unsupervised learning Torch open source language Applications Digital pathology Manufacturing defect detection Stock market spoof detection Facial recognition18

NEC’s IPID SystemDistance 100 miles perchannelLocationAccuracy 3 feetProbability ofDetectionHighNuisance AlarmRateLowTotal Cost ofOwnershipLowMTBF, MTTR,FARCarrier Grade19AI Platform

Nuisance alarms from heavy rain (“AI off”)Current date & time:7/26 8:29 PMVisual alarms all over aerial map,Many Interrogator signals,heavy rain on camera20

No nuisance alarms from heavy rain (“AI on”)Current date & time:7/26 8:31 PMNO visual alarms on aerial map,NO Interrogator signals,heavy rain on cameraLast alarm:7/26 8:29 PM21

IPIDS Technical Readiness Level The system has been developed anddeployed for operational tests andpilots.NEC IPIDS TRL22

6 NEC's Detection Pilot with Verizon Detection System connected to 50 miles of Verizon's Dallas area, existing and live optical fiber communication network Optical fiber cable comprised 400 optical fibers, in conduit, buried 3 to 4 feet deep IPIDS (using AI) detected vehicle count and speed (e.g. highway traffic), 30-45 feet from cable, with efficacy of conventional video analytics